353.9 
1-0  641  r 

REPUBLICAN   PARTY- 
ILL.  STATE  CENTRAL 
COMMITTEE 

THE  RECORD  IN  ILLINOIS 


The 

Political  Record 
of  Illinois 
1905-1912 


The  Administration 
of 

Charles  S.  Deneen 


Honest 

Efficient 

Progressive 

Constructive 


The  Record  Counts 


The  Record  in  Illinois 

Eight  Years  of 

Honest  Government 

1905-1912 


CAMPAIGN  TEXT  BOOK 


Issued  by 
Illinois  Republican  State  Committee 

Hotel  La  Salle,   Chicago 


INDEX. 

Preface. 

Cook  County  Indorsement  of  Governor  Deneen. 
Governor  Deneen's  Speech  at  Pana. 
Chapter. 

I.     Primary  Election  Laws. 
II.     State  Civil  Service  Law. 

III.  State  Charitable  Institutions. 

IV.  Special  Legislation  for  Chicago. 
V.     State  Revenues  and  Expenditures. 

VI.  Business  Methods. 

VII.  State  Geological  Survey. 

VIII.  Internal  Improvement  Commission. 

IX.  Insurance  Department. 

X.  State  Fire  Marshal's  Department. 

XI.  Railroad  and  Warehouse  Commission. 

XII.  Anti-Pass  and  Watered  Stock  Legislation. 

XIII.  Factory  Inspection. 

XIV.  Labor  Legislation. 
XV.  State  Mining  Board. 

XVI.     Grain  Inspection  Department. 
XVII.     State  Architect  and  New  Buildings. 
XVIII.     The  State  University. 
XIX.     Educational  System  Reorganized. 
XX.     National  Guard  and  Naval  Reserve. 
XXI.     Agriculture. 
XXII.     State  Penal  Institutions. 
XXIII. "  State  Highway  Commission. 
XXIV.     State  Board  of  Health. 
XXV.     Live  Stock  Commission. 
XXVI.     Pure  Food  Commission. 
XXVII.     State  Game  Department. 
XXVIII.     Fish  Commission. 
XXIX.     Commission  Form  of  Government. 
XXX.     Chicago  Parks. 

XXXI.     Governor  Deneen  and  the  Fees  of  State's  At- 
torneys. 
Biographies. 


353,  ?. 

<J 

PREFACE. 

The  Republican  Party  of  Illinois  presents  to 
the  people  of  Illinois  its  candidates  and  in  support 
of  their  candidacy  offers  the  following  record  of 
the  Republican  Administration  in  our  State. 

This  pamphlet  contains  an  account  of  that 
administration  and  is  presented  to  the  voters 
in  the  confident  expectation  that  in  it  they  will 
find  convincing  evidence  that  the  pledges  here- 
tofore made  by  the  Republican  Party  have  been 
redeemed  and  that  the  party  has  gone  far  beyond 
the  redemption  of  such  pledges  and  has  placed 
our  State  among  the  most  advanced  states  in 
the  Union  in  laws  and  administration. 

In  every  sense  the  present  Republican  Adminis- 
tration has  been  a  progressive  one : 

1.  In  the  enlargement  of  popular  control  over 
the  entrances  to  public  life  through  the  nomination 
of  public  officials  at  direct  primaries,  the  advisory 
vote  afforded  the  citizens  of  Illinois  upon  candi- 
dates for  United  States  Senate  and  the  Presi- 
dential preference  primary  law,  regarding  national 
politics; 

2.  The  placing  of  all  employes  of  the  State 
under  a  classified  Civil  Service  Law  and  the 
establishment  of  an  efficiency  bureau  to  test  and 
record  the  merit  of  those  in  the  State's  service; 

3.  The  taking  of  our  charitable  institutions 
out  of  politics,   changing  their  treatment  from 
custodial  to  curative;  the  placing  of  their  service 
upon  a  scientific  basis;  the  transfer  from  the 
counties    to    the  State  itself    of   the  exclusive 
care  of  the  insane  wards  of  the  State;  the  im- 
provement of  the  buildings  and  equipment  of  all 
State  charitable  institutions; 

4.  Special   legislation  for   Chicago,    enabling 
the  Illinois  metropolis  to  meet  the  conditions  of 
its  municipal  growth; 

5.  The  revision  and  enlargement  of  the  powers 
of    the    Railroad    &    Warehouse     Commission, 
bringing  within  its  jurisdiction  interurban  rail- 
roads, express  companies  and  other  public  utili- 
ties; the  lowering  of  passenger  and  freight  rates 
and  the  regulation  and  supervision  of  the  rates 
and  service  of  transportation  companies; 

6.  The  revision  of  the  insurance  laws,  making 
them  a  model  for  the  country; 

7.  The  revision  of  factory  laws,  which  are 
now  the  most  advanced  in  the  United  States; 

xxi  8.  A  long  list  of  labor  laws,  greater  in  number 
^and  in  importance  than  have  been  enacted  here- 
tofore in  the  history  of  the  State; 

- 

3 


9.  The  revision  of  the  mining  laws  and  estab- 
lishment of  mine  rescue  stations  which  mark  an 
epoch  in  the  mining  legislation  of  the  United 
States; 

10.  Conservation  of  our  natural  resources; 

11.  Scrupulous  care  and  attention  bestowed 
upon  the  administration  of  the  public  business; 
economies  and  reforms  introduced  in  the  way  of 
simplification  and  inspection  of  accounts  and  a 
vast  improvement  made  in  relation  to  building, 
repair    and   rehabilitation   of   public    buildings, 
without  scandal  or  suspicion. 

The  record  of  these  and  many  other  reforms 
will  be  found  in  this  pamphlet.  The  reading  of 
this  pamphlet  is  recommended  to  all  citizens  who 
desire  to  have  information  regarding  the  progress 
of  the  State,  the  administration  of  its  business 
and  the  enactment  of  its  laws.  Nowhere  else 
can  it  be  found  so  clearly  or  briefly  stated.  The 
information  has  been  classified  and  set  out  under 
appropriate  titles  and  chapters  for  the  con- 
venience of  the  reader.  Each  chapter  is  short,  but 
complete  in  information. 

We  believe  that  the  fair-minded  reader  will  rise 
from  a  perusal  of  this  text-book  satisfied  that  no 
business  in  the  State  has  made  such  progress  in 
its  management  or  expansion  as  that  of  the  State 
itself,  and  that  in  both  laws  and  administration 
the  State  of  Illinois  is  justly  entitled  to  rank 
among  the  foremost  states  in  the  United  States. 


COOK  COUNTY  REPUBLICANS  ENDORSE 
GOVERNOR  DENEEN. 

At  the  Cook  County  Republican  Convention 
in  Chicago,  Feb.  3,  1912,  a  cordial  endorsement 
of  the  nomination  of  Governor  Deneen  was  given. 
President  Harry  Pratt  Judson  of  the  University 
of  Chicago  was  chairman  of  the  committee  on 
resolutions,  and  presented  the  following  to  the 
convention,  which  enthusiastically  adopted  it: 

"The  administration  of  Governor  Charles  S. 
Deneen  has  been  such  as  to  command  and  de- 
serve the  confidence  of  the  citizens  of  Illinois. 
It  has  been  characterized  by  the  absolute  honesty 
and  great  efficiency  and  economy  with  which  it 
has  administered  the  public  institutions  and  de- 
partments under  its  supervision  and  by  the  pro- 
gressive character  of  the  legislation  which  it  has 
placed  upon  our  statute  books. 

"To  his  administration  our  State  is  indebted 
for  the  passage  of  a  state-wide  primary  election 
law  and  of  a  state-wide  civil  service  law. 

"For  the  revision  of  the  insurance  laws  of  the 
State. 

"For  the  enactment  of  laws  relating  to  em- 
ployment; protecting  the  health,  comfort  and 
safety  of  employes  and  improving  the  conditions 
of  employment  and  the  relations  between  em- 
ployers and  employes. 

"For  the  enactment  of  laws  enlarging  the 
powers  of  the  State  Railroad  and  Warehouse 
Commission  over  the  rates  and  service  of  public 
service  corporations. 

"For  the  introduction  into  the  public  service 
of  sound  business  methods,  such  as  the  payment 
of  interest  on  public  funds  into  the  public  treas- 
ury, the  introduction  of  uniform  systems  of  book- 
keeping and  accounts  into  the  State  institutions 
and  departments,  and  the  institution  and  prose- 


cution  of  the  case  against  the  Illinois  Central 
Railroad  company  on  claims  aggregating  mil- 
lions of  dollars. 

"The  administration  is  to  be  commended  for 
the  creation  of  the  State  Board  of  Administration 
and  the  improvement  of  service  and  great  econ- 
omies effected  thereby  in  the  administration  of 
the  State  institutions. 

"For  the  revision  of  our  antiquated  school  laws, 
and  for  the  work  done  to  secure  the  introduction  - 
into  our  school  system  of  vocational  courses  of 
study. 

"For  the  splendid  work  done  in  the  conserva- 
tion of  the  State's  resources. 

"For  the  revision  of  the  State  food  law,  bring- 
ing the  Illinois  law  and  the  work  of  the  State 
Food  Commission  into  harmony  with  that  of  the 
National  government. 

"For  the  enactment  of  the  commission  form  of 
government  law,  and  of  the  acts  enlarging  the 
powers  of  municipalities,  such  as  the  power  to 
regulate  rates  for  gas  and  electricity,  and  the 
power  to  construct,  operate  and  maintain  har- 
bors; and  for  the  laws  abolishing  the  justice 
courts  and  establishing  the  municipal  court  of 
Chicago  and  replacing  the  old  township  organi- 
zations and  independent  taxing  bodies  by  a  con- 
solidated municipal  government  for  Chicago. 

"The  administration  is  further  to  be  com- 
mended for  its  advocacy  of  an  anti-pass  law,  of 
the  revision  of  the  laws  governing  practice  and 
procedure  in  our  courts,  and  of  the  passage  of  a 
corrupt  practice  act  and  the  revision  of  our  gen- 
eral election  laws  so  as  to  eliminate  corruption 
from  primary  and  general  elections. 

"The  work  of  the  present  State  administration 
has  placed  Illinois  among  the  foremost  of  Ameri- 
can states  in  progressive  legislation  and  has 
brought  the  administration  of  all  branches  of  the 
public  service  up  to  a  high  level  of  efficiency. 
6 


"The  administration  is  now  in  the  midst  of 
much  important  work  for  the  promotion  of  the 
public  welfare  which  should  be  steadily  carried 
forward,  and  it  is  our  belief  that  the  recognized 
and  demonstrated  executive  ability  and  experi- 
ence of  Governor  Charles  S.  Deneen  should  com- 
mend itself  to  the  voters  of  Illinois  as  fitting  him 
best  to  carry  this  work  to  completion. 

"We  therefore  recommend  and  indorse  his 
candidacy  for  renomination  and  pledge  our- 
selves to  support  it  in  the  forthcoming  primary 
election,  and,  should  he  be  nominated,  to  use  all 
honorable  means  to  secure  his  re-election  by  the 
voters  of  Illinois  next  November." 


ADDRESS    OF    GOVERNOR    DENEEN    AT 
PANA,  AUGUST  23,  1912. 

I  have  been  Governor  of  Illinois  for  nearly 
eight  years.  They  have  been  eventful  years 
in  the  history  of  our  State  and  have  been  filled 
with  work  and  deeds  which  speak  for  them- 
selves. During  that  time  a  nation-wide  strug- 
gle has  been  carried  on  in  the  various  state 
legislatures  for  the  enlargement  of  popular 
rights,  the  curtailment  of  special  privileges, 
the  expansion  of  the  functions  of  the  State  and 
the  application  of  the  regulative"  powers  of 
government  to  business,  employment,  health, 
safety,  training  and  education.  In  regard  to 
all  these  matters  I  simply  seek  to  be  judged 
by  what  has  been  accomplished. 

The  progressive  enlargement  of  the  powers 
and  responsibilities  of  the  State  and  their  ap- 
plication to  men  and  things  and  my  attitude 
towards  them  is  a  safe  test  as  to  my  qualifica- 
tions for  the  governorship.  The  criticisms  of 
my  record  by  my  opponents  may  not  only  be  a 
test  of  that  record,  if  fair,  but  if  unfair,  may 
be  a  test  also  of  the  character  and  qualifica- 
tions for  public  service  of  the  men  who  make 
them.  For  it  can  never  be  that  men  who  seek 
to  attain  power  by  deceiving  or  misleading  the 
public  can  be  safely  trusted  to  deal  with  the 
large  affairs  of  a  state  administration  where 
great  temptations  to  ambition  or  honesty  are 
constantly  besetting  the  path  of  the  public 
servant. 

First,  as  to  the  attitude  of  my  Democratic 
opponent,  Hon.  Edward  F.  Dunne. 


He  has  made  a  state-wide  campaign  and  has 
in  every  speech,  so  far  as  I  can  gather  from 
reports,  made  criticisms  of  my  administration 
which  may  be  classified  under  three  heads : 

Extravagant  Expenditure.  I  call  the  atten- 
tion of  the  public  to  the  character  of  this  charge. 
The  Judge  is  neither  frank  nor  fair  in  the  charge 
he  makes.  He  seeks  to  create  the  impression 
that  there  is  something  wrong  about  the  increase 
of  expenditures  made  by  the  present  State 
administration  over  those  made  by  Governor 
Altgeld's  administration.  This  is  the  charge 
concerning  this  matter  which  is  made  -in  Judge 
Dunne's  statement  "To  the  Citizens  of  Illinois:" 

"During  that  period  the  expense  of  maintaining  the 
government  has  increased  from  about  $5,000,000.00 

per    annum    under     Altgeld 

to  the  staggering  total  of  nearly  $15,000,000.00  per  annum 
under  Deneen." 

In  the  State  platform,  which  he  wrote  in 
collaboration  with  others,  this  statement  is 
made: 

"We  condemn  the  extravagance  and  profligate  ex- 
penditures of  the  last  two  Republican  State  administra- 
tions of  Illinois.  This  wasteful  expenditure  on  the  part 
of  the  administration  of  Governor  Deneen,  having  for 
its  object  the  providing  of  bounties  for  favorites  in  political 
offices,  and  providing  in  other  respects  for  the  enrich- 
ment of  chosen  contractors  and  special  supply  agencies 
by  the  administration  of  the  institutions  of  the  State, 
is  condemned  by  the  citizens  of  the  State  as  lacking  in 
economy  and  efficiency." 

Neither  in  his  speeches  nor  in  his  platform 
has  any  information  been  given  to  the  public 
that  would  support  such  untruthful  and  un- 
warranted charges.  The  answer  to  these  vague, 
general  and  untruthful  charges  must  be  found 
in  a  recital  of  the  facts. 

The  Appropriations.  Appropriations  are  made 
not  by  the  Governor  but  by  the  General  As- 
sembly. There  are  fifty-one  Senators  in  the 
General  Assembly  and  153  members  of  the 
House  of  Representatives.  The  Constitution 
provides  that  the  vote  of  a  majority  of  the 
members  elected  to  each  House  is  necessary  to 
make  appropriations.  What  were  the  appro- 
priations? 

FIRST — There  are  eighteen  charitable  institu- 
tions maintained  by  the  State.  The  appropria- 
tions therefor  are  $9,671,258.67  for  two  years, 
or  nearly  $5,000,000.00  per  year.  This  is  ex- 
pended by  a  Board  of  Administration,  three 
members  of  which  are  Republicans,  Hon.  L.  Y. 
Sherman,  Dr.  Frank  P.  Norbury,  Col.  Frank  D. 
Whipp,  and  two  Democrats,  Hon.  Benjamin  R. 
Burroughs,  former  circuit  judge  for  twenty-one 
years  in  the  Third  Illinois  Judicial  District, 
and  Hon.  Thomas  O'Connor,  former  mayor  of 


Peoria.  The  employes  in  these  institutions, 
numbering  2,642,  are  all  under  civil  service.  In 
making  these  appropriations  there  were  not 
more  than  two  votes  cast  in  the  General  As- 
sembly against  any  one  of  the  items  which 
make  up  the  large  amount  stated.  And,  in 
passing,  I  call  attention  to  the  fact  that  we 
now  appropriate  as  much  money  for  the  main- 
tenance and  support  of  .the  charitable  wards  of 
the  State  as  the  total  appropriations  made  for 
the  State  administration  during  Governor  Alt- 
geld's  term  of  office. 

SECOND — There  was  appropriated  for  educa- 
tional purposes  $9,119,172.12  for  two  years. 
This  was  expended  by  the  officers  of  the  com- 
mon schools  of  our  State  through  the  Super- 
intendent of  Public  Instruction,  by  the  trustees 
of  the  five  State  normals  and  by  the  trustees 
of  the  University  of  Illinois,  without  a  question 
being -raised  during  my  administration  as  to 
the  integrity  and  honesty  of  the  expenditure 
of  a  single  dollar.  It  will  be  noticed,  too,  that 
these  appropriations  amount  to  nearly  $5,000,- 
000.00  per  year. 

THIRD— There  was  appropriated  $1,837,000.00 
for  fees  which,  for  the  first  time,  were  by  law 
required  to  be  turned  into  the  State  treasury 
so  that  the  Legislature  and  the  public  could 
be  fully  informed  as  to  the  financial  transac- 
tions of  the  various  State  departments,  and  then 
were  appropriated  back  to  the  departments 
from  which  they  came.  This  was  a  mere  mat- 
ter of  bookkeeping  and  represented  no  burden 
whatever  upon  the  taxpayers. 

FOURTH — There  was  appropriated  $1,248,595.83 
for  the  National  Guard  of  our  State.  These 
expenditures  are  supervised  and  audited  by  the 
Department  and  Institution  Auditor  in  the 
Governor's  office  and  by  the  Executive  Committee 
of  the  National  Guard  Association,  selected 
by  the  National  Guard  itself,  and  no  question 
as  to  the  integrity  and  honesty  of  the  expendi- 
ture of  a  dollar  of  these  appropriations  has 
ever  been  raised. 

FIFTH — There  was  appropriated  for  the  State 
penitentiaries  and  the  reformatory  at  Pontiac 
$1,892,100.00,  and  this  expenditure  has  been 
made  by  four  different  boards,  audited  by  cer- 
tified public  accountants,  audited  by  the  Insti- 
tution Auditor  of  the  Governor's  office  and 
audited  by  the  State  Auditor.  No  question  has 
ever  been  raised  as  to  the  honesty  of  the  ex- 
penditure of  a  single  dollar. 

SIXTH- — There  was  appropriated  for  salaries  of 
State  officers  and  members  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly, whose  compensation  is  fixed  by  law,  $2,400,- 
000.00. 

9   . 


A  complete  classified  statement  of  appropria- 
tions made  by  the  Forty-seventh  General  As- 
sembly follows: 

Salaries,  State  officers  and 
members  of  the  General 
Assembly $2,400,000  00 

Educational  purposes 9,119,172  12 

Charitable 9,907,658  65 

Penal  and  Reformatory 1,892,100  00 

Agricultural •.      471,600  00 

Illinois  National  Guard 1,248,595  83 

Purchase  of  Starved  Rock..      151,000  00 

State    Contracts  —  Printing, 

Stationery  and  Binding. . .  .      276,000  00 

$25,466,126  60 

Private  Secretary,  Clerk  hire 
and  office  expenses  for 
State  officers $1,345,117  00 

Commissioners,  including 
Railroad  and  Warehouse, 
Civil  Service  and  all  Com- 
missioners   1,548,840  00 

Boards,     including     Health, 

Pardons,  etc 462,000  00 

Libraries  and  Museum 89,934  00 

Supreme  and  Appellate  Courts      148,230  00 

Bureau  of  Labor,  Free  Em- 
ployment and  Factory  In- 
spector   137,500  00 

Emplove"s  and  expense  Gen- 
eral Assembly 240,950  00 

Miscellaneous,  including 

Special        Appropriations, 
Court   of  Claims    awards, 

Monuments,  etc 219,477  89 

4,192,048  89 

Grand  Total $29,658,175  49 

Now,  Judge  Dunne  tries  to  leave  the  impres- 
sion in  the  public  mind  that  these  appropria- 
tions -are,  to  use  his  own  words,  "staggering," 
"wasteful"  and  "extravagant."  The  Democrats 
in  the  House  and  the  Senate  did  not  think 
so.  They  voted  for  these  appropriations.  There 
is  not  an  item  of  these  appropriations,  except 
one — an  item  of  $20,000.00  for  a  biological  live 
stock  laboratory — in  which  there  were  more 
than  three  votes  registered  against  any  one  of 
these  appropriations  in  either  house  of  the 
General  Assembly.  In  almost  every  instance 
the  vote  was  unanimous. 

It  would  be  impossible  in  a  speech  to  give 
the  reasons  for  the  increasing  expenditures 
for  each  item,  because  of  their  number.  But  I 
will  take  up  two  of  the  largest  items  and  treat 
them  in  a  general  way:  the  State  Charities 
and  Education. 

During  the  last  year  of  Governor  Altgeld's 
administration  the  total  number  of  persons 
cared  for  by  the  State  charities  administration 
was  8,831.  The  number  in  our  eighteen  State 
charitable  institutions  on  Aug.  1,  1912,  was 
17,802.  During  my  administrations  four  thousand 

10 


of  these  have  been  taken  out  of  the  poor  houses 
and  alms  houses  in  the  State,  and  the  counties 
thus  relieved  of  the  cost  of  their  maintenance, 
the  burden  being  transferred  from  the  county  to 
the  State.  Permanent  improvements  have  been 
made  during  my  administration  in  these  institu- 
tions, aggregating  $4,616,670.00,  which  has  placed 
them  upon  the  high  level  of  the  best  institutions 
of  this  character  in  this  country  or  any  other 
country.  The  cost  of  the  administration  of  this 
charitable  service  will  increase  and  not  decrease, 
regardless  of  who  is  the  Governor  of  the  State. 
The  net  increase  of  the  insane  alone  per  annum 
in  our  State  is  400.  During  one  administration 
of  four  years  this  amounts  to  1,600,  the  standard 
population  of  an  insane  hospital.  Figuring  the 
cost  by  the  experience  of  our  State  and  other 
states  for  the  maintenance  and  equipment  of  this 
class  of  institution,  this  will  add  to  each  adminis- 
tration a  burden  of  $1,281,000.00. 

EDUCATION. 

The  last  General  Assembly  appropriated  $2,- 
000,000.00  per  annum  in  aid  of  the  public  schools, 
in  place  of  the  $1,000,000.00  per  annum  which 
theretofore  had  been  appropriated  for  this  purpose 
since  1872.  This  tax  was  made  to  relieve  somewhat 
the  burden  of  school  taxes  which  is  one  of  the 
greatest  burdens  borne  by  the  tax  payers.  The 
State  has  now  assumed  to  a  greater  extent  than 
ever  before  in  its  history  the  burden  of  the 
support  of  the  public  schools. 

The  growth  and  expansion  of  the  functions  of 
the  University  of  Illinois  have  called  for  larger 
appropriations.  Under  Governor  Altgeld's  admin- 
istration there  was  appropriated  for  the  Univer- 
sity of  Illinois,  for  the  first  two  years,  $334,700.00; 
for  the  second  two  years,  $427,000.00.  During 
my  last  administration  the  General  Assembly 
has  appropriated  for  the  University  of  Illinois, 
for  the  first  two  years,  $2,463,500.00;  for  the 
second  two  years,  $3,714,300.00. 

The  five  normal  schools  of  the  State  received 
for  the  last  two  years  an  appropriation  of  $1,239,- 
572.12. 

As  I  stated,  Judge  Dunne  tries  to  leave  the 
impression  that  he  would  lower  the  appropria- 
tions and  in  this  way  reduce  the  burden  of 
taxation.  His  statement  is  neither  frank,  fair  nor 
intelligent.  He  does  not  indicate  where,  in  his 
opinion,  the  expenditures  could  be  or  should  be 
reduced. 

In  view  of  the  misleading  character  of  his 
statements  and  the  false  impressions  they  con- 
vey, I  challenge  him  to  state  what  department 
of  the  State  government  he  would  first  attack. 
Will  he  make  his  first  assault  upon  the  wards 

11 


of  the  State?  Will  he  cripple  the  State's  activi- 
ties in  education?  Will  he  cripple  the  National 
Guard?  Will  he  manage  the  penitentiaries  so 
that  they  will  compete  in  their  work  with  out- 
side work  and  thus  reduce  the  cost  of  their 
maintenance?  Will  he  advocate  a  change  of  the 
law  that  requires  the  fees  which  are  received  by 
the  departments  to  be  turned  into  the  State 
treasury  and  appropriated  out  of  it  so  that  he 
may  appear  to  make  a  saving  in  the  aggregate 
appropriations? 

If  any  considerable  curtailment  is  made  in  these 
appropriations,  some  or  all  of  these  institutions 
and  departments  will  have  to  suffer  in  their  service 
and  efficiency. 

Again,  replying  to  his  statement  and  his  plat- 
form, which  he  wrote,  in  which  he  suggests  that 
appropriations  have  been  made  for  the  enrich- 
ment of  chosen  contractors  and  special  supply 
agencies  by  the  administration  of  the  institutions 
of  the  State,  I  have  to  state  in  answer  thereto  that 
no  contractor  has  been  favored  during  my  adminis- 
tration and  no  special  supply  agencies  favored. 
The  contracts  for  supplies  and  for  work  on  the 
public  buildings  have  been  let  openly  and  the 
bids  have  been  opened  in  the  presence  of  all  the  bid- 
ders. No  complaints  have  been  made  of  the  fair- 
ness or  honesty  of  any  of  the  awards.  The  plans 
have  not  been  changed  to  aid  the  successful 
bidders,  nor  have  deficiency  appropriations  been 
made  to  complete  the  work.  Buildings  amounting 
to  $6,524,710.00  have  been  erected  during  my 
administration  and  there  has  been  no  scandal 
regarding  any  of  this  work,  nor  has  even  a  suspicion 
of  dishonesty  been  raised  in  connection  therewith. 

Again,  is  our  State  government  extravagant? 
The  best  way  to  test  this  is  to  compare  its  expendi- 
tures with  those  of  other  states  of  like  character 
and  condition.  I  cite  the  annual  per  capita 
disbursements  of  several  states  to  show  the  rela- 
tive lowness  of  Illinois  expenditures: 

Illinois,  average  per  capita  disbursements  for  the 

years  1911-12 $2.62 

Wisconsin,  for  the  year  1908    4 . 23 

Michigan,  for  the  year  1909 4 .22 

Indiana,  for  the  year  1910.  . . 3.12 

California,  for  the  year  1908      6 .86 

Colorado,  for  the  year  1906 7 .03 

Massachusetts,  for  the  year  1909      3 .85 

Minnesota,  for  the  year  1909 6.12 

New  Jersey,  for  the  year  1908 3 .34 

New  York,  for  the  year  1910 6 .30 

Pennsylvania,  for  the  year  1909      3 .91 

A  complete  comparison  of  the  per  capita 
disbursements  of  all  the  states  shows  that  Illi- 
nois disbursements  are  much  lower  than  70 
per  cent  and  slightly  higher  than  30  per  cent  of 
those  of  the  other  states. 

12 


These  facts  answer  and  refute  Judge  Dunne's 
charges  and  show  that  his  campaign  on  finance, 
if  sincere,  is  an  effort  to  make  progressive  advance- 
ment toward  a  lower  standard  of  government 
and  place  Illinois  with  the  more  backward  states. 
Again,  Illinois  State  taxation  is  not  high  or 
extravagant.  The  tax  rate  has  been  uniformly 
30  cents,  or  its  equivalent  under  the  other  basis 
of  assessed  valuation  during  my  terms  of  office. 
It  is  now  35  cents  on  the  $100.00  of  assessed 
property  valuation.  Two  years  ago  it  was  30 
cents.  The  increase  was  made  necessary  largely 
to  meet  the  $8,403,180.00  appropriated  for 
extraordinary  and  permanent  improvements  in 
the  various  institutions.  But  notwithstanding 
these  extraordinary  appropriations,  the  general 
revenue  fund  was  increased  only  from  25  cents 
to  26.2  cents  on  the  $100.00  valuation,  or  a  net 
increase  of  1.2  cents  and  the  school  fund,  by 
reason  of  the  additional  million  dollars  per 
annum  appropriated  to  the  school  districts, 
was  increased  from  5  cents  to  8  cents  and  8  mills 
on  the  one  hundred  dollars,  or  an  increase  of  3 
cents  and  8  mills  on  the  one  hundred  dollars. 
Again  I  say,  is  this  the  "staggering,"  "extrava- 
gant" "wasteful"  extravagance  of  which  he 
complains  in  his  statement  and  his  platform? 
The  State  tax  is  lower  than  the  tax  imposed  by 
any  municipality  in  Illinois  and  can  hardly  be 
noticed  in  the  aggregate  taxes  for  county,  town- 
ship, city,  roads  and  bridges,  bond  taxes,  school 
taxes,  parks  and  other  purposes. 

Judge  Dunne's  statement  is  misleading  in 
another  respect.  He  seeks  to  convey  the  im- 
pression that  the  increase  in  expenditures  from 
$5,000,000.00  to  $15,000,000.00  represents  a  pro- 
portionate increase  in  the  burden  of  taxation  on 
real  and  personal  property.  That  his  state- 
ment is  misleading,  the  following  comparison 
between  the  receipts  of  the  State  treasury  from 
all  sources  during  Altgeld's  term  and  those  for 
the  seven  years  of  my  administration  will  show: 


13 


STATEMENT  OF  RECEIPTS  INTO  STATE  TREASURY. 

From  From 

Jan.  1,  1893,     Jan.  1,  1905, 
to  Jan.  1, 1897.  to  Jan.  1, 1912. 
From  What  Source. 

State  tax $11,688,602  22$42,271,266  68 

Inheritance  tax 5,373,232  64 

Illinois  Central  R.  R.  Co  .  .  .     2,858,275  69     8,219,340  16 

Secretary  of  State      317,505  45     3,549,818  72 

Insurance  Department    ....        497.326  64     3,825,645  40 
Charitable  institutions  since 
under  supervision  of  Board 

of  Administration 507,827  26 

Miscellaneous  sources  in- 
cluding official  fees  of  de- 
partments other  than 
above  named ;  amount  col- 
lected under  provisions  of 
Game  and  Fish  laws;  in- 
terest on  public  funds; 
amount  received  from  U. 
S.  Govt.  in  aid  of  Soldiers' 
and  Sailors'  Home  and 
College  of  Agriculture 822,310  55  3,359,628  40 


Total $16,184,020  55S67, 106,759  26 

Note — Above  does  not  include  the  following  trust 
funds,  viz:  Registered  Bond,  Miners'  Examining  and 
Kaskaskia  Commons,  Permanent  School  Fund. 

The  total  amount  of  State  tax  collected  on  assessment 
of  1909,  $7,283,519.96. 

The  total  amount  of  State  tax  collected  on  assessment 
of  1910,  $6,400,132.43. 

State  tax  on  assessment  of  1911  in  process  of  collection. 

I  may  ask  Judge  Dunne  whether  these  large 
revenues  accruing  to  the  State  from  sources 
other  than  taxation  appear  to  him  "staggering" 
and  whether  on  that  account  he  would  proceed 
forthwith  to  reduce  them.  If  so,  I  ask  him 
again  to  specify  in  what  particulars. 

Judge  Dunne  is  again  unfortunate  in  making 
Governor  Altgeld's  administration  his  standard 
of  comparison.  The  public  is  familiar  with  the 
fact  that.  Governor  Altgeld  changed  a  large 
surplus  left  in  the  treasury  by  his  Republican 
predecessor  into  a  deficit;  that  he  spent  nearly 
$3,000,000.00  more  than  was  raised  by  the  State 
through  taxation  and  otherwise  during  his 
administration;  that  when  he  left  nearly  every 
State  department  showed  a  deficit  and  a  large 
number  of  the  State  officials  or  heads  of  depart- 
ments defaulted.  I  was  called  upon  myself  as 
state's  attorney  of  Cook  county,  to  prosecute 
a  number  of  those  who  had  criminally  withheld 
public  funds  to  the  amount  of  several  hundred 
thousand  dollars.  Whatever  else  may  be  said 
of  Governor  Altgeld's  administration,  it  can 
hardly  be  held  up  as  a  model  for  the  financial 
administration  of  the  State  government.  And 
if  Judge  Dunne  is  to  pattern  his  administration 
shCuld  he  be  elected,  after  that  of  Governor 
Altgeld,  we  can  know  in  advance  what  to  expect. 

14 


But  regardless  of  comparisons  with  Governor 
Altgeld's  administration,  Judge  Dunne  seeks  to 
convey  the  impression  that  there  must  be  some- 
thing wrong  with  the  administration  of  the 
State  finances  when  the  expenditures  increase  in 
sixteen  years  in  the  State  administration  from 
S5,000,000.00  to  $15,000,000.00.  Judge  Dunne 
is  singularly  unfortunate  in  this  argument,  be- 
cause I  can  answer  it  in  kind.  Judge  Dunne  was 
elected  mayor  of  Chicago  in  April,  1905.  The 
appropriations  made  just  preceding  his  election 
for  that  year  by  the  Chicago  City  Council  were 
$36,782,270.32;  the  following  year,  1906,  the  ap- 
propriations were  $40,193,291.31.  The  appro- 
priations made  by  his  administration  in  1907, 
while  he  was  mayor  and  candidate  for  re-elec- 
tion, and  before  the  election  when  he  expected 
to  be  re-elected,  were  $49,671,206.29. 

It  will  be  interesting  to  compare  these  appro- 
priations with  those  for  the  Chicago  adminis- 
tration sixteen  years  before,  just  as  he  has  com- 
pared mine  with  Governor  Altgeld's. 

In  1889  the  appropriation  for  the  city  of  Chi- 
cago was  $6,326,651.21;  in  1890,  $9,558,334.80; 
and  in  1891,  $10,453,370.41. 

I  regret  that  Judge  Dunne's  experience  as 
mayor  of  Chicago  and  the  great  increase  of  ap- 
propriations that  occurred  during  his  term  over 
the  term  preceding  it  by  sixteen  years  has 
caused  him  to  look  upon  such  increases  with 
suspicion;  and  if  he  has  any  reasons  out  of  his 
own  experience  as  mayor  of  Chicago,  that  would 
justify  such  a  suspicion,  I  suggest  that  he  be 
more  explicit  in  stating  his  experience  than  he 
has  been  in  making  his  charges  against  the  in- 
crease of  expenditures  in  this  State. 

THE  JACK  POT. 

The  second  charge  made  by  Judge  Dunne  re- 
lates to  the  jack-pot.  His  speeches  are  an  am- 
plification of  the  plank  in  his  platform,  which 
is  as  follows: 

"We  denounce  the  bi-partissnship,  corruption  and 
jack-pot  conspiracy,  which,  under  the  supervision  and 
acquiescence  of  Governor  Deneen,  have  disgraced  Illi- 
nois." 

This  shameless  and  untruthful  statement  re- 
flects no  credit  upon  Judge  Dunne.  Every  one 
who  has  the  least  familiarity  with  State  politics 
remembers  the  bi-partisan  combination  which 
was  formed  in  our  General  Assembly  in  1907 
and  1908  to  defeat  me,  and  the  spurious  investi- 
gation of  the  State  charitable  institutions  which 
was  then  made  by  the  bi-partisans  in  the  hope 
of  gathering  material  sufficient  to  deceive  the 
people  about  my  administration  and  defeat  my 
re-election. 

15 


The  campaign  waged  against  me  in  1908  was 
the  most  unscrupulous,  the  most  corrupt  and 
the  most  disgraceful  ever  waged  in  our  State. 
Bi-partisan _  politics  and  bipartisan  business 
which  sought.,  special  privileges  and  unfair  ad- 
vantages joined  in  this  campaign.  You  will  re- 
member that  emblazoned  on  the  black  flag  of 
this  bi-partisan  army  was  the  legend  "For  the 
Honor  of  Illinois."  Judge  Dunne  assisted  act- 
ively in  that  campaign  and  is  entitled  to  what- 
ever credit  and  honor  may  be  due  to  him  for 
that  assistance.  After  the  election  was  over,  the 
bi-partisan  combin  ition  determined  to  unseat  me 
at  any  cost.  The  iirst  step  was  the  organization 
of  the  House  of  Representatives. .  This  was  ef- 
fected by  a  combination  of  twenty-six  Republi- 
cans, a  very  small  minority  of  the  party  repre- 
sentation, and  fifty-nine  Democrats,  a  very  large 
majority  of  the  Democratic  representation.  This 
combination  elected  the  Speaker  of  the  House  of 
Representatives  and  created  the  machinery  for 
the  jack-pot.  Its  purpose  was  to  unseat  me,  if 
possible,  and  failing  in  that  it  directed  its  ener- 
gies to  nullifying  the  work  of  my  administration. 

Later,  Senator  Lorimer  was  elected  by  a 
combination  of  fifty-five  of  the  127  Republicans 
and  fifty-three  of  the  seventy-seven  Democrats 
of  the  General  Assembly,  most  of  whom  were 
hostile  to  me  and  my  administration  and  en- 
deavored to  disgrace  and  defeat  it.  The  public 
is  familiar  with  the  methods  pursued  as  well  as 
with  the  purposes  of  this  bi-partisan  combina- 
tion. I  made  a  State  campaign  against  it  in 
1907  and  1908,  in  1910  and  again  in  1912,  and 
was  the  only  man  in  public  life  who  waged  an 
open  and  persistent  campaign  against  this  bi- 
partisan organization  which  was  the  little  brother 
of  the  jack-pot.  The  people  may  be  deluded  and 
deceived  by  the  attacks  of  the  bi-partisans,  but 
the  bi-partisans  themselves  have  not  been  con- 
fused as  to  their  interests  and  aims.  By  an  un- 
erring instinct  they  have  regarded  me  as  their 
most  dangerous  opponent  and  have  joined  to 
drive  me  out  of  public  life.  No  other  man  in 
public  life  in  our  State  has  been  so  bitterly  and 
so  continuously  pursued  by  these  forces  of  cor- 
ruption as  I  have.  And  now  that  investigation 
and  trials  in  our  courts  and  in  the  Senate  of  the 
United  States  have  made  the  facts  clear  and  the 
infamy  of  it  has  been  exposed,  it  is  no  credit  to 
Judge  Dunne  to  try  once  more  to  mislead  the 
public  regarding  the  true  character  and  purposes 
of  the  bi-partisan  organization. 

Most  of  the  men  who  formed  this  combina- 
tion are  now  either  openly  or  secretly  with  Judge 
Dunne  and  are  doing  what  they  can  to  effect 
his  election.  Judge  Dunne  is  endeavoring  by 

16 


the  calling  of  names  to  have  the  people  take  him 
seriously,  but  the  bi-partisans  understand  him. 
The  few  men  who  have  confessed  to  sharing  the 
fruits  of  the  jack-pot  belong  to  his  party.  When 
the  struggles  against  the  jack-pot  counted,  the 
Judge  was  silent,  and  his  speeches  now  are  so 
framed  as  to  give  no  individual  offense  to  them. 
The  difference  between  Judge  Dunne  and  me  on 
the  jack-pot  is  that  I  have  been  the  victim  of  its 
attacks  and  because  of  its  hatred  of  me  he  ex- 
pects to  be  a  beneficiary. 

AMENDMENTS  TO  THE  CONSTITUTION 

Third  and  last,  Judge  Dunne  has  a  universal 
cure  for  all  the  ills  of  the  body  politic  in  the 
initiative  and  referendum.  His  speeches  are 
an  amplification  of  his  platform  in  this  regard. 
The  platform  states: 

"We  protest  against  the  defiance  of  public  senti- 
ment exhibited  by  the  Governor  and  the  Republican 
Legislature  in  defeating  the  will  of  the  people  and  refusing 
to  follow  their -direction  in  the  enactment  of  the  initiative 
and  referendum." 

The  Constitution  of  the  State  provides  that 
an  amendment  to  the  Constitution  can  be  sub- 
mitted to  the  people  only  after  the  affirmative 
votes  of  two-thirds  of  the  members  of  each 
house  of  the  General  Assembly.  The  Republi- 
cans did  not  have  two-thirds  of  the  vote  in  each 
House,  and  the  Governor  has  neither  the  power 
to  initiate  an  amendment  to  the  Constitution, 
to  vote  upon  it,  or  to  veto  it.  The  State  Senate, 
which  was  friendly  to  the  administration,  passed 
the  amendment,  and  the  House,  which  was 
governed  by  the  to-partisan  organization,  de- 
feated it.  The  reasons  for  its  defeat  were  mani- 
fest. The  Constitution  prohibits  the  submission 
of  amendments  to  more  than  one  article  of  the 
Constitution  at  the  same  session.  At  the  last 
session  there  were  pending  three  proposed 
amendments  to  the  Constitution,  as  follows: 
Initiative  and  referendum;  the  reform  of  the 
revenue;  and  the  abolition  of  cumulative  voting. 
The  rivalry  among  the  friends  of  these  three 
amendments  brought  about  the  defeat  of  all. 

Our  Constitution  is  the  most  inelastic  of  the 
state  constitutions  in  its  provisions  regarding 
amendments.  I  therefore  recommended  to  the 
General  Assembly  in  extra  session,  after  the 
defeat  of  the  initiative  and  referendum,  the 
submission  of  a  proposal  to  amend  the  amend- 
ing clause  of  our  Constitution  so  as  to  permit 
the  submission  of  amendments  to  more  than 
one  article  at  the  same  session.  This  was  defeated 
also.  But  this  proposal  has  been  endorsed  and 
advocated  since  by  the  Republicans  in  their 
platform,  by  the  Democrats  and  by  the  Pro- 
gressives. It  is  plain  that  this  is  the  only  practical 
plan  by  which  our  inelastic  Constitution  can  be 

17 


liberalized  and  modernized  and  it  is  as  plain  as 
a  pike  staff  that  those  who  differ  as  to  the  pre- 
cedence of  amendments  to  the  Constitution 
should  join  in  support  of  this  amendment  in  order 
to  give  us  a  more  effective  instrument  of  govern- 
ment. The  insistence  on  any  one  of  the  other 
amendments  creates  confusion  and  prevents  the 
success  of  any. 

Keeping  in  mind  the  provision  of  the  Con- 
stitution prohibiting  the  amendment  of  more 
than  one  article  of  the  Constitution  at  one  time, 
I  desire  to  question  the  good  faith  of  Judge 
Dunne  and  his  party  in  connection  with  their 
proposed  amendments  to  the  State  Constitution. 

As  I  have  stated  heretofore,  Judge  Dunne,  in 
collaboration  with  others,  wrote  the  Democratic 
platform.  These  are  the  amendments  to  the 
Constitution  which  they  advocate  and  pledge 
themselves  to  secure: 

1.  Initiative  and  referendum. 

2.  Revision  of  the  revenue  laws. 

(A  non-partisan  commission  appointed  by  me,  of  which 
Hon.  A.  M.  Craig  of  Galesburg,  member  of  the  Supreme 
Court  for  so  many  years,  and  Hon.  Benjamin  Caldwell, 
member  of  Congress  for  a  number  of  years,  and  recently 
a  candidate  for  Governor  at  the  Democratic  primaries, 
were  the  Democratic  representatives,  joined  in  a  report 
stating  that  the  revenue  laws  cannot  be  revised  and  made 
equal  in  their  application  without  an  amendment  to  the 
Constitution.) 

3.  The  amendment  of  the  amending  clause  of  the 
Constitution. 

4.  The  short  ballot,  which  abolishes  certain  constitu- 
tional offices. 

It  will  be  observed  that  they  fail  to  mention 
the  most  important  constitutional  amendment 
of  all  in  reference  to  honest  legislation  in  our 
State — that  is,  the  abolition  of  the  system  of 
cumulative  voting  for  members  of  the  House 
of  Representatives  which  was  responsible  for 
the  bi-partisan  organization  of  the  General 
Assembly  and  the  jack-pot. 

Any  program  of  reform  which  omits  the  abo- 
lition of  cumulative  voting  is  fatally  defective 
because  it  enables  men  to  enter  or  remain  in 
public  life  in  defiance  of  public  opinion  and  the 
majority  of  the  voters.  It  affords  an  oppor- 
tunity for  minority  rule  and  for  the  maintenance 
of  corrupt  political  alliances. 

The  sum  and  substance  of  Judge  Dunne's 
campaign  is  criticism,  without  any  foundation 
in  facts,  and  promises,  without  possibility  of 
fulfillment. 

THE  BULL  MOOSE  PARTY 

In  this  connection  I  desire  to  call  attention 
to  the  platform  and  to  the  conduct  of  the  so- 
called  Bull  Moose  party  of  our  State.  This 
party  endeavors  to  out-Herod  Herod  in  its 

18 


pledges  of  amendments  to  the  Constitution. 
Remembering  its  oft  repeated  statements  that 
it  does  not  issue  a  platform  but  makes  a  contract 
with  the  people,  which,  according  to  its  candi- 
date for  Governor,  Senator  Funk,  is  "to  be 
kept  down  to  its  last  comma,"  I  call  attention 
to  what  it  will  undertake  to  do  in  the  way  of 
amending  the  Constitution. 

It  promises  the  following  constitutional  amend- 
ments : 

1.  Initiative,  referendum  and  recall. 

2.  To  amend  the  amending  clause  of  the  Constitution. 

3.  To   provide   for   the   short   ballot   by    abolishing 
constitutional  offices. 

4.  To  revise  the  revenue  law  by  giving  larger  powers 
to  the  General  Assembly. 

5.  The  recall  of  judicial  decisions. 

6.  The  abolition  of  cumulative  voting. 

7.  Woman  suffrage. 

8.  Limiting  Chicago's  representation  in  the  General 
Assembly. 

Those  who  are  familiar  with  the  provisions 
of  the  Constitution  limiting  amendments  to 
one  article  at  one  time  and  the  difficulty  of  sub- 
mitting amendments  and  having  them  adopted 
by  the  people,  would  think  the  contract  which 
the  Bull  Moose  party  seeks  to  enter  into  with 
the  people  is  not  for  a  term  of  four  years,  as 
provided  for  by  the  present  Constitution,  but 
a  ninety-nine  year  lease.  The  very  statement 
of  the  program  shows  the  utter  futility  of  its 
promised  accomplishment.  The  manifest  pur- 
pose is  to  gather  strength  by  appealing  to  citizens 
who  are  interested  in  any  phase  of  the  proposed 
constitutional  amendments  and  is  so  apparent 
as  to  deceive  no  one. 

And  the  conduct  of  the  party  is  no  more  sin- 
cere than  its  contract.  I  call  the  attention  of 
the  people  of  this  State  to  its  oft  repeated  dec- 
larations in  favor  of  a  square  deal  and  of  the 
direct  rule  of  the  people.  Let  us  try  its  own 
conduct  by  these  tests. 

In  Illinois  every  citizen  who  belonged  to  any 
political  party  had  the  right  to  go  to  the  primaries 
on  April  9th  and  to  cast  his  vote  for  the  nominees 
of  his  party  for  all  elective  offices  and  the  votes 
were  counted  as  cast.  No  one  questioned  the 
regularity  of  the  primary  election  of  April  9th 
or  the  integrity  of  the  returns.  State-wide 
campaigns  were  made  by  many  candidates  and 
the  political  situation  in  our  State  was  fully 
discussed  before  the  vote  was  had.  Men  of 
all  parties  acquiesced  in  the  result  because 
of  the  fairness  of  the  primaries.  Not  only  that 
but  our  State  gave  to  its  citizens  the  right  to 
express  their  choice  of  nominees  for  President 
of  the  United  States  and  our  presidential  pref- 
erence primary  law  is  considered  the  model  of  its 

19 


kind  in  the  country.  Few  of  the  candidates 
for  office  took 'any  part  in  the  presidential  con- 
test and  the  result  of  the  vote  on  President  was 
a  true  expression  of  the  views  of  our  people 
uninfluenced  by  party  leaders  or  factional  strife. 

One  of  the  strange  features  of  this  campaign 
is  the  contradictory  attitude  of  the  Bull  Moose 
party  in  relation  to  primary  election  laws.  It 
makes  its  appeal  to  voters  elsewhere  to  strike 
down  party  leaders  because  they  have  not  en- 
acted primary  laws  like  Illinois  has,  under 
which  the  Bull  Moose  party  won  its  first  vic- 
tory. In  Illinois,  it  makes  its  appeal  to  the 
voters  to  strike  down  those  leaders  to  whose 
persistent  effort  the  enactment  of  our  direct 
primary  election  law  was  due. 

I  was  one  of  the  delegates  to  the  Republican 
National  Convention  and  did  everything  in  my 
power  to  support  the  cause  of  Theodore  Roose- 
velt, .  not  only  voting  for  him  directly  as  in- 
structed, but  in  all  parliamentary  matters  that 
might  affect  his  candidacy  regardless  of  my 
own  individual  view  as  to  the  wisdom  of  some 
of  them.  This  was  true  of  nearly  every  dele- 
gate that  was  sent  to  the  convention  from  our 
State.  I  considered  myself  an  agent  of  our 
party  to  carry  out  its  views.  When  the  friends 
of  Colonel  Roosevelt  refused  to  take  any  further 
part  in  the  National  Republican  Convention 
and  announced  that  they  would  form  a  new 
party  the  same  day,  I  did  not  feel  that  I  was 
justified  either  in  law  or  in  morals  in  using  the 
power  conferred  upon  me  by  the  Republicans  of 
this  State,  in  forming  a  party  whose  chief  purpose 
it  was  to  destroy  the  Republican  party. 

Shortly  thereafter  a  small  body  of  men  com- 
prising five  or  more  undertook  the  organiza- 
tion of  the  third  party  in  this  State  and  issued 
a  call  for  the  selection  of  delegates. 

I  desire  to  call  attention  to  certain  phases  of 
their  conduct.  First,  the  call  was  issued  to 
select  delegates  to  choose  electors  to  their 
national  convention  and  to  make  such  other 
nominations  as,  in  the  judgment  of  the  dele- 
gates, should  be  wise.  This  was  construed  to 
mean  that  the  delegates  selected  would  deter- 
mine at  the  convention  whether  or  not  they 
would  nominate  third  party  tickets  for  Illinois. 
A  committee  consisting  of  five  gentlemen  called 
upon  me  and  the  other  State  nominees  of  the 
Republican  party  and  asked  us  whether  or  not 
we  would  support  Theodore  Roosevelt  for 
President  of  the  United  States,  and  the  Pro- 
gressive party.  The  plan  to  be  pursued  was 
for  the  regular,  legal  nominees  of  the  Republi- 
can party  to  remain  as  candidates  on  the  Re- 

20 


publican  ticket  and  control  its  machinery,  but 
to  repudiate  their  own  ticket  and  support  an- 
other hostile  to  it;  in  which  event  no  State 
candidates  were  to  be  nominated  by  the  Bull 
Moose  party  and  the  support  of  the  Bull  Moose 
party  was  to  be  accorded  to  the  State  candi- 
dates on  the  Republican  ticket.  The  price  ex- 
acted of  us  for  their  support  was  treason  to 
our  own  party.  We  were  to  keep  on  the  livery 
of  the  Republican  party  but  were  to  be  in  the 
actual  service  of  a  party  bent  on  destroying  it. 

The  Republican  State  candidates  having  re- 
fused so  to  do,  the  Advisory  Committee  of  the 
Bull  Moose  party  amended  their  call  and  an- 
nounced that  the  Advisory  Committee  would 
select  the  presiding  officer  in  each  county 
caucus;  that  no  one  would  be  permitted  to 
participate  in  the  caucus  unless  he  would  sign 
a  written  pledge  to  the  effect  that  he  would 
support  not  only  the  National  Bull  Moose 
ticket,  but  the  State  Bull  Moose  ticket  also. 
And  to  make  assurance  of  their  control  doubly 
sure  they  announced  that  the  Advisory  Com- 
mittee would  make  up  the  temporary  roll  call 
of  their  convention  and  thus  name  the  jury 
that  would  vote  upon  contests,  if  any  were 
made.  Later,  in  their  nervous  anxiety  lest  the 
delegates  in  their  individual  judgments  should 
disagree  with  the  small  Advisory  Committee 
which  had  assumed  control,  the  evening  before 
the  delegates  convened  in  convention,  they  ex- 
acted a  new  written  pledge  from  each  delegate 
that  he  would '  support  a  National  and  State 
ticket  of  the  third  party  in  Illinois. 

The  result  was  that  although  Theodore 
Roosevelt  received  266,917  votes  in  Illinois  the 
caucuses  were  poorly  attended,  a  handful  par- 
ticipating in  them  in  the  counties  outside  of 
Cook,  and  most  of  the  participants  being  dis- 
appointed office  seekers  or  defeated  factional 
leaders.  In  Chicago  and  Cook  County  the  Ad- 
visory Committee  refused  to  announce  the 
places  where  the  caucuses  would  be  held;  but 
on  the  morning  of  the  caucuses  published  the 
name  of  one  man  in  each  of  the  thirty-five 
wards  in  Chicago  and  the  six  Commissioners' 
Districts  in  Cook  County  without  giving  their 
addresses,  and  stated  that  these  men  would 
give  the  information  when  and  where  the 
caucuses  would  be  held  in  their  various  wards 
and  districts.  In  a  caucus  in  one  of  the  wards 
in  Chicago,  I  am  informed  that  fewer  than  five 
citizens  attended  the  meeting,  and,  as  no  in- 
formation was  given  in  advance  as  to  the  where- 
abouts of  the  meetings  in  the  various  wards, 
the  press  could  not  give  any  definite  information 
regarding  their  proceedings. 

21 


This  boss-ridden  method  of  organizing  a  con- 
vention, the  worst  which  has  been  witnessed 
in  our  State  for  a  generation,  was  necessary 
because  of  the  well  known  fact  that  the  great 
body  of  the  men  who  voted  for  Theodore  Roose- 
velt's nomination  for  President  of  the  United 
States  in  our  State,  felt  the  injustice  of  putting 
up  a  State  ticket  against  men  who  had  been 
nominated  themselves  at  the  same  primary 
election  and  whose  credentials  were  unques- 
tioned; for  if  these  men  had  been  permitted 
to  have  their  influence  felt  in  the  organization 
of  the  third  party  they  would  have  prevented 
such  a  scandalous  misuse  of  power. 

But  added  to  these  bad  features  we  have  two 
others  which  are  worse.  The  Bull  Moose  party 
not  only  determined  by  putting  up  a  "spite" 
ticket  to  destroy  the  Republican  party,  but 
they  determined  to  destroy  all  responsibility 
of  parties  in  this  State.  This  was  to  be  accom- 
plished by  two  methods.  First,  pretending  that 
they  expect  to  elect  their  State  ticket  in  Novem- 
ber, they  have  authorized  the  same  delegates 
who  attended  the  State  convention  to  name  but 
one  candidate  for  representative  in  each  sena- 
torial district.  This,  if  all  were  elected,  would 
represent  but  one-third  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives. Their  leaders  claim  that  they  expect 
to  elect  from  fifteen  to  twenty  representatives 
and  thereby  hold  the  balance  of  power  and  thus 
prevent  any  party  from  having  a  majority  in  the 
Illinois  House  of  Representatives,  thus  compelling 
a  bi-partisan  or  tri-partisan  organization  of  the 
House  of  Representatives.  According  to  the 
statement  of  the  leaders  they  are  to  issue  letters 
of  marque  and  reprisal  to  a  pirate  crew  commis- 
sioned to  sail  the  legislative  seas  and  to  exact 
from  those  they  meet  the  price  of  peace.  The 
experience  of  our  State  with  the  breaking  down 
of  party  government  is  too  fresh  in  the  minds 
of  the  people  to  need  recital  here.  The  bi- 
partisan organization  of  the  Illinois  House  of 
Representatives  in  1907  and  1909  and  the  tri- 
partisan  organization  of  the  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives in  1891,  when  the  F.  M.  B.  A.  with 
only  three  members  held  the  balance  of  power, 
are  not  such  as  to  invite  a  repetition  of  these 
experiences  and  scandals. 

Not  content  with  this,  however,  the  Bull 
Moose  party  in  its  platform,  which  it  says  is 
a  contract  with  the  people,  which  is  to  be  kept, 
as  its  candidate  for  Governor,  Senator  Funk, 
says:  "to  the  last  comma,"  pledges  itself  to 
amend  the  primary  law  so  that  any  citizen  could 
go  into  the  polling  booth  at  the  primary  without 
declaring  his  party  affiliations  and  vote  secretly 
his  choice  of  candidates.  This  would  extend 

22 


the  bi-partisan  or  tri-partisan  alliance  from  the 
House  of  Representatives  of  our  State  to  the 
polling  places  and  the  people,  and  so,  utterly 
destroy  party  organization  and  party  affiliation. 
It  would  enable  men  of  opposite  political  parties 
to  make  a  farce  of  party  nominations  and  party 
platforms.  Heretofore,  laws  regulating  the  cau- 
cuses and  primary  elections  have  been  made  for 
the  purpose  of  insuring  a  true  and  free  expression 
of  the  choice  of  the  party.  Should  the  Bull 
Moose  party  be  given  power  to  carry  out  their 
views,  hereafter  a  primary  would  become  a 
means  of  destroying  party  cohesion  and  insuring 
party  disintegration. 

This  is  the  program  offered  by  the  third  party 
to  the  people  of  our  State  in  the  name  of  a  square 
deal  and  a  direct  rule  of  the  people.  The  voters 
of  our  State  should  keep  in  mind  the  conduct  of 
these  leaders  and  their  principles  announced  in 
their  platform  as  they  listen  to  their  clamorous 
complaints  against  everybody  and  everything 
but  themselves  in  this  campaign. 

Let  nobody  be  deceived  as  to  what  this  means. 
Its  result  would  be  to  divide  the  forces  of  pro- 
gress in  this  State  and  to  confer  political  power 
upon  the  Democratic  party.  The  leaders  of  the 
so-called  Progressive  party  in  this  State  are  willing 
to  bring  this  about  to  gratify  their  revenge  because 
they  were  deleated  in  the  fair  primaries  of  April 
9th.  Their  State  ticket  is  a  SPITE  TICKET. 
Their  platform  is  not  meant  to  be  carried  out 
but  to  gather  sufficient  strength  to  defeat  the 
Republican  party  because  they  cannot  control 
it.  Is  it  conceivable  that  men,  who  are  unwil- 
ling to  abide  the  result  of  a  vote  which  they  do 
not  question,  will  be  able  to  keep  large  bodies  of 
men  together  so  as  to  enact  laws  and  carry  on 
administration?  Is  it  conceivable  that  men  who 
are  willing  to  wreck  all  the  progress  that  has 
been  made  in  the  last  seven  years  to  gratify  their 
revenge  will  have  the  patience  or  will  make  the 
personal  sacrifices  necessary  in  the  struggle  to 
achieve  and  execute  reforms?  The  questions 
answer  themselves. 

Our  State  is  a  progressive  State  and  its  list 
of  reforms  secured  in  the  past  seven  years  has 
been  a  notable  one.  It  includes: 

1.  Direct   primaries,    giving   to    the    citizens 
control  over  the  entrances  to  public  life. 

2.  State  Civil  Service  Laws,  making  appoint- 
ments to  the  State  service  depend  upon  merit. 

3.  The  reorganization  of  the  charitable  insti- 
tutions and  the  vast  expansion  of  their  service 
and  its  improvement. 

4.  Reform    of    the    State    Insurance    Laws, 
making  them  a  model  for  the  insurance  legisla- 
tion of  the  country. 

2:3 


5.  The   enlargement   of   the   powers    of   the 
State  over  railroads,   express  companies,   inter- 
urban  railways  and  other  public   utilities   and 
the  reduction  of  freight  and  passenger  rates  and 
enlarged  powers  to  regulate  the  service  of  these 
public  utilities. 

6.  The  revision  of  the  laws  relating  to  edu- 
cation, and  appropriations  to  enable  our  schools 
to    perform    more    adequately    their    important 
functions. 

7.  Conservation  of   the  natural  resources  of 
our  streams  and  minerals. 

8;  Labor  legislation  for  protecting  employes 
in  mines,  in  factories  and  on  railroads;  laws  re- 
lating to  child  labor;  to  the  conditions  of  labor; 
to  the  hours  of  employment  for  women;  occupa- 
tional diseases  laws;  the  hazardous  machinery 
law;  the  Workmen's  Compensation  Act,  and 
other  laws  of  a  similar  character,  greater  in 
number  and  effectiveness  than  all  those  hereto- 
fore enacted  since  the  organization  of  the  State. 

9.  Laws  relating  to  agriculture  and  appro- 
priations made  for  its  encouragement,  develop- 
ment and  diversification. 

10.  Business  Administration.    Abolishing  the 
use  of  railroad  passes  by  all  those  connected 
with  the  administration;  the  letting  of  all  con- 
tracts in  the  presence  of  the  bidders;  making  of 
no     deficiency    appropriations;    freedom    from 
scandals  in  relation  to  any  and  all  contracts 
which  have  been  let ;  the  introduction  of  uniform 
bookkeeping  in  State  institutions  and  depart- 
ments; the  itemization  of  accounts  of  agents  of 
the  State  and  of  all  expenses  incident  to  their 
work. 

11.  The  auditing  of  all  public  accounts  by  an 
institution  auditor,  connected  with  the  Govern- 
or's office. 

12.  Payment  for  the  first  time  in  our  State's 
history  of  interest  upon  public  funds  amounting 
in  the  aggregate  to  $259,704.55. 

The  expenditures  of  all  sums  of  money  have 
been  made  during  the  past  seven  years  without 
a  question  as  to  the  outlay  of  a  single  dollar. 

13.  The  institution  of  suit  against  the  Illi- 
nois Central  to  recover  large  amounts  due  the 
State. 

14.  The   unification   of   the   control    of   the 
eighteen  charitable  institutions  under  the  Board 
of  Administration  and  the  economies  which  have 
resulted  therefrom. 

15.  Changing  the  character  of  employment  in 
our  State  penitentiaries  and  reformatory  and  de- 
voting it  nearly  exclusively  to  work  for  the  State 
and  its  agencies. 

16.  Creation  in  1905  of  the  State  Geological 
Survey  for  the  exhaustive  study  of  the  mineral. 

24 


resources  of  the  State  and  for  the  study  of  our 
streams  and  reclamation  work. 

17.  Creation  of  the  State  Fire  Marshal's  De- 
partment. 

18.  Creation  of  the  State  Highway  Commis- 
sion. 

19.  Revision  of  the  pure  food  laws,  placing 
them  on  a  level  with  the  national  pure  food 
laws. 

20.  Saving  for  the   State  the   right   to   the 
water  power  in  the  Desplaines  and  Illinois  rivers 
by  the  institution  of  suits  and  carrying  the  same 
to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United  States. 

21.  Abolition  of  justice  of  the  peace  courts  in 
the  City  of  Chicago. 

22.  Abolition  of  township  governments  in  the 
City  of  Chicago. 

23.  Extension  of  the  term  of  the  mayor  of 
Chicago  from  two  to  four  years. 

24.  Act   providing   for   the   imposition   of   a 
wheeled-vehicle  tax  in  cities. 

25.  Act  authorizing  the  City  of  Chicago  to  fix 
the  rates  for  gas  and  electricity  for  power,  heat- 
ing and  lighting  purposes. 

26.  Act  authorizing  cities  to  construct,  main- 
tain and  operate  harbors,  docks  and  other  term- 
inal facilities  for  commercial  purposes. 

27.  Various  acts  authorizing  bond  issues  for 
the  improvement  and  extension  of  Chicago  parks 
and  boulevards. 

28.  Various  acts  to  enable  Chicago  park  dis- 
tricts to  create  small  parks  in  congested  areas  of 
the  city,  in  which  Chicago  has  taken  the  lead 
among  the  cities  of  the  country. 

These  and  like  reforms  present  a  list  which  is 
not  surpassed  by  that  of  any  of  the  states  during 
this  time.  Our  State  is  not  a  reactionary  state, 
but  is  a  progressive  one.  Its  administration  has 
kept  pace  with  the  advancing  ideas  and  senti- 
ments of  our  people.  The  present  campaign  in 
our  State,  so  far  as  the  State  candidates  are  con- 
cerned, is  to  be  waged  upon  its  record.  We  shall 
present  it  to  the  people  in  all  parts  of  the  State 
as  the  best  test  of  the  character  of  the  present 
administration  and  the  best  lecommendation  and 
assurance  for  the  future. 

In  this  campaign,  the  candidates,  their  admin- 
istrations or  their  platforms  are  not  the  most  im- 
portant issues.  The  existence  of  the  Republican 
party  itself  is  at  stake.  Men  who  sought  nomin- 
ations at  its  hands  at  the  free  primaries  in  'April 
last  are  now  banded  together  to  strike  at  its  life. 
Shall  Illinois  join  in  striking  down  the  party 
with  which  its  name  will  be  forever  associated 
in  war  and  peace?  Shall  the  State  of  Illinois 
declare  that  the  party  of  Abraham  Lincoln  has 
outlived  its  usefulness  and  must  perish? 

25 


Governor  Deenen  made  his  campaign  for  nomi- 
nation and  election  in  1904  on  the  following 
platform : 

1.  Compulsory  primary  law. 

2.  Civil  service  law  for  state  institutions. 

3.  Rehabilitation  of  state  charitable  institu- 
tions. 

4.  Amendment  to  the  constitution  permitting 
special  legislation  for  Chicago. 

CHAPTER  I. 
Primary  Election  Laws. 

In  the  primary  campaign  preceding  the  general 
election  of  1904,  Governor  Deneen  was  the  only 
candidate  who  made  a  state  wide  campaign  in 
favor  of  a  primary  election  law.  It  was  to  his 
persistent  advocacy,  more  than  to  any  other 
single  cause,  that  the  movement  which  led  to 
the  passage  of  the  present  primary  election  law 
was  due. 

The  first  sentence  in  Governor  Deneen's  first 
inaugural  message  declared:  "Our  state  needs  a 
compulsory  primary  election  law,"  and  at  the 
following  session  the  General  Assembly  enacted 
the  primary  election  law  which  became  effective 
June  1,  1905.  The  vote  upon  this  measure  was 
as  follows:  House  of  Representatives,  for  the 
bill:  Republicans  84,  Democrats  28;  against  the 
bill:  Democrats  18,  Prohibitionists  1,  Socialists 
1.  In  the  Senate,  for  the  bill:  Republicans  40, 
Democrats  1.  Against  the  bill:  Republicans  1, 
Democrats  3.  (The  votes  necessary  to  pass  a 
bill  are,  in  the  House  77  and  in  the  Senate  26.) 

This  law  was  declared  unconstitutional  by  the 
Supreme  Court  April  5,  1906,  and  on  the  same 
day  Governor  Deneen  issued  a  proclamation 
convening  the  General  Assembly  on  April  10, 
five  days  later,  to  take  up  the  consideration  of  a 
primary  election  measure. 

A  bill  was  enacted  at  the  extra  session  called 
by  the  Governor  by  the  following  vote:  In  the 
House,  for  the  bill,  77  (the  exact  number  neces- 
sary for  its  passage);  against  the  bill,  61.  The 
affirmative  votes  were  all  Republicans,  except 
one,  a  Prohibitionist,  and  the  negative  votes 
were  Democrats,  56;  Republicans,  5.  In  the 
Senate :  For  the  bill,  37 ;  against  the  bill,  none. 

On  October  2,  1907,  this  law  was  also  declared 
unconstitutional  by  the  Supreme  Court.  At  the 
time,  the  General  Assembly,  which  had  adjourned 
May  10,  1907,  was  in  recess,  the  time  fixed  for 
reconvening  being  October  8.  On  that  date,  the 

26 


Governor  addressed  to  the  General  Assembly 
a  special  message  urging  the  enactment  of  a  third 
primary  law.  Shortly  after  convening,  the  Gen- 
eral Assembly  took  several  short  recesses  without 
having  accomplished  anything  in  the  way  of  the 
enactment  of  a  primary  election  law,  and  at  length 
took  an  adjournment  until  November  26.  At  that 
time,  it  was  the  general  opinion  that  the  effort 
for  a  primary  election  law  would  fail.  During 
this  recess,  therefore,  Governor  Deneen  went 
out  into  the  State  and  before  the  reconvening  of 
the  General  Assembly  and  made  a  campaign 
for  a 'primary  election  law  in  fifty-three  counties 
in  the  State,  and  again  was  the  only  man  to 
make  such  a  campaign. 

Upon  reconvening  November  26,  the  General 
Assembly  passed  a  third  primary  election  law 
by  the  following  vote:  In  the  House,  for  the 
bill,  Republicans  50,  Democrats  30,  Prohibition- 
ists 3;  against  the  bill,  Republicans,  19,  Demo- 
crats, 15.  In  the  Senate,  for  the  bill,  Republicans 
36,  Democrats  5.  Against  the  bill,  Republicans 
3,  Democrats  1. 

On  June  16,  1909,  the  Supreme  Court  declared 
this  law  unconstitutional,  and  on  December  14, 
1909,  Governor  Deneen  reconvened  the  General 
Assembly  in  special  session  to  enact,  among 
other  things,  a  fourth  primary  election  law. 
The  law  was  enacted  and  this  law  was  declared 
constitutional  by  the  Supreme  Court  in  the  case 
of  People  vs.  Charles  S.  Deneen,  247  111.,  p.  281, 
and  at  last  we  have  a  constitutional  primary 
law  upon  our  statute  books. 

PRESIDENTIAL  PREFERENCE  PRIMARY  LAW. 

A  strong  movement  existed  for  the  passage  of 
a  presidential  preference  primary  law.  The 
General  Assembly  was  accordingly  convened  in 
extraordinary  session  on  March  26,  1912,  to 
consider  the  passage  of  such  a  law.  The  matter 
was  submitted  to  the  General  Assembly  by  the 
Governor  in  a  special  message  in  which  he  urged 
the  enactment  of  a  presidential  preference 
primary  law  with  an  emergency  clause  so  as  to 
make  it  effective  at  the  primaries  of  April  9, 
1912.  The  law  was  passed  by  the  following 
vote:  In  the  House,  Republicans  71,  Democrats 
31,  Independents  2;  in  the  Senate,  Republicans 
29,  Democrats  8. 

This  is  the  history  of  the  struggle  for  a  primary 
election  law  in  this  State.  The  change  introduced 
into  the  system  of  nominating  party  candidates 
has  been  far-reaching.  For  the  rules  of  the  party 
committees  the  laws  of  the  State  have  been  sub- 
stituted and  have  thrown  around  the  nomination 
of  party  candidates  the  same  legal  safeguards  as 
our  general  election  laws  place  about  the  election 

27 


of  public  officers;  and  it  is  worthy  of  note  that, 
despite  the  repeated  invalidating  of  primary 
election  laws  by  the  Supreme  Court,  no  nomina- 
tion of  party  candidates  has  been  made  under 
the  old  system  since  Governor  Deneen  was  first 
elected  Governor,  but  every  candidate  has  been 
nominated  at  primary  elections  by  the  party 
voters. 

In  this  connection  it  may  be  well  to  allude  to 
certain  criticisms  which  are  being  leveled  at  the 
practice  of  holding  party  caucuses  for  the  dis- 
cussion of  party  principles  and  the  consideration 
of  party  candidates.  This  is  not  the  first  time 
that  this  question  has  been  raised.  Four  years 
ago  substantially  the  same  criticism  was  in- 
dulged in.  But  it  must  be  remembered  that  since 
that  time  a  new  primary  election  law  has  been 
enacted  and  like  all  its  predecessors,  this  law 
does  not  prohibit  either  by  letter  or  spirit  the 
holding  of  such  caucuses.  The  criticism  is 
without  foundation.  Not  only  is  the  party 
caucus  or  conference  not  prohibited  by  our 
primary  law,  either  in  terms  or  by  the  remotest 
implication,  but  it  is  safe  to  say  that  no  law 
could  be  drafted  under  our  constitution,  which 
would  prohibit  such  caucuses  or  conferences. 
The  party  caucus  is  one  of  the  oldest  political  insti- 
tutions of  our  country.  One  of  its  purposes  is  the 
discussion  of  the  qualifications  of  various  persons 
as  candidates  for  public  office,  and  the  men 
participating  in  it  have  as  much  right  to  express 
their  individual  opinions  or  joint  opinions  upon 
these  questions  as  any  other  class  of  citizens. 
Surely,  if  civic  federations,  bar  associations  and 
other  organizations  established  for  the  improve- 
ment of  political  and  social  conditions  may  not 
only  discuss  the  qualifications  of  party  candidates 
in  advance  of  their  nomination,  but  may  publish 
the  results  of  their  discussions  and  investigations 
and  make  recommendations  to  the  voters  as  to 
whom  they  should  or  should  not  support,  there 
can  be  no  valid  objection  to  party  leaders  or 
those  familiar  with  party  and  public  affairs  so 
doing. 

In  our  political  system,  the  practice  of  holding 
such  party  gatherings  has  been  universal.  The 
Democrats  and  Republicans,  the  Prohibitionists 
and  Socialists  have  found  it  necessary ;  and  whether 
they  did  so  or  not  could  in  no  wise  affect  this 
question.  They  would  have  a  perfect  right  to 
do  so,  and  in  doing  so  would  be  violating  neither 
the  spirit  nor  the  letter  of  the  primary  law.  No 
matter  how  many  party  factions,  or  how  many 
organizations  of  citizens  may  make  their  recom- 
mendations to  the  voter,  he  is  the  final  judge, 
and  in  the  secrecy  of  the  election  booth  can  mark 
his  ballot  as  he  sees  fit  and  deposit  it  with  as 

28 


complete  secrecy  in  the  ballot  box  where  his 
vote  is  decisive. 

In  one  other  matter,  a  criticism  which  has 
already  been  answered  conclusively,  may  as  well 
be  set  right  here.  It  has  been  asserted  that  the 
primary  election  law  was  violated  by  the  action 
of  the  convention  in  which  Hon.  John  F.  Smulski 
received  the  Republican  nomination  for  the  State 
treasurership  and  Hon.  Lewis  Rinaker  the  Repub- 
lican nomination  for  judge  of  the  County  Court 
of  Cook  County. 

Under  the  primary  law  in  effect  at  the  time  of 
these  nominations,  delegates  to  the  State  conven- 
tion were  pledged  to  cast  their  vote  upon  first 
ballot  for  the  candidates  for  whom  they  had  been 
instructed.  This  was  done  in  the  cases  referred 
to,  and  as  a  majority  of  the  delegates  had  been 
instructed  to  support  Mr.  Smulski  and  Mr. 
Rinaker,  they  were  nominated  in  precise  com- 
pliance with  the  terms  of  the  law,  which  was 
mandatory  on  this  subject. 

CHAPTER  II. 
State  Civil  Service  Law. 

The  second  plank  of  Governor  Deneen's  plat- 
form in  1904  pledged  the  enactment  of  a  civil 
service  law  for  the  State  institutions,  and  in  his 
first  message  to  the  General  Assembly,  January 
9,  1905,  he  advocated  the  passage  of  such  a  law. 
The  General  Assembly  at  that  session  enacted  our 
first  State  Civil  Service  Law.  It  applied  to  the 
seventeen  State  charitable  institutions  and  went 
into  effect  November  1,  1905.  The  number  of 
employes  transferred  at  tha^  time  from  a  pol- 
itical to  a  merit  basis  of  appointment  under  this 
law  was  2,269. 

Through  the  influence  of  Governor  Deneen,  a 
plank  was  introduced  into  the  Republican  State 
platform  of  1910  pledging  the  Republican  party 
to  the  enactment  of  a  state-wide  civil  service  law, 
which  was  recommended  in  Governor  Deneen's 
biennial  message  of  1911  and  was  enacted  at  the 
following  session,  becoming  effective  July  1,  1911. 

The  Illinois  Civil  Service  Law  now  embraces  ap- 
proximately 4,700  out  of  5,500  State  employes  or 
80  per  cent  of  the  entire  State  service.  The  federal 
civil  service  law  was  enacted  in  1883.  It  now  em- 
braces 230,000  out  of  a  total  of  370,000  employes, 
or  60  per  cent  of  the  federal  service.  The  Wis- 
consin civil  service  law  was  enacted  in  1905;  1,057 
out  of  2,831  employes  of  that  state  are  now  in 
the  competitive  division  of  the  civil  service,  or 
slightly  more  than  30  per  cent.  The  remarkable 
rapidity  of  the  advance  of  the  application  of  civil 
service  principles  to  the  Illinois  service  is  evident 
from  the  above  comparison. 

.29 


Up  to  January  1,  1912,  22,029  persons  had 
applied  for  examination ;  9,462  appointments  had 
been  made;  7,822  persons  had  resigned,  and 
2,254  had  been  discharged  for  various  causes,  such 
as  disobedience,  negligence,  inefficiency,  drunken- 
ness, etc. 

The  assessment  of  State  employes  for  political 
purposes,  which  Governor  Deneen  pledged  him- 
self to  abolish  when  he  was  first  candidate  for 
Governor,  was  eliminated  by  his  order  in  all  State 
institutions  when  he  assumed  office,  and  now 
under  the  State  Civil  Service  Law  such  assessments 
are  prohibited. 

A  new  feature  in  regard  to  the  administration  of 
the  State  Civil  Service  Law  has  been  established, 
providing  for  an  efficiency  record  of  each  employe, 
showing  the  days  he  works  and  the  character  of 
his  service.  If  his  efficiency  record  falls  below 
70  per  cent  for  three  months  he  is  discharged. 
The  service  has  been  greatly  improved  and  its 
efficiency  raised  under  this  system.  No  business 
institution  in  the  State  has  a  better  system  of 
checks  upon  its  employes  and  their  service. 

CHAPTER  III. 
State  Charitable  Institutions. 

One  of  the  planks  upon  which  Governor  Deneen 
made  his  campaign  in  1904  pledged  "the  changing 
of  our  insane  hospitals  from  custodial  to  curative 
institutions  and  the  rehabilitation  of  State  chari- 
table institutions." 

The  rehabilitation  and  general  reorganization 
of  the  administration  of  our  State  charitable  serv- 
ice has  been  conducted  along  three  lines: 

PHYSICAL  REHABILITATION. 

One  of  the  steps  which  was  taken  for  the 
improvement  of  the  service  in  our  State  charita- 
ble institutions,  shortly  after  Governor  Deneen 's 
first  inauguration  as  Governor,  was  the  making 
of  a  physical  survey  of  the  buildings  and  equip- 
ment of  these  institutions.  In  1905,  under  his 
direction,  the  State  Architect  and  a  consulting 
engineer  made  a  complete  survey  of  the  State 
buildings  in  this  service  and  prepared  a  report  to 
the  Governor  and  the  General  Assembly  as  to 
their  condition,  improvements  necessary  and  the 
estimated  cost  of  such  improvements.  This  report 
was  made  the  basis  of  recommendations  for  ap- 
propriations, and,  though  the  appropriations 
received  were  inadequate  to  carry  out  completely 
the  extensive  plans  of  improvement  set  forth  in 
the  report,  the  work  has  gone  forward  and  is  still 
in  progress,  as  fast  as  the  funds  available  will 
permit.  The  present  condition  of  these  buildings 
and  their  equipment  are  in  marked  and  very 

30 


favorable  contrast  with  those  formerly  prevailing, 
and  our  institutions  will  now  bear  favorable  com- 
parison with  those  of  any  other  state. 

(For  a  detailed  statement  of  new  buildings 
erected  and  other  improvements  made,  see 
Chapter  XVII  on  State  Architect  and  New 
Buildings  and  Improvements.)  • 

MEDICAL  AND  NURSING  SERVICE. 

1.  There  has  been  established  at  the  Kankakee 
State   Hospital  for  the   Insane  a  Psychopathic 
Institute  for  the  education  and  training  of  State 
hospital  physicians  in  nervous  and  mental  dis- 
orders, their  symptoms,  methods  of  treatment  and 
cure;  and,  further,  for  scientific  investigation  into 
the  causes  of  insanity  looking  to  the  discovery  of 
cures  for  forms  now  incurable.     The  physicians 
employed  by  the  State  are  required  to  attend  this 
institute  from  six  weeks  to  three  months  each 
year.     When  the  Illinois  Psychopathic  Institute 
was  established  there  was  only  one  other  such 
institute  in  the  United  States,  that  at  Ann  Arbor, 
Michigan. 

2.  There  has  been  established  in  the  hospitals 
for  the  insane  at  Kankakee,  Elgin,  Watertown, 
Bartonville,    Jacksonville    and    Anna,    Psycho- 
pathic Hospitals,  where  new  patients  are  received, 
their    cases    carefully   diagnosed    by   the    entire 
hospital  staff  of  physicians  and  the  curable  and 
the  non-curable  cases  classified. 

3.  Mechanical  restraints  have  been  abandoned 
and  in  their  place  the  mild  hydrotherapeutic, 
or  water,  treatment  of  the  insane  substituted. 
The  apparatus  installed  in  the  State  hospitals 
for  this  treatment  is  equal  to  that  found  in  the 
best  private  or  public  institutions  in  the  world. 

4.  There  has  been  a  complete  reorganization 
of   the  medical   administration  in  hospitals  for 
the  insane  with  uniform  records  and  laboratories 
established  in  each,  looking  to  the  most  humane 
and  scientific  system  of  care  and  cure. 

5.  The  segregation  of  consumptives  in  quart- 
ers especially  adapted  to  such  purposes  has  been 
provided  for,  to  protect  those  not  having  con- 
sumption from  infection,  and  to  cure  or  improve 
those  suffering  from  the  "great  white  plague." 

6.  Compulsory  training  schools  for  nurses  and 
attendants  at  which  nurses  and  attendants  art 
required  to  pursue  courses  of  study  from  two 
to  four  years  have  been  established,  with  con- 
ferring of  certificates  and  diplomas  upon  graduates 
therefrom. 

7.  New  buildings  of  the  pure  hospital  type 
for  the  treatment  of  new  cases  of  insanity  and 
of  insane  persons  suffering  from  other  forms  of 
disease,  such  as  pneumonia,  typhoid  fever,  etc., 
have  been  erected. 

31 


8.  Systems  of  industrial  re-education  of  the 
chronic  insane,  which  abolish  the  curse  of  idleness, 
fit  many  cases  for  discharge  from  the  hospitals 
and  save  the  State  money,  have  been  introduced. 

9.  A  law  was  passed  in  1909  providing  for 
complete  State   care  of  the  insane.     Under  it 
1,500  patients  have  been  taken  out  of  the  alms 
houses  of  the  State,  where  they  had  been  kept 
without    adequate    medical    treatment    or    care, 
and  transferred  to  curative  State  hospitals,  where 
they   are   receiving  the   best  medical   care   and 
treatment  (only  80  patients  now  remain  in  county 
almshouses),   and  on  July   1st  2,500  additional 
patients  were  transferred  from  the  Cook  County 
institution  at  Dunning.     This  change  marks  an 
epoch  in  the  public  care  of  the  insane  in  this 
State. 

10.  Dietitians    are    employed   to    prepare    a 
healthful,  nutritious  and  varied  dietary  for  the 
state    charitable    institutions,    and    a    monthly 
statement  is  sent  to  each  institution  by  the  State 
Board  of  Administration,  giving  a  summary  of 
the  dietaries  of  all  institutions. 

STATE  VISITATION  OF  CHILDREN. 

In  1905  the  act  creating  the  office  of  State 
Agent  for  the  Visitation  of  Children  was  passed, 
and  a  State  Agent  appointed  thereunder.  The 
General  Assembly  in  1905  made  an  appropriation 
of  $4,500  per  year  for  carrying  on  the  work;  in 
1907  the  appropriation  was  increased  to  $5,500 
per  year,  and  in  1909  to  $11,300  per  year,  per- 
mitting the  extension  of  the  work.  Last  year 
there  was  but  one  visitor  engaged  under  the 
State  Agent.  This  year  there  will  be  three. 

In  1911  another  act  was  passed  providing  for 
the  maintenance  of  children  of  poor  and  worthy 
parents  at  their  own  homes,  subject  to  the 
friendly  visitation  of  a  public  officer.  The 
amount  allowed  in  such  cases  has  been  left 
entirely  to  the  discretion  of  the  court,  upon 
whose  order  the  county  board  is  directed  to  pay 
the  amount  designated  to  the  parents  of  such 
dependent  children. 

STATE  BOARD  OF  ADMINISTRATION. 

The  administration  of  the  State  charitable 
institutions  has  been  changed  from  supervision 
exercised  by  local  boards  of  trustees  for  each 
institutions  to  that  of  a  central  State  body,  the 
State  Board  of  Administration,  in  which  all 
general  administrative  powers  are  lodged,  and 
the  members  of  which  devote  their  entire  time 
to  the  performance  of  this  work. 

The  change  has  been  beneficial  in  many  ways. 
It  has  effected  a  great  saving  in  the  cost  of  main- 
taining the  institutions.  Comparing  ordinary 

32 


operating  expenses  for  the  years  1910  and  1911 
with  those  for  the  year  1909,  the  last  year  under 
the  management  of  boards  of  trustees,  there 
has  been  a  reduction  in  the  per  capita  expense 
of  maintaining  the  17  State  charitable  institutions 
for  the  two  years  of  $483,106.89;  or,  comparing 
for  the  same  periods  the  bills  incurred  for  ordinary 
current  expenses,  there  has  been  a  saving  of 
$389,802.63. 

The  general  result  has  been  a  great  increase 
in  efficiency,  accompanied  by  greater  economy 
and  uniformity  in  the  service,  and  in  the  manage- 
ment of  her  hospitals  for  the  insane  and  charita- 
ble institutions  generally,  Illinois  institutions 
will  now  bear  favorable  comparison  with  any 
similar  institutions  in  this  country  or  Europe. 

The  public  will  recall  the  difficulties  encount- 
ered in  elevating  the  State  charitable  institutions, 
and  their  service  to  the  plane  they  now  occupy. 
This  was  one  of  the  most  difficult  contests  that 
has  been  waged  in  the  politics  of  our  State.  The 
contractors  who  had  supplied  the  institutions; 
the  coal  merchants  who  had  sold  them  coal;  the 
men  who  had  filled  the  insitutions  with  their 
friends  and  followers;  those  who  had  levied  5 
per  cent  assessments  for  slush  funds  with  which 
to  wage  campaigns;  physicians,  nurses  and 
attendants  who  were  opposed  to  the  establish- 
ment of  a  new  order  of  things;  and  the  con- 
tractors who  saw  in  the  proposed  changes  the 
end  of  favoritism— all  joined  in  opposing  them. 

And  their  joint  attack  was  directed  by  mem- 
bers of  the  General  Assembly,  who  sought,  by  a 
spurious  investigation  of  the  State  charitable 
institutions  when  Governor  Deneen  was  making 
his  campaign  for  renomination,  to  create  enough 
prejudice  against  him  to  defeat  him  and  reverse 
his  progressive  program  for  the  State  charitable 
institutions  and  return  to  the  old  ways.  The 
State  was  filled  with  their  clamor  until  the 
primaries  and  elections  were  over,  when  it  sub- 
sided and  has  never  been  heard  of  since. 

CHAPTER  IV. 
Special  Legislation  for  Chicago. 

The  fourth  plank  in  Governor  Deneen's  plat- 
form for  1904  was  the  adoption  of  a  constitutional 
amendment  permitting  special  legislation  for 
the  City  of  Chicago  and  the  enactment  of  such 
special  legislation.  At  the  general  election  of 
1904  a  constitutional  amendment  was  adopted. 
Under  this  provision  of  the  constitution,  or  under 
the  general  law  governing  cities  and  villages, 
much  legislation  of  special  interest  to  Chicago 
has  been  enacted  during  Governor  Deneen's 
two  terms,  of  which  the  following  is  among  the 
more  important: 

33 


1.  The    act    abolishing    the    jurisdiction    of 
justices  of  the  peace  of  Cook  County  in  the  City 
of  Chicago  and  establishing  in  lieu  thereof  28 
municipal    courts     of     record.     The     work     of 
this  court  has  attracted  national  attention,  and 
the  Illinois  law  under  which  it  was  organized 
has  served  as  a  model  for  New  York  in  estab- 
lishing the  municipal  courts  of  New  York  City 
and  Buffalo;  in  Ohio  for  the  municipal  court  of 
Cleveland;  and  in  Wisconsin  for  the  municipal 
court  of  Milwaukee. 

2.  The   act   providing   for   the   abolition   of 
township  governments  within  the  City  of  Chicago 
and  the  substitution  therefor  of  a  unified  city 
government. 

3.  The   act   providing  for   the   extension   of 
the  term  of  office  of  the  mayor  of  Chicago  from 
two  to  four  years. 

4.  The  act  providing  for  the  imposition  of 
a  tax  upon  wheeled-vehicles  to  be  devoted  to  the 
maintenance    and    improvement   of   the    public 
thoroughfares. 

5.  The  act  authorizing  the  City  of  Chicago 
to  fix  the  rates  for  gas  and  electricity  for  power, 
heating   and   lighting   purposes.     It   was   under 
the  authority  conferred  by  this  law  that  the  City 
of  Chicago  reduced  its  gas  rates  from  one  dollar 
to  85  cents  per  thousand  cubic  feet,  and  that  the 
present  effort  to  secure  still  lower  rates  is  being 
made. 

6.  The  act  of  1911  authorizing  cities  to  con- 
struct, maintain  and  operate  harbors,  docks  and 
other  terminal  facilities  for  commercial  purposes. 
The  provisions  of  this  act  will  enable  Chicago 
to    create    a   municipally   owned    and   operated 
harbor  and  insure  the  future  growth  of  the  port 
of  Chicago. 

7.  Various  acts  authorizing  bond  issues  for 
the  improvement  and  extension  of  Chicago  park 
and  boulevard  systems. 

8.  The  various  acts  passed  to  enable  the  Chi- 
cago park  districts  to  create  small  parks  in  con- 
gested areas  of  the  city,  in  which  Chicago  has 
taken  the  lead  among  the  cities  of  the  country. 

CHAPTER  V. 
State  Revenues  and  Expenditures. 

Under  Governor  Deneen's  administration  the 
State  finances  have  been  maintained  in  excellent 
condition.  At  the  end  of  the  first  two  years  of 
his  first  administration  there  was  in  the  State 
treasury  a  net  balance  of  $4,342,750.20,  or 
$2,284,750.77  more  than  the  net  balance  on  hand 
two  years  before.  The  net  balances  on  hand  in 
the  State  treasury  for  the  years  given  were  as 
follows: 

34 


1911 $3,753,285.40 

1909 3,207,695.43 

1907 4,342,750.20 

1905 2,057,999.43 

1903 2,812,315.49 

1901 1,820,272.53 

1899 1,786,605.27 

1897 175,847.03 

Attention  has  been  called  to  the  increase  in 
appropriations  for  State  purposes  during  the 
Deneen  administrations.  This  is  accounted  for 
by  the  progressive  assumption  by  the  State  of 
new  functions,  the  great  extension  and  improve- 
ment of  the  work  already  undertaken,  the 
erection  of  many  new  buildings  and  other  items 
of  extraordinary  expenditure  which  have  nothing 
to  do  with  the  general  appropriations  made  to 
meet  ordinary  expenditures  for  State  purposes. 
Among  these  items  of  extraordinary  expendi- 
tures the  following  may  be  mentioned,  together 
with  the  vote  in  favor  of  same: 

Made  during  Governor  Deneen's  first  term: 
Increased   appropriations   for  rehabilitation  of 

State  charitable  institutions $1,438,782 

Vote    on    increased    appropriations — Senate, 
33 — 0;  House,  88 — 0.     Increased  special  ap- 
propriations—Senate, 37 — 0;  House,  99 — -0. 
Special   appropriation   for   Seventh    Regiment 

Armory 150,000 

Vote— Senate,  33-rO;  House,  128—0. 
Increased  appropriation  University  of  Illinois.      862,255 
Vote,   increased   ordinary   expenses — Senate, 
44 — 0;  House,  133 — 0.     Special  appropria- 
tions—Senate, 41—0;  House,  103—0. 
Special    appropriation    Second    Regiment    Ar- 
mory and  Rifle  Range 44,000 

Vote— Senate,  38—0;  House,  141—0. 
Special  appropriation  Illinois  Central  case,  for 
the  Governor,   $100,000;  for  the  Attorney 

General,  $50,000 ' 150,000 

Vote,  Governor— Senate,  42 — 0;  House,  128 
— 2;     Attorney   General — Senate,     41 — 0; 
House,  135— 0. 
Special  appropriation  State  Normal  building  at 

Carbondale 50,000 

Vote— Senate,  37—0;  House,  133—0. 
Special  appropriation  Eastern  Illinois  Normal 

at  Charleston 100,000 

Vote— Senate,  37—0;  House,  133—0. 
Special    appropriation    for    Normal    School   at 

Normal 110,000 

Vote — Senate,  37—0;  House,  133—0. 
Special  appropriation  for  site  for  new  peniten- 
tiary       500,000 

Vote— Senate,  37—0;  House,  110—0. 
Special  appropriation  for  new  supreme  court 

building 285,000 

Vote— Senate,  41—0;  House,  114—0. 

Total $3,690,037 

Made  during  Governor  Deneen's  second  term : 

New  hall,  University  of  Illinois $    250,000 

Vote— Senate,  36—3;  House.  126— 0. 
New  building,   Northern  Normal  School,   De- 

Kalb 75,000 

Vote— Senate,  36 — 0;House,  108—0. 

Biological  laboratory,  live  stock 20,000 

Vote— Senate,  30—0;  House,  81—25. 

35 


Relief    of    survivors    and    widows    of    Cherry 

miners $    100,000 

Vote— Senate,  41—0;  House,  114—0. 
Relief  of  earthquake  sufferers,  Italy  and  Sicily .        10,000 
Vote— Senate,  47—0;  House,  141—0. 

Mine  rescue  station  in  coal  fields 75,000 

Vote— Senate,  36—0;  House,  103—0. 
Permanent  improvements  State  charitable  in- 
stitutions       322,000 

Vote— Senate,  46—0;  House,  119—0. 

Total $    852,000 

Special  appropriations  made  by  General  As- 
sembly in  1911: 

New  State  penitentiary  (re-appropriated) $    500,000 

Vote— Senate,  43—0;  House,  115—0. 

Starved  Rock  park  purchase 151,000 

Vote— Senate,  39—0:  House,  111—2. 

New  hospital  for  insane 500,000 

Vote— Senate,  43—0:  House,  117—1. 

Surgical  Institute  for  Children 75,000 

\\)te— Senate,  43—0;  House,  98—0. 
Taking  over  Dunning  Hospital  for  Insane  (2 

bills) 583,000 

Vote— Senate,  32—0  and  33—0;  House,  91— 
0  and  90—1. 

State  Fair  buildings 215,000 

Vote— Senate,  32—1;  House,  105—0. 

New  armory  for  National  Guard 395,000 

Vote— Senate,  29—0;  House,  117—2. 
New  buildings  and  land  for  University  of  Illi- 
nois        868,500 

Vote— Senate,  29 — 0;  House,  97—2. 

New  buildings  for  five  Normal  Schools 386,085 

Vote — Senate,  39 — 0;  House,  83 — 0;  Senate, 
39—0;  House,  121—0;  Senate,  40—0; 
House,  120—0;  Senate,  34—1;  House, 
'94—0;  Senate,  48—0;  House,  114—0. 

Increased  appropriations  for  school  funds 2,000,000 

Vote— Senate,  26—1 ;  House,  98—0. 

Monument,  Edwards  Historical 5,000 

Vote— Senate,  36—0;  House,  107—0. 
Monument,  Equality,  Michael  Kelly  Lawler .  . .          5,000 
Vote— Senate,  44—2;  House,  111—0. 

Monument,  Kenesaw  Mountain 20,000 

Vote— Senate,  43—0;  House,  82—0. 
Biological  laboratory  for  Live  Stock  Commis- 
sion            3,000 

Vote— Senate,  36 — 0;  House,  120—0. 
New    electric    light    plant    and    stone    plant. 

Southern  Illinois  Penitentiary 50,000 

Vote— Senate,  41—0;  House,  124—0. 

Appropriations  made  in  lieu  of  fees 1,837,000 

Vote,  Omnibus  Bill — Senate,  26—1;  House, 

98—0. 

Permanent  improvement  State  charitable  insti- 
tutions       808,595 

Total $8,402,180 

Number  of  members  of  House 153 

Number  of  members  of  Senate 51 

(Note — The  item,  "Appropriations  in  lieu  of  fees," 
was  made  necessary  by  the  enactment  in  1911  of  the  law 
requiring  that  fees  earned  and  collected  by  commissions 
and  departments  should  be  turned  into  the  State  treasury 
and  withdrawn  therefrom  only  upon  appropriations  made 
by  the  General  Assembly.  Heretofore  these  fees  were 
kept  in  special  funds,  such  as  the  State  Game  Protection 
Fund,  the  State  Fish  Protection  Fund  and  the  State 
Food  Commissioners'  Fund,  and  were  withdrawn  from 
the  State  treasury,  without  appropriations,  by  the  de- 
partments to  which  they  were  accredited.) 

36 


Another  source  of  increased  expenditure  is  the 
increase  in  population  in  our  State  hospitals  for 
the  insane.  What  this  amounts  to  is  shown  by 
the  following: 

Governor  Deneen's  first  term: 

According  to  the  statistics  gathered  by  the  State 
Board  of  Charities,  there  were  in  the  State  hos- 
pitals for  the  insane  on  July  1st,  1905,  8,482 
inmates;  and  on  January  1st,  1908,  9,743,  an 
increase  of  1,261  in  three  years;  an  average 
increase  per  year  of  420,  or  for  four  years  (one 
administration)  of  1,680.  The  net  per  capita 
cost  of  maintenance  of  each  inmate  is  $145  per 
year;  the  cost  of  providing  additional  buildings 
and  equipment,  per  inmate,  $400,  or 

Cost  of  increased  capacity  and  equipment  for 
additional  patients,  420  per  year  for  four 
years $  672,000 

Net  cost  of  maintenance  1,680  patients  for  four 

years 609,000 

Total  increase  first  terra $1,281,000 

Governor  Deneen's  second  term: 

The  State  Charities  Commission  reports  that 
on  January  1st,  1908,  there  were  9,743  inmates 
in  the  seven  State  hospitals  for  the  insane  and  on 
January  1st,  1912,  10,860  patients,  an  increase  of 
1,117  in  four  years,  an  average  increase  of  279 
patients  per  year. 

Cost  of  increased  capacity  and  equipment  for 
279  additional  patients  per  year,  for  four 
years $  446,800 

Net  cost  of  maintenance,  1,116  patients,  for 
four  years 404,550 


Total  increase  second  term $    851,350 

Total  increase  first  term 1,281,000 

Total  increase  second  term 851,350 


Total  increase  both  terms $2,132,350 

Similar  increases  have,  of  course,  occurred  in 
the  population  and  expense  of  maintenance  of 
the  penal  and  correctional  institutions  of  the 
State,  but  what  has  been  said  will  sufficiently 
indicate  some  of  the  causes  for  the  increase  of 
appropriations.  It  will  also  demonstrate  that 
they  have  been  made  necessary  by  the  natural 
increase  in  volume  of  the  State's  work. 

Notwithstanding  these  increased  expenditures, 
the  actual  increase  in  the  rate  of  taxation  has 
been  very  small.  A  comparison  between  the 
present  rate  and  the  rate  for  last  year  will  show 
this  and  at  the  same  time  will  set  forth  the 
reasons  for  the  slight  increase  in  the  rate. 

The  amount  required  to  be  raised  by  taxation 
for  last  year,  1910,  by  the  act  of  the  General 
Assembly,  approved  June  9,  1909,  commonly 
known  as  the  levy  bill,  was: 

37 


For  the  State  Revenue  Fund $5,100,000 

For  the  State  School  Fund 1,000,000 


Total $6,100,000 

The  amount  required  to  be  raised  by  taxation  for  the 
vear  1911  by  the  act  of  the  General  Assembly  approved 
June  10,  1911,  is: 

For  the  State  Revenue  Fund $7,750,000 

For  the  State  School  Fund 2,000,000 

Total $9,750,000 

A  total  increase  for  the  present  year  over  last 
year  of  $3,650,000. 

Last  year  the  State  tax  rate  was  thirty  cents 
on  each  one  hundred  dollars  of  assessed  property 
valuation.  This  year  the  rate  is  thirty-five 
cents  on  the  one  hundred  dollars. 

The  State  tax  is  apportioned  as  follows: 

Last  year: 

General  Revenue  Fund,  25  cents  on  the  $100  valuation. 
State  School  Fund,  5  cents  on  the  $100  valuation. 

Total  Rate  30  cents  on  the  $100  valuation. 

This  year: 

General  Revenue  Fund,  26.2  cents  on  the  $100  valuation. 
State  School  Fund,  8.8  cents  on  the  $100  valuation. 

Total  Rate  35.0  cents  on  the  $100  valuation. 

It  will  be  seen,  therefore,  that  the  rate  this 
year  for  General  Revenue  Fund  purposes  is  but 
a  small  fraction  over  one  cent  increase  over  that 
of  last  year,  whilst  the  rate  for  the  State  School 
Fund  is  a  trifle  under  four  cents  over  last  year's 
rate.  It  may  be  proper  to  state  the  counties,  not 
the  State,  get  the  benefit  of  the  State  School 
Fund,  all  the  revenue  raised  for  this  fund  being 
distributed  to  the  counties.  Reference  has  already 
been  made,  under  the  chapter  "Educational 
System  Reorganized"  to  the  increased  appropri- 
ations made  by  the  General  Assembly  for  the 
support  of  the  public  schools,  and  as  appears 
from  the  foregoing  statement,  nearly  the  total 
increase  in  the  State  tax  rate  may  be  traced  to 
these  increased  appropriations. 

As  a  matter  of  fact,  the  burden  of  State  tax- 
ation in  this  State  is  comparatively  light.  The 
following  comparison  taken  from  the  Statesman's 
Year  Book  for  1911,  of  annual  disbursements  per 
capita  of  population  made  by  the  states  named 
will  show  this: 

Illinois,  average  disbursements  for  the  years  1911- 

1912 $2.629 

Wisconsin,  for  the  year  1908 4 .243 

Michigan,  for  the  year  1909 4.221 

Indiana,  for  the  year  1910 3 . 123 

California,  for  the  year  1908    6.863 

Colorado,  for  the  year  1906 7  .032 

Massachusetts,  for  the  year  1909    3.851 

Minnesota,  for  the  year  1909 6 . 126 

New  Jersey,  for  the  year  1908 3 .341 

New  York,  for  the  year  1910 6 . 300 

Pennsylvania,  for  the  year  1909    3 .916 

38 


A  complete  comparison  of  the  per  capita  dis- 
bursements of  all  the  states  show  that  Illinois 
disbursements  are  much  lower  than  seventy  per 
cent  and  slightly  higher  than  thirty  per  cent  of 
those  of  the  other  states. 

CHAPTER  VI. 
Business  Methods. 

On  recommendation  of  Governor  Deneen,  the 
office  of  Department  and  Institution  Auditor  was 
created  by  the  General  Assembly  in  1905.  It 
was  made  the  duty  of  this  officer  to  investigate 
the  accounts  of  all  the  State  institutions  and 
departments,  and  under  his  supervision  uniform 
systems  of  bookkeeping  and  accounting  have 
since  been  introduced  and  the  departments  placed 
upon  a  thorough  going,  business  basis. 

Through  the  investigations  of  the  State  institu- 
tions and  departments  conducted  by  this  officer 
various  sums  of  money  have  been  recovered, 
such  as  $64,957.99  recovered  from  the  State 
Insurance  Department  and  $61,351.61  recovered 
from  three  insurance  companies. 

The  departments  and  institutions  having  de- 
posits in  banks  have  also  been  required  to  secure 
the  payment  of  interest  upon^  the  same.  The 
amount  turned  into  the  public  treasury  from  this 
source  has  been: 

Grain  Office,  Chicago $     8,585.92 

Grain  office,  East  St.  Louis ,   1,883.81 

State  reformatory 5,084.81 

Southern  penitentiary,  Chester 4,236.91 

Illinois  penitentiary,  Joliet 24,041.56 

University  of  Illinois 43,479.32 

Insurance  Department 35,631.77 

Interest  paid  to  State  treasurers 259,704.55 

Illinois  Central  Railroad 6,335.26 

Seventeen  charitable  institutions 15,466.82 

Canal  Board 4,712.74 

$409,163.47 

In  1905  the  Institution  Auditor  under  the 
direction  of  Governor  Deneen  began  an  investi- 
gation of  accounts  between  the  State  and  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad  Company.  The  facts 
brought  to  light  by  the  investigation  led  to  the 
institution  of  a  suit  by  the  Governor  through  the 
Attorney  General  against  the  railroad  company 
in  behalf  of  the  State. 

The  relations  between  the  State  and  the  Illinois 
Central  Railroad  Company  out  of  which  this  suit 
arose  may  be  briefly  stated.  On  February  10, 
1851,  the  General  Assembly  of  Illinois  passed  an 
act  incorporating  the  Illinois  Central  Railroad 
Company  and  granted  to  the  company  2,595,000 
acres  of  land  to  aid  in  the  construction  of  the 
road.  Subsequently  the  company  sold  the  greater 
portion  of  the  land  and  realized  therefrom  a  sum 

39 


in  excess  of  $30,000,000.  The  cost  of  the  702 
miles  of  charter  lines  was  more  than  covered  by 
this  amount.  The  line  from  Cairo  to  East 
Dubuque  was  placed  in  operation  during  the 
year  1856. 

In  consideration  of  this  grant  by  the  State,  it 
was  agreed  that  the  company  should  pay  into 
the  State  treasury  on  the  first  days  of  June  and 
December  of  each  year  a  sum  equal  to  at  least 
7%  of  the  gross  receipts  of  the  company,  and  for 
the  purpose  of  ascertaining  the  amount  of  gross 
receipts  the  company  was  required  by  its  charter 
to  keep  an  accurate  account  and  to  furnish  a 
sworn  copy  thereof  to  the  Governor  of  the  State, 
who  was  authorized  to  verify  the  same. 

The  suit  instituted  by  the  State  against  the 
Illinois  Central  Railroad  Company  is  based  on 
the  claim  that  the  investigations  made  by  the 
Department  and  Institution  Auditor  show  that 
the  railroad  company  has  failed  to  account  to 
the  State  for  7%  of  the  following  items  of  gross 
receipts : 

Receipts  of  Cairo  Bridge $  7,497,720 

Receipts  of  Dubuque  Bridge 3,155,696 

Receipts  from  investments 61,902,358 

Receipts  from  express 5,000,000 

Receipts  from  restaurants,  hotels,  etc 1,500,000 

Receipts  from  Chicago  real  estate 68,133 

Receipts  for  use  of  equipment  by  foreign  lines .     5,000,000 

Receipts  from  grain  elevators  in  Chicago 788,374 

Receipts  from  grain  elevators  in  Cairo 97,185 

Receipts  from  interest  on  loans  and  deposits . .     3,000,000 

It  is  also  claimed  that  certain  amounts  were  deducted 
by  the  company  from  gross  receipts  without  any  authority 
of  law,  and  particularly  that  there  was  deducted: 

On  account  of  drayage $  2,000,000 

On  account  of  switching 5,000,000 

On  account  of  rebates 10,000,000 

It  is  also  claimed  that  the  company  should  have  col- 
lected for  services  performed  the  following  sums: 
For  carrying  coal  and  supplies  for  noncharter 

lines $10,000,000 

For  freight  diverted  from  charter  lines 2,000,000 

For  mileage  books  delivered  in  payment  of 

newspaper  advertising,  etc 1,295,000 

For  use  of  equipment  by  noncharter  lines  . .  .  3,000,000 
For  use  of  Chicago  terminals  by  noncharter 

lines. 2,140,000 

For  use  of  other  terminals  by  noncharter  lines     1,500,000 

It  is  also  claimed  on  behalf  of  the  State  that  in 
the  division  of  earnings  between  the  charter  and 
noncharter  lines,  the  railroad  company  adopted 
numerous  fraudulent  schemes  and  devices  which 
have  resulted  in  defrauding  the  State  out  of 
several  millions  of  dollars. 

The  Supreme  Court  has  already  passed  upon 
this  case  and  some  of  the  more  important  con- 
tentions of  the  State  sustained  by  the  Court  are 
here  given: 

1.  That  in  the  division  of  earnings  and  pay- 
ment of  expenses,  charter  and  noncharter  lines 
must  be  treated  as  distinct  and  independent. 

40 


(This  will  prevent  in  the  future  the  diversion  of 
earnings,  under  any  pretext,  from  charter  to 
iioncharter  lines,  or  the  saddling  upon  the  charter 
lines  of  expenses  properly  chargeable  to  non- 
charter  lines.) 

2.  That    the    company    must    pay    into   the 
State  treasury  seven  per  cent  of  its  "gross  re- 
ceipts" derived  from  charter  lines  and  has  no 
right  to  deduct  any  sum  on  account  of  operating 
or  other  expense  before  computing  the  seven  per 
cent  due  the  State. 

3.  That  the  company  must  pay  into  the  State 
treasury  seven  per  cent  of  charter  line  receipts 
derived  from  interstate  traffic. 

4.  That  the  accounts  between  the  State  and 
the  company  are  open  for  the  years  1905,  1906, 
1907,  1908  and  1909  and  that  the  burden  of  proof 
is  upon  the  company  to  show  that  the  semi- 
annual  statements   furnished   to   the   Governor 
since  1904  are  in  all  respects  just  and  true. 

5.  That  all  joint  earnings  of  charter  and  non- 
charter   lines   must   be    divided    upon   such    an 
equitable  basis  that  the  State  shall  receive  the 
full  percentum  to  which  it  is  entitled  under  the 
charter. 

6.  That,  though  the  mileage  basis  is  not  the 
only  fair  and  equitable  basis  for  the  division  of 
earnings,  yet  the  court  below  will  be  justified  in 
applying  this  method  of  division  in  the  absence 
of  other  proof  on  this  question. 

7.  That  where  switching  or  drayage  charges 
incurred  by  the  company  in  Chicago  are  paid  by 
the  company  in  the  performance  of  its  duty  as  a 
common  carrier,  they  cannot  be  deducted  from 
the  charter  lines'  gross  receipts  before  the  State's 
percentum  is  computed. 

8.  That  the  charter  lines  cannot  be  used  to 
haul  coal,  supplies  or  other  materials  for  the  use 
or  benefit  of  noncharter  lines  free  of  charge,  but 
that  in  every  such  instance  a  reasonable  charge 
must  be  made  and  the  State  paid  a  percentum 
upon  such  earnings. 

9.  That  the  company  has  no  right  to  use  en- 
gines and  cars  of  the  charter  lines,  free  of  ex- 
pense, for  the  benefit  of  the  noncharter  lines,  but 
must  make  a  reasonable  charge  therefor  and  pay 
the  State  its  percentum  upon  the  same. 

10.  That  the  noncharter  lines  have  no  right 
to  the  free  use  of  the  passenger  station,  freight 
houses  and  terminal  facilities  of  the  Illinois  Cen- 
tral Railroad  Company  belonging  to  the  charter 
lines  at  Chicago,  but  must  make  a  reasonable 
charge  and  pay  the  State  a  proper  percentum  for 
the  use  of  such  facilities. 

11.  That  the  junctions,  switches  and  sidings 
at  all  junctions  of  the  charter  and  noncharter 
lines  of  the  company  belong  to  the  charter  lines 

41 


and  for  their  use  by  noncharter  lines  a  reasonable 
rental  must  be  charged  and  the  State  paid  its 
percentum  upon  the  same. 

12.  That  the  income  derived  from  hotels,  res- 
taurants and  dining  cars  is  a  part  of  the  gross  in- 
come of  the  company  and  must  be  accounted  for 
in  its  semi-annual  statements  rendered  to  the 
State. 

13.  That   whenever   the   company   pays   for 
newspaper  advertising  with  mileage  books,  the 
value  of  the  mileage  used  on  the  charter  lines 
must  be  accounted  for  by  the  company  to  the 
State  as  a  part  of  its  gross  income. 

14.  That    unlawful    rebates    cannot    be    de- 
ducted from  charter  line  receipts  and  that  when- 
ever a  rebate  is  so  deducted,  the  burden  of  prov- 
ing its  lawfulness  is  upon  the  company. 

15.  That    whenever    traffic    moves    between 
points  on  noncharter   lines  south   of  the   Ohio 
river   and   Cairo   and   Mounds   in   Illinois,    the 
charter  lines  must  be  awarded  their  just  pro- 
portionate share  of  the  joint  earnings  (hereto- 
fore they  have  been  awarded  nothing). 

16.  That  the  railroad  company  is  entitled  to 
deduct  a  reasonable  charge  or  bridge  arbitrary 
for  the  use  of  the  Cairo  bridge,  but  that  when- 
ever the  total  amount  so  deducted  in  any  one 
year  shall  exceed  $180,000   (the  annual  rental 
stipulated    in    the    company's    lease)    that    fact 
shall  tend  to  prove  that  the  bridge  arbitraries 
are  unreasonable. 

(During  the  year  1905,  the  company  deducted 
in  bridge  arbitraries  $1,721,189.77,  and  during 
the  year  1906,  $2,047,058.19.  While  the  figures 
are  not  at  hand  it  is  fair  to  assume  that  the 
bridge  arbitraries  since  that  time  have  been  pro- 
portionately as  great.) 

17.  That  the  company  must  answer  the  sev- 
enty-four interrogatories  attached  to  the  bill  and 
furnish  to  the  State  the  information  called  for 
therein  as  to  all  the  years  since  1904. 

Eighty-seven  interrogatories  in  all  were  filed 
by  the  State  which  the  defendant  company  was 
ordered  by  the  court  to  answer.  The  interroga- 
tories called  for  detailed  information  as  to  the 
receipts  and  disbursements  of  the  road,  as  to 
the  methods  of  division  which  had  been  prac- 
ticed between  the  charter  and  noncharter  lines, 
and  as  to  the  methods  which  have  prevailed  in 
regard  to  the  bridge  arbitraries. 

The  time  for  answering  was  fixed  by  the  court 
as  July  1,  1911.  Upon  the  showing  of  the  rail- 
road company  that  they  had  over  one  hundred 
men  employed  and  that  they  had  already  ex- 
pended, in  trying  to  get  the  information  called 
for  by  the  interrogatories,  over  $100,000,  and 
that  it  was  impossible  to  comply  with  the  court's 

42 


order  at  the  time  fixed,  the  time  was  extended 
to  January  1,  1912.  On  that  day,  upon  a  similar 
showing,  the  time  was  again  extended  by  the 
court  until  March  1,  1912,  when  the  court  set 
the  hearing  for  July  18,  and  then  continued  the 
case  until  October  14  for  the  taking  of  testi- 
mony. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  important  suits  ever 
instituted  in  behalf  of  the  State  and  its  prepara- 
tion has  involved  an  immense  amount  of  detail 
work.  It  may  be  observed  that,  while  the  char- 
ter of  the  company  requires  the  filing  of  a  semi- 
annual report  with  the  Governor  and  the  veri- 
fying of  that  report  by  him,  the  rules  for  de- 
termining the  basis  of  division  between  the  State 
and  the  company  have  heretofore  been  left  with 
the  company  and  have  never  been  judicially 
established.  In  the  present  suit  Governor 
Deneen  for  the  first  time  presents  the  matter 
to  the  courts  for  their  adjudication.  In  view  of 
the  fact  the  company  paid  in  1909  $1,152,669.34, 
in  1910  $1,217,927.84  and  in  1911  $1,239,484.24 
under  its  contract  with  the  State  the  advantage 
of  having  a  comprehensive  investigation  and 
judicial  determination  of  the  matter  is  apparent. 

Another  matter  in  which  business  methods 
have  been  applied  and  strict  accounting  insisted 
upon,  is  in  the  accounts  of  expenditures  for 
traveling  and  other  incidental  expenses  incurred 
by  persons  connected  with  the  various  State  in- 
stitutions and  departments.  Riding  upon  passes 
and  charging  up  railroad  fare  to  the  State  has 
become  a  thing  of  the  past.  All  accounts  are 
required  to  be  itemized  and  before  payment  are 
audited  by  the  Department  and  Institution 
Auditor  connected  with  the  Governor's  office. 

In  his  1907  biennial  message  to  the  General 
Assembly  Governor  Deneen  recommended  the 
passage  of  a  law  requiring  the  payment  of  int- 
erest on  public  funds  by  the  officers  having  them 
in  custody,  and  at  the  following  session  of  the 
General  Assembly  the  present  State  law  upon 
that  subject  was  enacted.  Since  its  enactment 
$259,002.38  has  been  turned  into  the  State 
treasury  as  interest  on  public  funds  by  the  State 
Treasurer,  the  Insurance  Department  and  the 
State  Board  of  Administration,  as  well  as  $181,- 
77,3.44  held  to  be  due  from  public  officers  to 
the  State  on  account  of  the  registered  bond 
fund. 

It  appears  therefore  that  through  the  busi- 
ness methods  applied  by  Governor  Deneen  to 
the  management  of  public  affairs,  the  State  is 
the  gainer  as  follows: 


43 


Interest  from  State  treasurers  under  the  law  $259.002.38 

Interest  received  from  other  departments.  .  .  149,458.92 
Recovered  from  former  State  officials  on  Reg- 

•'  istered  'Bond  Fund 181,773.44 

Recovered    from   former   superintendent   of 

State  Insurance  Department 64,957.99 

Recovered  from  three  insurance  companies. .  61,351.61 

Saving  effected  by  Board  of  Administration .  389,802.63 

Total .$1,106,346.97 

CHAPTER  VII. 
State  Geological  Survey. 

ORGANIZATION. 

The  abundant  mineral  resources  of  Illinois 
lie  at  the  base  of  her  manufacturing  and  commer- 
cial strength.  The  minerals  produced  in  1911 
exceed  $145,524,000  in  value,  and  gave  direct 
employment  to  over  100,000  workmen.  Gover- 
nor Deneen,  realizing  the  importance  of  the  in- 
dustry and  of  internal  improvements,  recom- 
mended in  his  first  inaugural  message  of  1905, 
the  creation  of  a  Geological  Survey  which  should 
make  an  inventory  of  the  developed  and  un- 
developed mineral  resources,  and  act  as  a  free 
information  bureau  for  land-owners  and  investors. 
The  Survey,  therefore,  was  created  in  1905  to 
conduct  research  and  disseminate  information, 
•-o  that  our  mineral  wealth  should  have  orderly 
development  without  unnecessary  danger  or 
waste. 

The  new  commission  includes  eminent  scien- 
tists and  educators  with  Governor  Deneen  as 
chairman.  The  staff  has  been  drawn  from 
educational  and  research  centers  of  the  country 
and  its  work  has  proceeded  rapidly  without 
political  interference  and  with  recognized  efficien- 
iy.  Active  cooperation  has  been  carried  on 
\\'ith  allied  staffs  of  the  University  of  Illinois,  the 
U.  S.  Geological  Survey,  and  the  U.  S.  Bureau 
i  f  Mines.  During  this  period  the  value  of 
nineral  production  in  Illinois  has  increased 
n;s  follows: 

MINERAL  OUTPUT  IN  ILLINOIS. 

1905  .      $105,065,567 

1906    121,188,306 

1907 145,768,464 

1908  122,900,688 

1909 143,051,729 

1910      141,809,121 

1911 145,524,000 

SCOPE  OF  THE  WORK. 

The  scope  of  the  work  of  the  Survey,  with 
Governor  Deneen's  recommendations  and  active 
:  upport,  includes  the  preparation  of: 

a.  A  topographic  map  showing  altitude  and 
configuration  of  the  surface  of  the  State,  as  a 
i.ase  for  accurate  geological  and  engineering 
.-  tudies. 

44 


b.  Colored  maps,  in  units  of  225  square  miles, 
showing  depth,  extent,  and  availability  of  mineral 
deposits,  including  water  and  petroleum. 

c.  Preliminary    detailed    maps    and    reports, 
covering  the  whole  State  as  a  unit,  for  each  of 
the  following  resources: 

Coal  Cement  materials 

Petroleum  and  gas      Building  stone 
Clay  and  shale  Road-ballast  materials 

Underground  water     Lead,  zinc,  silica, 

fluorspar,  etc. 

d.  Reports  in  cooperation  with  the  University 
of  Illinois  and  the  U.  S.  Bureau  of  Mines,  regard- 
ing coal-mining  practices,  in  order  to  show  means 
of  preventing  gas  and  dust  explosions,  and  other 
dangers  and  wastes. 

e.  Maps  of  overflowed  lands,  as  a  basis  for 
reclamation  plans. 

PROGRESS  OF  SURVEYS. 

A  topographic  map  for  geological  studies  and 
also  for  general  use  by  the  public,  is  being  pre- 
pared in  cooperation  with  the  U.  S.  Geological 
Survey  which  carries  half  of  the  expense  and 
relieves  the  State  of  the  cost  of  engraving.  It  is 
surveyed  in  small  units  measuring  about  12  by  18 
miles  and  including  225  square  miles  each. 
Over  6700  square  miles  comprising  30  sheets  have 
been  so  far  completed,  and  an  area  of  3200  square 
miles  is  nearly  finished.  Work  is  thus  finished 
or  under  way  for  an  area  comprising  about  one- 
fifth  of  the  entire  State.  The  work  has  been  done 
in  all  sections  but  has  been  located  chiefly  so  as 
to  serve  our  growing  mineral  industries  and  their 
need  of  detailed  geological  studies  based  on  accu- 
rate maps. 

Colored  geological  maps  in  quadrangle  units 
have  been  published  or  are  in  preparation  from 
various  districts  of  the  State,  extending  from  the 
northwest  corner  to  the  extreme  south.  The 
accompanying  reports  refer  to  important  .areas 
in  the  coal  fields,  the  oil  and  gas  areas,  the  lead 
and  zinc  districts,  and  other  important  mineral 
producing  regions.  Final  detailed  work  has 
been  completed  for  an  area  exceeding  6300  square 
miles  in  extent. 

Preliminary  maps  and  reports  covering  the 
whole  State,  have  been  published  or  are  in  prepa- 
ration, covering  the  subjects  mentioned  above. 

Investigations  of  the  coal  fields  have  yielded 
conclusions  regarding  the  distribution  and  identi- 
fication of  the  various  coal  beds  in  the  active 
field,  and  the  probable  depth  and  conditions  of 
the  coal  in  those  territories  which  are  undeveloped. 
Over  6000  drill  records  have  been  collected  from 
various  parts  of  the  State  and  have  been  filed 
for  use  in  connection  with  this  study,  and  for 
general  reference  of  the  inquiring  public.  Im- 

45 


portant  information  has  been  collected  and  pub- 
lished relating  to  the  chemical  quality  of  our 
coal;  its  behavior  under  conditions  of  weather- 
ing and  storage;  and  of  the  best  methods  of 
meeting  the  competition  with  other  states. 

The  oil  resources  of  Illinois  place  -the  State 
third  in  rank  with  an  output  exceeding  30,000,000 
barrels  per  year.  Study  has  been  made  and 
reports  published  showing  that  the  oil  accumu- 
lation is  dependent  on  the  geology  of  the  under- 
ground rock  and  that  its  probable  distribution 
can  be  approximately  predicted.  Oil  producers 
of  the  State  have  greatly  benefited  and  land 
values  have  increased  through  this  work  of  the 
Geological  Survey. 

The  clay  and  shale  investigations  of  the  Survey 
have  shown  that  the  State  is  abundantly  provided 
with  suitable  materials  for  manufacturing  nearly 
all  of  our  clay  products.  The  value  of  our 
output  exceeds  $15,000,000  per  year  and  this 
will  doubtless  increase  rapidly  as  we  come  to  be 
self-sustaining  in  this  respect.  It  has  been  shown 
that  a  valuable  bed  of  fire-clay  extends  from  the 
vicinity  of  St.  Louis  through  our  western  counties 
to  the  vicinity  of  Rock  Island,  and  thence  east 
to  LaSalle.  It  is  predicted  that  a  great  expansion 
in  our  clay  industries  will  follow  in  a  few  years, 
and  that  we  will  cease  to  ship  in  millions  of  dollars 
worth  of  wares  from  adjoining  states.  Reports 
so  far  issued  include  papers  on  fire-clay,  paving- 
brick,  sand-lime  brick,  and  other  subjects  of 
technical  character. 

Underground  water  resources  of  the  State  are 
becoming  more  and  more  important,  as  our 
municipalities  grow  and  find  the  surface  supplies 
inadequate  for  sanitary  needs.  Public  officials 
and  commercial  concerns  are  finding  a  great  stock 
of  information  on  this  important  subject  in  the 
files  of  the  Survey.  A  number  of  reports  have 
been  printed  and  others  are  in  preparation  relating 
to  artesian  water  supplies. 

Cement  production  in  Illinois  has  more  than 
trebled  since  1905.  The  Survey  has  just  published 
the  results  from  several  hundred  samples  of  lime- 
stone and  clay  materials,  collected  from  all  parts 
of  Illinois.  Many  favorable  points  for  the  location 
of  new  plants  are  pointed  out ;  and  the  controlling 
factors  which  will  make  for  success  or  failure  of 
such  plants  are  completely  outlined.  There  can 
be  no  doubt,  from  the  work  of  the  Survey,  that 
the  resources  within  our  border  will  enable  Illinois 
to  take  front  rank  as  a  producer  of  Portland 
cement. 

Other  important  mineral  industries  of  the  State 
have  been  investigated  and  described  in  reports 
already  published  or  well  along  in  .preparation. 

46 


COOPERATIVE  MINING  INVESTIGATION. 

The  coal  production  of  Illinois  places  the  State 
third  in  rank  with  an  output  valued  at  about 
$50,000,000.00  per  "year.  It  engages  over  70,000 
miners.  Under  existing  conditions  which  have 
grown  up  gradually,  there  have  been  a  large  num- 
ber of  serious  mining  accidents,  and  a  waste  of 
approximately  50  per  cent  of  the  coal  in  the 
ground. 

Governor  Deneen  recommended  and  approved 
plans  under  which  the  Geological  Survey  co- 
operates with  the  University  of  Illinois  and  the 
U.  S.  Bureau  of  Mines  in  efforts  to  solve  the 
difficulties.  Prevention  of  accidents  and  methods 
for  rescue  of  miners  in  case  of  explosion  received 
attention  at  the  demonstration  station  at  Urbana, 
and  with  such  excellent  results  in  actual  service 
that  the  State  has  now  established  a  Mine  Rescue 
Commission  and  three  rescue  stations  for  work  of 
this  kind. 

A  cooperative  investigation  of  the  mining 
industry  now  under  way,  has  placed  a  large 
number  of  mining  engineers,  geologists,  chemists, 
etc.,  in  the  field  for  a  thorough  study  of  present 
methods  and  efficiencies  of  mining  in  Illinois. 
Investigation  is  being  made  of  mining  wastes, 
both  of  human  lives  and  of  the  coal  itself.  The 
occurrence  of  gas,  the  explosibility  of  coal  dust, 
the  character  of  surface  subsidence  due  to  under- 
mining, and  numerous  other  problems  regarding 
which  t'he  Illinois  operators  and  miners  desire 
information,  are  being  studied  with  a  view  to 
devising  remedies  for  existing  evils. 

RECLAMATION  OF  OVERFLOWED  LANDS. 
Millions  of  fertile  acres  in  Illinois  are  subjected 
to  overflow  of  streams,  and  therefore  are  not  util- 
ized to  any  appreciable  extent.  Feeling  the  need 
of  reclamation  of  such  lands,  Governor  Deneen 
recommended  joint  efforts  by  the  State  Geological 
Survey,  the  Internal  Improvement  Commission, 
and  the  U.  S.  Department  of  Agriculture,  in  the 
study  of  the  problem.  So  far,  large-scale  maps 
showing  the  facts  on  which  the  reclamation 
should  be  based,  have  been  made  by  the  Geo- 
logical Survey  along  the  Kaskaskia,  Big  Muddy, 
Embarrass,  Spoon,  Little  Wabash,  and  Skillet 
Fork  rivers,  while  preliminary  work  has  been  done 
for  Saline  and  Sangamon  rivers.  Approximately 
1 ,000  square  miles  of  overflowed  lands  have  been 
surveyed  accurately  at  the  cost  of  about  four  cents 
per  acre.  It  is  conservatively  estimated  that  if  the 
bottom  lands  are  reclaimed  and  protected  from 
overflow,  there  will  be  added  to  our  taxable  land 
values  more  than  $100,000,000.00  above  the  cost 
of  doing  the  work,  besides  the  resulting  benefits  to 
health  and  sanitary  conditions  throughout  the 
recovered  areas. 

47 


In  view  of  the  efficiency  of  the  Geological  Sur- 
vey and  the  constructive  character  of  this  work, 
Governor  Deneen's  biennial  messages  have  recom- 
mended its  continuance  and  expansion.  Under 
the  stimulation  of  the  present  administration 
work  has  been  so  organized  that  the  State  is  now 
second  to  none  in  the  study  which  it  bestows  on 
problems  relating  to  our  mining  industries  and 
allied  subjects. 

CHAPTER  VIII. 
Internal  Improvement  Commission. 

At  the  1905  session  of  the  General  Assembly,  a 
law  was  enacted  providing  for  the  formation  of 
an  Internal  Improvement  Commission,  to  "in- 
vestigate the  various  problems  associated  with  a 
projected  deep  waterway  from  Lake  Michigan 
to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  reclamation  of 
lands  subject  to  inundation  or  overflow." 

The  law  provided  that  the  commission  should 
consist  of  "three  persons  of  high  practical  business 
qualifications."  The  members  of  the  commis- 
sion appointed  by  Governor  Deneen  were  Mr. 
Isham  Randolph,  of  Chicago,  chief  engineer  of 
the  Sanitary  District  of  Chicago;  Mr.  Henry 
M.  Schmoldt,  of  Beardstown,  and  Mr.  H.  W. 
Johnson,  banker,  of  Ottawa.  Mr.  Lyman  E. 
Cooley,  of  Chicago,  was  appointed  Secretary 
of  the  commission. 

The  report  made  by  this  commission  in  1907 
was  an  exhaustive  one.  It  showed  the  feasibility 
of  establishing  navigable  water  communication 
between  the  Great  Lakes  and  the  Gulf  of  Mexico 
through  the  construction  of  a  fourteen-foot 
channel  from  the  present  terminus  of  the  Chicago 
Drainage  and  Ship  Canal  to  the  Mississippi 
River  at  St.  Louis  by  way  of  the  Desplaines 
and  Illinois  rivers. 

The  report  of  the  commission  also  showed  that 
between  Lockport  and  Utica  a  distance  of  sixty- 
one  and  a  half  miles,  there  was  a  descent  of  106 
feet  creating  water  power  aggregating  140,000 
gross  horse  power,  when  the  full  amount  of  water 
provided  by  law  is  turned  into  the  channel  of  the 
Sanitary  District  of  Chicago.  The  estimated 
cost  of  the  construction  of  the  waterway  and 
development  of  the  water  power  made  by  the 
commission  was  $20,000,000.  As  the  investiga- 
tions of  the  commission  also  showed  that  the 
revenue  from  water  power  would  repay  the  total 
cost  of  construction  and  development .  in  from 
fourteen  to  seventeen  years,  Governor  Deneen 
in  his  message  to  the  General  Assembly,  tran- 
smitting the  report  of  the  commission,  urged 
upon  the  General  Assembly  the  passage  of  legis- 
lation permitting  the  devlopment,  use  and  owner- 
ship by  the  State  of  this  water  power. 

48 


At  the  same  session  of  the  General  Assembly 
at  which  the  report  of  the  Internal  Improvement 
Commission  was  received,  a  bill  was  introduced 
authorizing  the  Sanitary  District  of  Chicago  to 
continue  its  channel  from  its  present  terminus  at 
Lockport  six  miles  south  through  Joliet  to 
Brandon's  Road,  at  an  expense  of  $6,000,000,  on 
condition  that  it  be  permitted  to  develop  and 
own  the  resulting  water  power. 

This  measure,  however,  was  defeated  and  the 
General  Assembly,  after  due  consideration,  framed 
and  submitted  to  the  people  a  constitutional 
amendment  authorizing  the  issuance  of  $20,000,- 
000  in  bonds  to  carry  out  the  State  project  and 
at  the  general  election  of  1908  the  amendment 
was  adopted  by  a  vote  of  675,898  to  193,296 — a 
majority  of  482,602,  the  largest  majority  ever 
recorded  in  favor  of  any  proposition  submitted 
to  the  voters  of  this  State. 

In  his  biennial  message  of  1909,  therefore, 
Governor  Deneen  recommended  to  the  General 
Assembly  the  enactment  of  legislation  in  harmony 
with  the  constitutional  amendment. 

Shortly  after  the  enactment  of  the  constitu- 
tional amendment,  it  was  found  that  a  private 
water  power  company,  the  Economy  Light  and 
Power  Co.,  had  begun  the  erection  of  a  dam 
across  the  Desplaines  River  four  hundred  feet 
from  the  point  where  it  joins  with  the  Kankakee 
to  form  the  Illinois  River,  with  a  view  to  the 
utilization  of  the  water  power  there  available, 
under  the  provisions  of  certain  leases  made  by 
the  Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal  Commissioners 
four  months  before  Governor  Deneen  first 
assumed  office.  As  all  the  water  power  at  that 
point  had  been  created  through  the  expenditure 
of  public  money,  Governor  Deneen  called  the 
matter  to  the  attention  of  the  General  Assembly 
and  secured  the  passage  of  a  bill  directing  him- 
self and  the  Attorney  General  to  take  such  legal 
steps  as  might  be  necessary  to  remove  obstruc- 
tions from  the  Desplaines  and  Illinois  rivers. 

On  December  30,  1907,  su't  was  begun  and  an 
injunction  preventing  the  continuance  of  the 
dam  construction  work  was  secured.  The  in- 
junction, however,  was  dissolved  later  by  the 
court.  The  case  was  thereupon  carried  by  the 
State  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois,  where 
the  opinion  of  the  lower  court  was  upheld,  but 
the  rights  of  the  company  under  the  leases  from 
the  Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal  Commissioners 
were  declared  to  be  for  twenty  years  only,  of 
which  eight  years  have  already  elapsed,  instead 
of  perpetual  leases,  as  claimed  by  the  company. 

In  this  suit  many  of  the  State's  contentions 
were  declared  invalid  by  the  Illinois  Courts.  It 
was  claimed  in  behalf  of  the  State  that  the  leases 


executed  by  the  Illinois  and  Michigan  Canal 
Commissioners  were  invalid.  The  Illinois  Courts 
held  them  valid. 

It  was  claimed  by  the  State  that  the  State 
owned  the  bed  of  the  Desplaines  River  at  Dresden 
Heights.  The  Illinois  Courts  held  that  it  did  not. 

It  was  claimed  by  the  State  that  the  Desplaines 
River  is  a  navigable  river.  It  was  held  by  the 
Illinois  Courts  that  it  is  not. 

In  view  of  the  importance  to  the  State  of  the 
questions  involved  in  this  suit,  and  of  the  import- 
ance of  having  it  decided  by  the  courts  of  last 
resort,  Governor  Deneen  urged  upon  the  General 
Assembly  the  appropriation  of  sufficient  funds 
to  carry  it  to  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States.  At  the  last  session  of  the  General  As- 
sembly this  appropriation  was  made  and  the  case 
is  now  pending  before  the  Supreme  Court  of  the 
United  States. 

After  the  adverse  decision  of  the  Illinois 
Supreme  Court,  the  Attorney  General  of  the 
United  States  instituted  a  suit  against  the 
Economy  Light  &  Power  Company  on  behalf  of 
the  United  States  Government  in  the  Federal 
Court  at  Chicago,  where  it  is  now  pending,  in- 
volving practically  the  same  questions  as  those 
involved  in  the  State's  case.  So  that  eventually 
the  whole  matter  will  be  presented  to  the  Supreme 
Court  of  the  United  States  both  on  behalf  of  the 
State  of  Illinois  and  the  National  Government. 

The  general .  purpose  of  the  State's  suit  is  to 
determine  its  rights  to  the  water  power  suscepti- 
ble of  development  in  the  proposed  deep  water- 
way and  in  view  of  the  repeated  refusals  of  the 
General  Assembly  to  enact  legislation  conferring 
general  authority  to  construct  a  waterway  and_ 
develop  water  power  as  proposed  in  the  con-' 
stitutional  amendment,  Governor  Deneen  in 
his  last  message  to  the  General  Assembly  dated 
April  25,  1911,  urged  the  enactment  of  legislation 
authorizing  the  purchase  of  the  water  power  sites, 
so  ac  to  preserve  the  rights  of  the  public  in  such 
water  power  as  may  be  hereafter  developed. 
This  matter  was  called  to  the  attention  of  the 
General  Assembly  at  a  special  session  of  June  14, 
1911,  convened  for  the  sole  consideration  of 
waterway  legislation,  but  the  General  Assembly 
adjourned  without  passing  the  necessary  legis- 
lation. 

In  the  meantime,  private  corporations,  taking 
advantage  of  the  legislative  deadlock,  are  negotia- 
ting with  private  owners  to  acquire  the  property 
necessary  to  give  them  control  of  these  water 
power  sites.  Had  the  General  Assembly  enacted 
the  legislation  conferring  upon  the  State  com- 
mission the  necessary  authority,  the  land  for  the 
water  power  sites  might  have  been  purchased  by 

50 


the  State  at  its  value  as  marsh  or  pasture  land.  If, 
however,  private  corporations  acquire  sufficient 
lands  to  make  it  available  for  water  power  develop- 
ment which  in  some  cases  would  involve  the  pur- 
chase of  a  strip  of  land  twelve  miles  long  for  over- 
flow purposes,  it  would  be  necessary  for  the  State 
to  condemn  the  land  for  water  power  sites  at  a 
price  which  probably  would  be  prohibitive. 

Should  this  be  the  outcome,  one  of  the  most 
valuable  assets  of  the  State,  created  entirely 
through  the  expenditure  of  public  money,  would 
have  been  allowed  to  pass  into  private  hands 
through  the  failure  of  the  General  Assembly, 
notwithstanding  the  repeated  efforts  of  Governor 
Deneen  to  preserve  it  for  the  general  benefit. 

Governor  Deneen  has  regarded  such  an  outcome 
as  deplorable,  not  only  from  the  point  of  view  of 
water  power  development,  but  from  that  of  water- 
way construction.  Owing  to  its  geographical 
position  our  State  has  an  interest  almost  unique 
among  the  states  in  the  development  of  the  domes- 
tic waterways  of  the  country.  Three-fourths  of 
our  State  is  bounded  by  water  courses  and  all 
around  us  the  National  government  is  spending 
large  sums  of  money  for  their  improvement. 
A  continuing  appropriation  of  $60,000,000.00  is 
being  expended  in  this  way  upon  the  improvement 
of  the  Ohio,  from  Pittsburgh  to  Cairo  for  a  9-foot 
channel ;  a  continuing  appropriation  of  $12,000,000 
upon  the  improvement  of  the  Missouri  from  St. 
Louis  to  Kansas  City  for  a  6-foot  channel;  a 
continuing  appropriation  of  $20,000,000  in '  the 
improvement  of  the  Mississippi  from  the  mouth 
of  the  Missouri  to  St.  Paul  for  a  6-foot  channel ;  an 
appropriation  of  $1,000,000  and  $40,000  per  year, 
conditionally  made  by  the  National  government 
for  the  improvement  of  the  lower  Illinois  from 
Utica  to  Graf  ton  provided  our  State  does  its 
share  of  the  work;  whilst  the  Sanitary  District  of 
Chicago  has  already  expended  $66,000,000  in  the 
construction  of  the  Chicago  Drainage  and  Ship 
Canal  extending  from  Chicago  to  Lockport. 

The  Federal  government  has  for  a  number  of 
years  been  insisting  upon  the  municipality  of 
Chicago  lowering  its  tunnels  under  the  Chicago 
River  and  removing  its  center  pier  bridges  so  that 
the  Chicago  River  Channel  may  be  made  adequate 
to  meet  the  needs  of  the  commerce  of  the  city;  and 
the  Federal  government  today  stands  ready  to 
appropriate  $7,000,000  toward  the  building  of  an 
outer  harbor  when  this  work  has  been  carried  out. 
The  people  of  Chicago  in  November,  1911,  voted  a 
bond  issue  of  $4,665, 000  to  remove  the  bridges  and 
the  common  council  has  recently  passed  an  outer 
harbor  ordinance  and  the  mayor  of  Chicago  has 
appointed  a  harbor  commission  which  has  already 
recommended  a  harbor  on  the  north  side  of  the 

51 


river  at  its  mouth.  This  will  be  of  great  benefit 
to  the  patrons  of  the  lake  passenger  boats  and  to 
the  handlers  of  fruit  and  vegetables  for  the  Chicago 
markets.  This,  however,  does  not  close  the  ques- 
tion of  harbor  accommodation  for  maritime  com- 
merce and  facilities  for  exchange  between  lake 
and  rail,  and  other  important  sites  better  provided 
with  railroad  facilities  will  undoubtedly  be  arranged 
for.  A  proposition  to  issue  bonds  in  the  sum  of 
$5,000,000.00  for  harbor  construction  purposes  was 
submitted  to  the  people  of  Chicago  last  spring.  It 
was  adopted.  So  that  the  project,  so  far 
as  the  City  of  Chicago  and  the  National  govern- 
ment are  concerned,  seems  certain  of  accomplish- 
ment. 

A  glance  at  the  map  on  the  opposite  page  will 
show  that  Illinois  stands  at  the  focal  point  of  the 
two  great  waterway  systems  of  the  country,  the 
Mississippi  River  and  its  tributaries  leading  to 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico  and  the  Panama  Canal  on  the 
one  hand,  and  the  Great  Lakes-St.  Lawrence 
River  system  leading  to  the  Atlantic  Ocean  on  the 
other.  It  will  also  show  how  small  is  the  break 
in  tht  chain  which  would  unite  them  into  a  single 
system  formed  by  the  State  project  for  a  deep 
waterway  between  Lockpoit  and  Utica,  which, 
from  the  point  of  view  of  domestic  commerce  as 
well  as  water  power,  is  of  such  vital  importance 
to  the  citizens  of  Illinois. 

That  this  project  must  be  carried  out  eventually 
is  manifest  from  many  considerations.  When  the 
Sanitary  District  of  Chicago  was  formed  to  con- 
struct the  Sanitary  District  channel,  the  bill  pro- 
vided that  the  channel  should  be  a  navigable 
channel  with  "a  width  of  not  less  than  160  feet 
at  the  bottom  *  *  and  a  depth  of  not  less 
lhan  18  feet  of  water"  and  that  upon  its  com- 
pletion "the  general  government  shall  have  full 
control  over  the  same  for  navigation  purposes." 

During  the  controversy  over  the  waterway 
question  it  has  sometimes  been  contended  that 
the  government  would  not  permit  the  abstraction 
from  Lake  Michigan  of  a  sufficient  quantity  of 
water  to  permit  the  development  of  water  power; 
but  in  view  of  these  provisions  of  the  act  under 
which  the  channel  of  the  Sanitary  District  of 
Chicago  was  built,  and  the  vast  expenditure  of 
money  which  the  National  government  has  per- 
mitted the  people  of  Chicago  to  make  for  the  pur- 
poses of  sanitation  which  are  dependent  for  their 
utility  upon  the  withdrawal  of  large  volumes  of 
water  from  Lake  Michigan,  such  a  contention 
cannot  be  taken  seriously. 

The  present  flow  of  water  in  the  Chicago 
Sanitary  and  Ship  Canal  has  not  always  been 
constant  in  volume  but  has  at  times  reached 
450,000  cubic  feet  per  minute.  Its  salutary  effect 

52 


upon  the  water  supply  and  upon  the  general 
sanitary  condition  of  Chicago  is  known  to  all. 

But  the  work  is  not  complete.  The  Calumet 
River  is  still  emptying  into  Lake  Michigan  the 
sewage  from  local  sources  in  Illinois  and  the  more 
voluminous  and  offensive  matter  from  neigh- 
boring manufacturing  towns  and  villages  in 
Indiana,  a-  menace  to  the  purity  of  the  water 
supply  of  Chicago.  To  do  away  with  this  danger 
the  Sanitary  District  of  Chicago  is  now  engaged 
in  the  construction  of  what  is  known  as  the  Calu- 
met-Sag Channel,  the  object  of  which  is  to  reverse 
the  flow  of  the  Calumet  River,  just  as  the  main 
Sanitary  District  Channel  has  reversed  the  flow  of 
the  Chicago  River,  and  discharge  it  into  the  main 
channel  at  one  of  the  rock  sections  at  about  20 
miles  from  Robey  Street,  Chicago. 

So  that  the  friends  of  the  waterway  project 
have  every  reason  for  assurance  that  the  National 
government  must  continue  to  permit  the  with- 
drawal of  water  from  Lake  Michigan  to  meet  the 
growing  sanitary  requirements  of  the  City  of 
Chicago  and  its  vicinity. 

In  addition  to  the  prosecution  of  the  suit 
against  the  Economy  Light  &  Power  Co., 
Governor  Deneen  appointed  Mr.  Isham  Randolph 
as  agent  of  the  State  to  confer  regarding  the 
matter  with  a  commission  appointed  in  1910 
by  the  United  States  Government  to  investi- 
gate the  project  and  report  upcn  the  question 
of  Federal .  cooperation  with  the  State.  This 
appointment  by  the  Governor  was  made  neces- 
sary on  account  of  the  failure  of  the  General 
Assembly  to  create  a  commission  to  confer 
with  the  Federal  commission  for  the  purpose 
stated. 

The  Federal  commission  made  its  report  Janu- 
ary 23,  1911.  It  finds  that  the  plans  and  specifi- 
cations of  the  Illinois  Internal  Improvement 
Commission  could  be  carried  out  with  the  $20,- 
000,000  provided  by  the  constitutional  amend- 
ment. In  fact,  the  Federal  commission  deemed 
the  plans  of  the  Illinois  Internal  Improvement 
Commission  more  liberal  than  "was  necessary  and 
that  its  purposes  can  be  accomplished  with  a 
channel  and  locks  of  smaller  dimensions  and  with  a 
smaller  expenditure.  Later,  in  April,  1911,  Gover- 
nor Deneen,  with  Mr.  Randolph,  presented  the 
matter  to  the  President  of  the  United  States,  both 
in  conference  and  by  letter.  President  Taft's 
letter  of  April  17,  1911,  in  reply  to  Governor 
Deneen's  letter  of  April  15,  1911,  states: 

"In  behalf  of  your  State,  there  has  been  no  legislative 
commission  with  whom  the  board  of  engineers  could 
negotiate,  and  that  board  has  reported  a  project  for  the 
lower  [Illinois]  River  which,  I  learn  from  your  letter,  is 
not  satisfactory  to  the  State. 

54 


"In  view  of  this  fact,  I  shall  recommend  to  Congress 
that  the  term  of  service  of  said  board  be  continued  and 
that  it  be  empowered  to  reopen  the  question  of  the  treat- 
ment of  the  lower  Illinois  River,  and  to  negotiate  with  a 
commission  hereafter  to  be  created  by  your  General 
Assembly,  and  to  agree  with  such  commission  upon  a 
plan  for  the  lower  Illinois  River  and  upon  the  extent  to 
which  the  United  States  may  properly  cooperate  with 
the  State  of  Illinois  in  securing  the  construction  of  a 
navigable  waterway  from  Lockport  to  the  mouth  of  the 
Illinois  River  in  conjunction  with  the  development  of 
water  power  by  the  State  between  Lockport  and  Utica." 

In  the  President's  message  submitted  to 
Congress,  December  21,  there  is  a  paragraph 
devoted  to  this  subject,  which  reads  as  follows: 

"The  project  for  a  navigable  waterway  from  Lake 
Michigan  to  the  mouth  of  the  Illinois  River  and  thence 
via  the  Mississippi  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico  is  one  of  national 
importance.  In  view  of  the  work  accomplished  by  the 
Sanitary  District  of  Chicago,  which  has  constructed  the 
most  difficult  and  costly  stretch  of  this  waterway  and 
made  it  an  asset  of  the  nation,  and  in  view  of  the  fact 
that  the  people  of  Illinois  have  authorized  the  expendi- 
ture of  $20,000,000  to  carry  this  waterway  sixty-two 
miles  farther  to  Utica,  I  feel  that  it  is  fitting  that  this 
work  should  be  supplemented  by  the  Government  and 
that  the  expenditures  recommended  by  the  special  board 
of  engineers  on  the  waterway  from  Utica  to  the  mouth 
of  the  Illinois  River  be  made  upon  lines  which,  while 
providing  a  waterway  for  the  nation,  should  otherwise 
benefit  that  state  to  the  fullest  extent. 

"I  recommend  that  the  term  of  service  of  this  special 
board  of  engineers  be  continued  and  that  it  be  empowered 
to  reopen  the  question  of  the  treatment  of  the  lower 
Illinois  River  and  to  negotiate  with  a  properly  constituted 
commission  representing  Illinois  and  to  agree  upon  a  plan 
for  the  improvement  of  the  lower  Illinois  River,  and  .upon 
the  extent  to  which  the  United  States  may  properly 
cooperate  with  the  State  in  securing  the  construction  of 
a  navigable  waterway  from  Lockport  to  the  mouth  of 
the  Illinois  River  in  conjunction  with  the  development 
of  water  power  by  that  State  between  Lockport  and 
Utica." 

On  December  23rd,  the  President  wrote  to 
Hon.  S.  M.  Sparkman,  Chairman  of  the  Rivers 
&  Harbors  Committee  of  Congress,  as  follows: 

"White  House,  Washington,  D.  C., 
December  23,  1911. 

"Hon.  S.  M.  Sparkman,  Chairm.in, 
Rivers  &  Harbors  Committee. 

"Sir:— 

"In  view  of  the  great  importance  to  the  whole  country 
of  the  creation  of  a  waterway  from  the  Great  Lakes  to 
the  Gulf  of  Mexico,  I  call  your  attention  briefly  to  a  con- 
sideration not  taken  up  in  the  section  of  my  message 
which  related  to  that  waterway.  The  State  of  Illinois 
has,  by  an  overwhelming  vote  of  its  people,  authorized 
the  expenditure  of  $20,000,000  for  building  of  that  link 
in  this  waterway  between  the  present  terminus  of  the 
Chicago  Sanitary  Canal,  near  Lockport,  and  Utica  on 
the  Illinois  River,  a  distance  of  sixty-two  miles.  The 
opponents  of  the  project  have  questioned  the  sufficiency 
of  the  amount  authorized  by  the  people  of  the  State  to 
pay  for  the  work  planned  by  the  Internal  Improvement 
Commission  of  the  State.  These  estimates,  however, 

55 


have  been  checked  by  the  Board  of  Engineers,  whose 
appointment  was  authorized  by  the  Sixty-first  Congress, 
Second  Session,  and  were  by  them  considered  sufficient 
to  cover  the  cost  involved.  See  H.  R.  Document  No. 
1374,  pages  eight  and  ten.  On  page  eleven,  this  state- 
ment is  found: 

"  'Should  the  State  of  Illinois  be  unable  to  complete  the 
locks  suggested  by  the  board,  or  the  bridges  required 
by  navigation,  the  United  States  might  then  properly 
undertake  to  complete  these  parts  of  the  project,  but  as 
the  authorized  appropriation  of  $20,000,000  by  the  State 
is  considered  sufficient  for  all  work  above  Utica,  no 
estimates  are  submitted  for  these  parts.' 

"I  concur  in  the  belief  of  the  board  so  expressed  above 
and  feel  that  the  Congress  should  endorse  the  project; 
and,  further,  in  view  of  the  character  and  ability  of  the 
men  who  have  reported  upon  the  project,  I  think  that  the 
United  States  runs  small  risk  in  guaranteeing  any  sum 
that  this  link  in  the  project  may  cost  in  excess  of  the 
$20,000,000  that  the  State  will  provide.  This  work 
should  progress  in  time  with  the  improvement  of  the 
Upper  Mississippi,  the  Missouri  and  the  Ohio  rivers. 
Its  importance  warrants  Congressional  action  in  its 
support. 

(Signed)  "WILLIAM  H.  TAFT, 

"President." 

From  this  it  is  manifest  that  the  President  is  in 
hearty  accord  with  the  project  for  a  deep  water- 
way from  the  Lakes  to  the  Gulf  of  Mexico. 

In  view  of  the  magnitude  of  the  public  interests 
at  stake  and  dependent  on  the  proper  solution  of 
the  waterway  question,  Governor  Deneen  is  to 
be  commended  for  the  course  he  has  taken  in 
this  matter.  The  opportunity  for  Illinois  to 
secure  without  expense  to  our  citizens  a  deep 
waterway  from  the  lakes  to  the  Mississippi  and 
at  the  same  time  develop  water  power  providing 
a  constant  source  of  future  revenue  should  not 
be  lost.  New  York  in  1909  appropriated  $101,- 
000,000  for  the  improvement  and  enlargement 
of  the  Erie  Canal,  all  of  which  must  be  paid  out 
of  taxation,  not  like  the  Illinois  project  from 
water  power  development.  Canada  is  arranging 
to  expend  $100,000,000  on  canals  which  will 
shorten  the  way  for  her  domestic  commerce  to  the 
Atlantic!  Ocean.  And  yet  upon  one  pretext  and 
another  the  carrying  out  of  this  great  project 
has  been  so  far  prevented  by  our  General  Assem- 
bly and  the  mind  of  the  people  prejudiced  against 
it.  This  has  been  brought  about  by  various 
misrepresentations  to  one  of  which  only  atten- 
tion need  be  called. 

It  has  been  claimed  by  the  opponents  of  water- 
way legislation  that  Governor  Deneen  has  been 
opposed  to  Federal  cooperation  in  the  construc- 
tion of  the  proposed  waterway.  The  contrary 
is  true.  In  every  message  upon  the  waterway  in 
which  this  has  been  referred  to,  Governor  Deneen 
has  been  for,  not  against,  the  securing  of  Federal 
cooperation.  The  following  quotations  from 
Governor  Deneen's  messages  will  show  this. 

56 


The  Governor's  message  of  October  8,  1907,  re- 
ferring to  waterway  legislation  by  the  State,  said: 

"With  such  legislation  I  believe  we  can  expect  every 
assistance  desired  from  the  Federal  government." 

Message  of  November  6,  1907 : 

"It  is  important  to  know  whether  private  rights  can 
vest  against  a  long  determined  public  policy  which  the 
State  and  the  United  States  are  now  ready  to  consum- 
mate." 

Biennial  message  of  1909 : 

"As  a  navigable  waterway,  the  completed  channel  will 
be  under  Federal  control  for. navigation  purposes,  and  it 
is  to  be  hoped  that  the  State  may  be  able  to  secure  Federal 
aid  in  the  construction  of  locks,  thus  decreasing  materially 
the  construction  cost  to  the  State." 

Again,  the  same  message : 

"The  attitude  of  the  representatives  of  the  Federal 
government  is  now  more  friendly  to  a  broad  policy  of 
waterway  development  than  ever  before,  and  should 
Illinois  show  a  disposition  to  enter  vigorously  upon  the 
work  of  waterway  construction,  it  cannot  but  affect 
favorably  the  Federal  situation." 

Again,  the  same  message : 

"Our  State,  therefore,  should  take  a  leading  part  in 
the  present  movement  for  waterway  development  and 
set  an  example  of  prompt  and  vigorous  action  which  will 
command  the  attention  and  elicit  the  cooperation  of  the 
other  states  and  the  National  government." 

Special  message  of  April  25,  1911: 

"In  view  of  the  favorable  character  of  the  Federal  re- 
port (dated  January  23,  1911)  of  its  findings  that  the 
sum  provided  by  the  Constitutional  amendment  is  suffi- 
cient to  carry  to  completion  the  State's  waterway  and 
water  power  project,  and  of  its  recommendation  of  Fed- 
eral cooperation,  so  far  as  the  interests  of  navigation 
through  our  State  are  concerned,  I  think  there  should 
be  no  further  delay  on  the  part  of  the  State  in  carrying 
out  its  plans" 

Same  message : 

"There  can  be  no  question  therefore  that  the  State  k 
thoroughly  protected  against  an  expenditure  in  excess 
of  $20,000,000,  both  through  the  investigations  and 
judgment  of  the  State  and  Federal  experts  and  by  the 
very  terms  of  the  waterway  bill  itself." 

Special  message  of  June  14,  1911: 

"Moreover,  the  Federal  Government,  which,  as  al- 
ready shown,  has  indicated  its  willingness  to  confer  with 
an  Illinois  commission  upon  the  subject  of  Federal  co- 
operation between  Lockport  and  Utica  and  the  improve- 
ment by  the  Federal  Government  of  the  lower  Illinois 
River,  has  suggested  that  its  action  in  this  matter,  so 
important  to  the  interests  of  our  State,  be  made  depend- 
ent upon  the  prior  action  of  Illinois." 

But  no  showing  of  facts  has  been  sufficient  to 
change  the  attitude  of  certain  members  of  the 

57 


General  Assembly  or  of  the  other  opponents  of 
the  Illinois  waterway  and  water  power  develop- 
ment. They  have  been  proof  against  argument 
and,  as  sometimes  happens  when  large  ard  val- 
uable public  interests  are  at  stake,  a  certain 
class  of  politicians  has  raised  clamor  of  false 
charges  to  confuse  the  public  mind  upon  this 
question.  They  have  asserted  that  Governor 
Deneen's  motive  in  attempting  to  secure  waterway 
legislation  was  to  insure  its  expenditure  during 
his  own  administration  so  as  to  build  up  a  power- 
ful political  machine  upon  favors  extended  to 
contractors  and  politicians  who  would  reap  large 
benefits  therefrom.  Governor  Deneen's  record 
does  not  warrant  any  such  suspicion  or  support 
such  a  charge. 

During  his  administration  the  Governor,  under 
the  law,  has  been  directed  to  expend  vast  sums 
of  money  for  new  buildings  and  other  improve- 
ments, and  every  contract  has  been  let- to  the 
lowest  bidder  and  every  building  constructed 
and  improvement  work  carried  out  without  the 
slightest  scandal  as  to  the  expenditure  of  a  single 
dollar.  No  contractor  or  politician  has  been 
favored;  no  political  machine  has  been  created. 
And  should  this  great  work  be  undertaken  during 
Governor  Deneen's  term  of  office,  the  money 
will  be  expended  with  the  same  honesty  and 
economy,  whether  the  work  is  done  under  con- 
tractors or  directly  by  the  State.  In  the  latter 
event,  all  employes  would  be  civil  service  em- 
ployes and  under  civil  service  supervision  as  to 
merit,  efficiency,  honesty  and  compensation, 
insuring  to  the  State  an  economical  and  efficient 
service.  But  there  is  no  basis  for  any  suspicion. 
Should  the  ^ork  be  done  it  will  be  done  jointly 
by  the  Federal  and  State  governments  under  the 
supervision  of  both. 

In  vie\v,  however,  of  the  action  of  the  people 
in  adopting  the  constitutional  amendment,  of  the 
great  value  of  the  public  interests  involved  and 
of  the  favorable  attitude  of  the  Federal  Govern- 
ment, Governor  Deneen  has  deemed  it  his  duty 
as  far  as  possible  and  as  long  as  possible  to  pre- 
serve for  Illinois  a  situation  in  regard  to  this 
waterway  and  water  power  that  will  enable  the 
State  to  construct  and  develop  them  without 
expense  to  the  taxpayers.  Governor  Deneen  re- 
gards this  as  a  most  important  commercial  and 
conservation  question,  and  should  the  project 
finally  fail  and  private  corporations  reap  the 
benefits  he  proposes  that  no  blame  or  scandal  in 
connection  with  such  failure  shall  attach  to  his 
administration. 

Colonel  Roosevelt,  since  his  nomination  by  the 
Third  party,  has  advocated  the  building  of  the 
Lakes-to-the-Gulf  Deep  Waterway  by  the  Fed- 

58 


eral  Government  and  has  suggested  the  trans- 
fer of  the  machinery  and  organization  now  in 
use  at  the  Panama  Canal  to  the  Mississippi 
Valley  to  carry  on  this  work.  Should  the  Fed- 
eral Government  be  willing  to  do  this  and  under- 
take it  at  once,  it  is  likely  there  would  be  no 
objection  on  the  part  of  the  State  of  Illinois 
because  of  the  great  commercial  advantages 
which  would  accrue  to  our  State.  In  such 
event,  Illinois  would  have  contributed  to  this 
waterway  about  $70,000,000  in  work  on  that 
part  of  the  construction  of  the  Lakes  to  the 
Gulf  channel  extending  from  the  mouth  of  the 
Chicago  River  to  Lockport.  The  water  power 
created  by  the  use  of  the  money  collected  from 
the  tax-payers  of  trje  Chicago  Sanitary  Dis- 
trict would  thus  inure  to  the  advantage  of  the 
Federal  Government  and  to  that  extent  would 
be  a  vast  contribution  by  a  portion  of  the  citi- 
zens of  our  State  in  aid  of  this  National  project. 

But  the  Federal  Government  has  refused  thus 
far  either  to  undertake  or  cooperate  in  the 
construction  of  that  part  of  the  channel  be- 
tween Chicago  and  Utica  and  has  insisted  that 
the  State  or  its  agencies  should  construct  it 
along  plans  prepared  by  the  Federal  Govern- 
•ment.  Its  last  appropriation  for  the  dredging 
of  the  Illinois  River  from  Utica  to  Grafton  was 
conditioned  upon  the  improvement  by  Illinois 
of  that  portion  of  the  waterway  between  Lock- 
port  and  Utica. 

Governor  Deneen's  position  throughout  this 
struggle  has  been  to  preserve  for  the  State  the 
right  to  use  the  water  power  between  Lockport 
and  Utica  so  that  the  State  might  utilize  the 
power  created  through  the  taxation  of  its  citi- 
zens in  order  to  pay  the  expense  of  the  con- 
struction of  the  waterway  between  Lockport 
and  Utica.  Colonel  Roosevelt  has  not  indicated 
his  views  as  to  what  should  be  done  in  refer- 
ence to  the  utilization  of  this  great  water  power. 
Until  the  State  is  secured  in  this  matter,  it 
should  pursue  the  policy  outlined  by  Governor 
Deneen  in  reference  to  its  conservation.  On 
this  matter  the  Republican  Party  platform 
adopted  at  Springfield  April  19,  1912,  states: 

"We  commend  the  administration  also  for  the  strong 
support  it  has  accorded  to  all  efforts  for  the  conserva- 
tion of  the  State's  natural  resources  and  for  its  stead- 
fast adherence  to  the  policy  of  preserving  such  resources, 
wherever  possible,  for  the  public  benefit.  And  we  favor 
the  enactment  of  legislation  authorizing  the  purchase  of 
the  water  power  sites  necessary  to  preserve  for  the  public 
benefit  the  water  power  to  be  developed  in  connection 
with  the  construction  of  the  deep  waterway  provided 
for  in  the  constitutional  amendment  adopted  by  the 
voters  of  Illinois  on  November  3,  1908.  And  for  this 
purpose  we  favor  the  creation  of  a  commission  to  con- 
duct negotiations  and  confer  with  the  Federal  Govern- 

59'. 


ment  with  regard  to  Federal  cooperation  in  the  con- 
struction of  said  waterway  and  the  guaranteeing  of  any 
sum  in  addition  to  the  $20.000,000  provided  by  the 
constitutional  amendment  which  may  be  necessary  to 
complete  it.  The  creation  of  such  a  commission  by 
our  State  has  already  been  invited  by  the  Federal  author- 
ities and  the  cooperation  of  the  Federal  Government 
practically  pledged  in  advance." 

The  Democratic  Platform  enacted  at  Peoria, 
April  19,  1912,  states: 

"We  protest  against  the  expenditure  of  money  belong- 
ing to  the  people  of  this  State  for  the  construction  of 
waterways  until  such  time  as  full  cooperation,  financial 
and  otherwise,  by  the  Federal  Government  has  been 
assured  by  an  Act  of  Congress,  and  then  only  with 
the  provision  that  all  power  sites  which  may  hereafter 
be  created  by  waterway  construction  shall,  before  the 
work  is  commenced,  become  the  property  of  the  State 
and  shall  not  be  sold,  bargained  or  given  away,  but 
shall  be  held  in  ownership  by  the  State." 

The  Progressive  Party,  in  its  State  platform 
adopted  at  Chicago,  August  3rd,  1912,  states: 

"We  demand  immediate  legislative  and  judicial  pro- 
cedure to  restore  and  safeguard  to  the  people  of  the 
State  the  undeveloped  water  power  of  the  Desplaines 
Valley  and  elsewhere  created  by  Nature  or  the  tax- 
payers' money.  Such  legislation  would  include  the 
rescinding  of  the  Twenty-Million-Dollar  Bond  Issue." 

The  Republican  National  Platform,  adopted 
at  Chicago  June  22,  «1912,  states: 

"The  Mississippi  River  is  the  Nation's  drainage  ditch. 
Its  floqdwaters  gathered  from  thirty-one  states  and  the 
Dominion  of  Canada  constitute  an  over-powering  force 
which  breaks  the  levees  and  pours  its  torrents  over  many 
millions  of  acres  of  the  richest  land  in  the  Union,  stopping 
mills,  impeding  commerce  and  causing  great  loss  in  life 
and  property. 

These  floods  are  national  in  scope  and  the  disasters 
they  produce  seriously  affect  the  general  welfare.  The 
State  unaided  cannot  cope  with  this  giant  problem,  hence 
here  we  believe  the  Federal  Government  should  assume  a 
fair  proportion  of  the  burden  of  its  control  so  as  to  pre- 
vent the  disasters  from  recurring  floods." 

The  Democratic  Platform,  adopted  at  Balti- 
more July  2,  states: 

"We  favor  the  cooperation  of  the  United  States  and 
the  respective  states  in  plans  for  the  comprehensive 
treatment  of  all  waterways  with  a  view  to  coordinating 
plans  for  channel  improvement  with  plans  for  drainage 
of  swamps  and  over-flowed  lands,  and  to  this  end  we 
favor  the  appropriation  by  the  Federal  Government  of 
sufficient  funds  to  make  surveys  of  such  lands,  to  develop 
plans  for  draining  such  lands  and  to  supervise  the  work 
of  construction. 

"We  favor  the  adoption  of  a  liberal  and  comprehen- 
sive plan  for  the  development  and  improvement  of  our 
inland  waterways  with  economy  and  efficiency  so  as  to 
promote  their  navigation  by  vessels  of  standard  draft." 

The  Third  Party  Platform,  adopted  at  Chi- 
cago on  August  7,  1912,  states: 

"*  *  *  *  The  equipment,  organization  and  experience 
acquired  in  constructing  the  Panama  Canal  soon  will  be 

60 


available  for  the  Lakes-to-the-Gulf  deep  waterwa  y  and 
other  portions  of  this  great  work,  and  should  be  utilized 
by  the  Nation  in  cooperation  with  the  various  states  at 
the  lowest  net  cost  to  the  people." 


CHAPTER  IX. 
Insurance  Department. 

Insurance  in  its  many  forms  is  of  first  import- 
ance and  reaches  every  household  in  the  State. 
The  total  risks  assumed  in  Illinois  amount  to 
nearly  $3,000,000,000,  and  the  total  premiums 
paid  therefor  to  $100,000,000.  It  is  highly 
important  that  such  vast  interests  be  properly 
conserved  and  carefully  and  intelligently  super- 
vised. 

Under  Governor  Deneen  the  Illinois  Insurance 
Department  has  taken  a  very  advanced  position 
and  ranks  with  the  departments  of  New  York, 
Massachusetts  and  other  old  and  important 
insurance  states. 

More  important  and  beneficial  insurance  legis- 
lation has  been  passed  during  Governor  Deneen's 
administration  than  had  been  enacted  during  the 
30  years  preceding,  and  nearly  all  of  these  laws 
were  advised  by  the  several  messages  of  the 
Governor  and  were  introduced  at  the  suggestion 
of  the  Insurance  Department.  The  most  im- 
portant are  as  follows : 

(a)  To  require   life   insurance   companies  of 
other  states  to  maintain  deposits  of  securities 
for  the  benefit  cf  policy  holders. 

(b)  To  require  life  insurance  companies  to 
maintain  a  reserve  on  their  policies  upon  a  higher 
basis  than  heretofore  required. 

(c)  To  authorize  the  Insurance  Superinten- 
dent to  enlarge  the  information  called  for  in  the 
statements  of  life  insurance  companies. 

(d)  To   prohibit   misrepresentation,    through 
advertisements,  of  the  terms,  benefits  or  advan- 
tages  of   policies   of   life   insurance    companies, 
by  their  officers  or  agents. 

(e)  To  regulate  the  investments  of  the  funds 
of  insurance  companies. 

(f)  To  require  the  salaries  paid  officers,  trustees 
and  directors  of  life  insurance  companies  to  be 
determined  by  the  Board  of  Directors. 

(g)  To  regulate  the  provisions  that  may  be 
contained  in  policies  of  life  insurance  issued  in 
this  State. 

(h)  To  amend  the  law  prescribing  the  form 
of  certificate  on  policies.of  life  insurance  registered 
in  the  department. 

(i)  To  require  biennial  examinations  of  fra- 
ternal societies  by  the  insurance  department. 

61 


(j)  Establishing  the  office  of  Fire  Marshal, 
and  prescribing  his  dutio. 

(k)  Regulating  Lloyds,  Inter  Insurers  and 
other  forms  of  fire  insurance  hitherto  unlicensed 
and  outside  of  State  supervision. 

(1)  Establishing  pension  funds  for  firemen, 
policemen,  police  matrons  and  park  policemen. 

(m)  Permitting  the  establishing  and  mainte- 
nance of  hospitals  and  sanitoriums  for  afflicted 
members  of  fraternal  societies. 

(n)  Permitting  the  amendment  of  the  charters 
of  life  insurance  companies  providing  for  the 
reinsurance  and  consolidation  of  life  insurance 
companies. 

(o)  Permitting  life  insurance  companies  with 
sufficient  capital  to  do  health  and  accident 
business. 

(p)  Permitting  assessment  accident  companies 
to  do  the  business  of  health  insurance. 

Many  of  the  Illinois  laws  have  been  followed 
by  other  states.  The  reforms  have  all  been 
brought  about  under  the  Deneen  administration 
without  serious  interference  with  the  insurance 
business  and  to  the  satisfaction  of  the  insuring 
public  and  the  insurers. 

CHAPTER  X. 
State  Fire  Marshal's  Department. 

This  department,  created  by  the  act  of  1909,  was 
first  open  for  business  July  1,  1911.  The  depart- 
ment is  composed  of  a  fire  marshal,  an  assistant 
fire  marshal  and  16  deputy  State  fire  marshals. 
In  addition  to  these,  17  deputy  fire  marshals  are 
appointed  to  report  fires  occurring  outside  of 
incorporated  towns  and  villages  in  the  17  Illinois- 
counties  not  under  township  organization. 

From  the  first  of  August  to  the  31st  of  Decem- 
ber, 1911,  68  indictments  for  arson  and  kindred 
crimes,  and  35  indictments  for  conspiracy  to 
defraud  insurance  companies,  were  returned. 
In  the  investigation  of  these  crimes,  the  Fire 
Marshal's  Department  has  cooperated  with  the 
state's  attorneys  of  the  respective  counties  in 
which  they  occurred,  and  also  in  the  preparation 
of  the  cases  for  trial. 

During  this  period  there  were  reported  1,329 
fires  in  counties  outside  of  Cook  County  and  110  . 
suspicious  fires  in  Cook  County,  which  have 
been  investigated  by  the  department.  Counties 
outside  of  Cook  County  make  their  reports  to 
the  main  office  of  the  department  at  Springfield, 
whilst  Chicago  fires  are  reported  to  a  branch 
office  maintained  by  the  department  in  that  city, 
where  four  deputy  fire  marshals  have  charge  of 
the  work  and  conduct  the  investigation  as  well 

H2 


as  the  prosecution  of  Chicago  cases  in  cooperation 
\rith  the  city  authorities. 

In  addition  to  this  class  of  work,  the  depart- 
ment is  also  engaged  in  investigations  looking 
to  the  diminution  of  fire  waste  and  fire  losses  in 
this  State,  and  in  urging  upon  city  councils  and 
other  municipal  bodies  more  rigid  restrictions 
as  to  hazardous  fire  conditions,  the  passing  of 
model  fire  insurance  ordinances  and  the  passage 
of  fire  limit  laws.  The  necessity  for  this  work 
is  obvious  from  the  fact  that  fire  losses  in  Illinois 
List  year  reached  the  enormous  total  of  $10,000,- 
000. 

This  department  is  not  maintained  by  State 
taxation  but  by  a  tax  of  one-fourth  of  one  per- 
cent upon  fire  insurance  companies  doing  business 
in  Illinois,  and  it  is  confidently  expected  that  the 
work  of  the  Department  will  ultimately  result 
in  greatly  reducing  fire  losses  and  also  the  prem- 
iums for  fire  insurance  in  this  State  without  any 
cost  to  the  tax  payers  therefor. 

CHAPTER  XI. 
Railroad  and  Warehouse  Commission. 

One  of  the  branches  of  the  public  service  in 
which  excellent  progress  has  been  made  during 
Governor  Deneen's  administration  is  that  having 
to  do  with  the  regulation  of  public  service  cor- 
porations. The  law  governing  this  subject  has 
been  thoroughly  revised  and  many  additional 
powers  of  regulation  and  supervision  have  been 
conferred  upon  the  State  Railroad  and  Warehouse 
Commission.  These  include: 

a.  Jurisdiction  over  express  companies,  under 
which  rates  have  been  reduced   approximately 
twenty  per  cent  under  order  of  the  commission 
issued  last  October.      This  reduction  has  been 
accepted  without  question  and  Illinois  business 
men  are  today  enjoying  the  benefit. 

b.  Jurisdiction  over  steamboat  and  sleeping 
car  lines. 

c.  Power  to  make  joint  rates  on  two  or  more 
lines  of  railroads. 

d.  Power   to   regulate   rates   for   demurrage, 
storage,  and  all  other  charges  incident  to  trans- 
portation in  the  State. 

e.  Power  to  require  physical  connection  be- 
tween railroads  at  intersecting  points. 

f.  Power  to  fix  switching  rates. 

g.  Power  to  inquire  into  the  business  manage- 
ment of  all  common  carriers. 

h.  Power  to  make  investigations  regarding 
complaints  of  shippers  and  as  to  methods  of 
adjustment  of  such  complainte. 

i.  Power  to  fix  a  less  charge  for  a  longer  than 
for  a  shorter  haul  of  property  or  persons. 

6-3 


The  office  of  State  Inspector  of  Safety  Applian- 
ces was  created  in  1905  for  the  inspection  of 
automatic  couplers,  power  brakes  and  other  safety 
appliances  and  to  enforce  the  law  requiring  their 
use  upon  railroads  for  the  greater  safety  of  railroad 
employes  and  the  traveling  public. 

Under  a  petition  filed  in  1902,  an  investigation 
was  conducted  in  1905  by  the  Railroad  and 
Warehouse  Commission  under  Governor  Deneen's 
direction  with  the  result  that  on  January  1,  1906, 
the  Railroad  and  Warehouse  Commission  issued 
a  new  schedule  and  classification  of  freight  rates, 
reducing  such  rates  on  the  merchandise  classes 
Nos.  1  to  5,  inclusive,  20%;  and  on  July  1st 
following  an  order  was  issued  reducing  carload 
classes,  Nos.  6  to  10,  inclusive,  from  10%  down- 
ward. 

The  following  facts  showing  the  magnitude  of 
Illinois'  transportation  interests  will  be  of  interest : 

The  mileage  of  main  track,  steam  railroads,  is 
12,148.05,  which  is  an  increase  of  22.18  miles  over 
last  year.  There  are  now  2,774.32  miles  of  second, 
third,  fourth  and  additional  main  tracks,  which  is 
an  increase  of  262.76  miles;  industrial  tracks, 
546.71,  an  increase  of  8 1.98 miles; yard  tracks  and 
sidings,  6,897.29,  an  increase  of  231.06  miles.  A 
total  for  all  kinds  of  tracks  of  steam  railroads  of 
22,366.37  miles. 

The  mileage  of  interurban  electric  railways,  that 
being  the  only  class  of  electric  roads  reporting  to 
this  commission,  is  as  follows:  Main  line  and 
branches,  1,441.47,  an  increase  for  the  year  of 
65.75  miles;  additional  main  tracks,  206.41  miles; 
industrial  tracks,  33.56  miles,  an  increase  of  30.28 
miles;  yard  tracks  and  sidings,  121.20  miles;  an 
increase  of  18.07  miles.  A  total  of  all  kinds  of 
tracks  of  electric  railroads  of  1,802.64  miles,  an 
increase  for  the  year  of  111.68  miles. 

The  total  for  both  steam  and  electric  railroads 
in  the  State  of  Illinois,  for  the  year  ending  June 
30,  1911,  of  all  kinds  of  tracks  is  24,169.01,  an 
increase  for  the  year  of  709.66  miles,  and  is  classi- 
fied in  the  following  table: 

Surface 

Steam  and 

rail-         elevated        Total, 
roads.         electric 

^  R..R-— 

Classification. 

Vlain  line  and  branches. . .  12,148.05       1,441.47     13,589.52 
Second,  third,  fourth  and 
additional  main  tracks.  2,774.32          206.41       2,980.73 

Industrial  tracks 546.71  33.56         580.27 

Yard  tracks  and  sidings..   6,897.29          121.20      7,018.49 

Total 22,366.37       1,802.64     24,169.01 

The  following  shows  the  amounts  paid  by  the  public  for 
ransportation  and  the  expenditure  of  the  railroads  for 
abor  and  material: 


Operating   revenue,    $201,301,354.      Increase   for   the 

year,  $8,776,087. 

Operating  expenses,  $145,142,678.    Increase,  $6,361,537. 

Passengers  carried  earning  revenue,  84,584,001 '.  Increase 
for  the  year,  3,431,536.. 

Passenger  revenue  per  mile  of  road,  $3,929. 

Tons  of  freight  carried  earning  revenue,  185,837,049: 
Decrease  for  the  year,  tons,  529,012. 

Total  employes,  Illinois,  150,435.  Increase  for  the  year, 
5,840. 

Total  yearly  compensa'tion,  all  employe's,  $105,630,773. 
Increase  for  {he  year,  $9,539,847. 

Average  rate  of  pay,  per  day,  all  employe's,  $2.44. 

The  commission  for  more,  than  two  years  has 
personally  or  by  a  direct  representative  in- 
vestigated every  accident  resulting  in  loss  of  life 
occurring  within  this  State,  and  in  a  number  of 
instance's  has  cited  the  railroads  and  held  a 
public  and  an  exhaustive  investigation  thereof, 
and  has  promulgated  a  number  of  rules  that  will 
materially  help  to  minimize  accidents. 

The  commission  has  inspected  practically  all 
of  the  equipment  on  the  respective  roads  within 
this  State  in  relation  -to  safety. appliances,  and  a 
great  improvement  has  been  made  along  this 
line. 

Many  of  the  leading  roads  of  the  State  have 
been  inspected  by  the  commission  during  the 
last  year,  and  the  plan  was  adopted  of  notifying 
all  commercial  bodies  and  city  and  village  offi- 
cials of  all  the  stations  along  the  line,  requesting 
the  citizens  to  meet  the  commission  and  present 
any  matter  of  improvement  or  complaint  in  rela- 
tion to  transportation  matters,  and  at  each  of  the 
larger  cities,  where  the  commission  remained 
over  night,  informal  meetings  were  held  with 
the  business  interests  of  the  city.  This  innova- 
tion in  inspection  has  brought  together  the 
people  and  railroad  officials  with  the  commission 
and  has  resulted  in  great  good  throughout  the 
State. 

The  commission  recently,  after  an  exhaustive 
hearing,  rendered  a  decision  that  common  car- 
riers could  not  make  an  .additional  charge  to  the 
shipper  for  car  rental  other  than  the  regular 
charge  for  transportation.  This  is  a  very  im- 
portant holding,  beneficial  to  all  shippers. 

The  commission  has  given  more  attention  to 
the  matter  of  local  needs  along  the  line  of  the 
several  roads  for  elevators,  transportation  of 
grain  and  stock,  etc.,  than  at  any  period  in  its 
history.  Recently,  or  to  be  specific,  on  August 
1,  1912,  the  commission  issued  a  circular  letter 
to  the  managers  of  all  the  railroads  in  the  State, 
calling  their  attention  to  the  annual  shortage 
.  of  equipment  and  power  to  move  grain,  coal 
and  other  products  of  the  State  and  requesting 
that  the  engines  and  cars  be  brought  to  the 
highest  state  of  efficiency,  'especially  in  view  of 


an  expected  unprecedented  large  crop  of  all 
kinds  of  grain.  The  general  managers  are  all 
replying  promptly  accepting  the  suggestions  of 
the  commission  and  in  many  cases  replying  that 
the  only  drawback  they  are  experiencing  is  a 
lack  of  men  to  do  the  work  in  their  shops  and 
yards. 

This  commission,  under  the  present  adminis- 
tration, is  not  one  of  political  activity,  but  is 
organized  and  operating  .on  a  purely  business 
basis,  looking  particularly  to  the  interests  of  the 
people.  Its  hearings  are  thorough  and  its 
opinions  and  decisions  are  concurred  in  as  being 
fair  and  just  by  both  railroads  and  shippers. 
and  are  being  Quoted  and  followed  extensively 
throughout  the  country  by  other  commissions. 

The  Dolicy  adopted  by  the  commission  and 
which  it  has  Dut  into  operation  successfully  >  has 
resulted  in  bringing  the  Deople  and  the  common 
carriers  more  closely  together  than  heretofore, 
and  it  is  a  well  known  fact  throughout  the  State 
that  through  the  influence  of  the  commission 
th&  common  carriers  are  more  thoroughly  co- 
ODerating  with  ths  commission  and  with  the 
people  in  the  interests  of  all  than  at  any  former 
period. 


_:  Ox"  Levers.  sessions  o*  the 
i/lie  Governor,  in  his  messages.,  hu£.  recomnendcc 
•GO  the  Legislature  the  passing  of  an  act.  abolish- 
ing the  use  of  railway  passes  by  persons  engaged 
in  the  public  service.  In  recommending  the 
passage  of  such  legislation  to  the  General  As- 
sembly, Governor  Denecn  in  his  biennial  message 


"In  my  opinion  the  use  of  such  passes  has 
?rown  to  .such  proportions  as  to  constitute  a 
public  evil/'1  and  that  "It  is  clear  that  the  ULC 
:>f  passes  is  destructive  of  that  equal  treatment 
which  should  be  accorded  to  all  citizens  in  the 
ULC  oj  these  public  highways.  In  the  last  analysis 
it  is  obvious  that  thoso  who  are  furnished  free 
transportation  ride  at  the  expense  of  those  whe 
are  not  granted  that  privilege.  It  needs  nc 
argument  to  demonstrate  that  the  man  who  pay: 
nis  fare  should  not  be  penalized  for  the  benefit 
of  the  man  who  desires  to  travel  at  his  expense. 

"Many  other  states  have  enacted  laws  and 
Congress  recently  enacted  an  anti-pass  law 
covering  interstate  transportation,  which  will 
be  more  or  less  hampered  in  its  operation  until 
supplemental  legislation  is  enacted  by  the  state 
governments.  I  cannot  but  believe  that  the 
national  sentiment  against  the  use  of  railroad 

6G 


passes  by  public  officials  is  shared  by  the  people 
of  Illinois,  and  that  this  sentiment  should  find 
expression  in  the  enactment  of  suitable  legislation." 

CHAPTER  XIII. 
Factory  Inspection. 

The  State  of. Illinois  is  now  a  great  agricul- 
tural, manufacturing,  mining,  commercial  and 
transportation  state,  teeming  with  a  vigorous, 
wide-awake,  progressive  population.  Surpassed 
in  numbers  and  in  the  value  of  its  manufactured 
product  only  by  New  York  and  Pennsylvania,  it 
is  thoroughly  aroused  to  its  responsibility,  not  only 
for  the  conservation  of  its  natural  resources,  but 
for  the  conservation  of  its  human  resources. 
The  State  has  recognized  its  dependence  upon 
its  workers  for  its  material  progress  and  the  duty 
of  promoting  their  health,  comfort  and  general 
welfare. 

The  Illinois  Deoartment  of  Factory  Inscection 
is  the  State  agency  directly  charged  with  securing 
to  the  industrial  employes,  the  protection  of 
laws  enacted  for  their  physical  well-being.  The 
results  obtained  by  this  department  through 
the  enactment  and  enforcement  of  laws  directed 
to  promote  the  health,  safety  and  comfort  of 
the  wage-earner  arc  matter:,  of  general  knowledge 
•:e  those  directly  Interested,  in  social  and  indus- 
trial legislation;  but  the  remarkable  growth  of 
the  Wwrk  of  the  department,  the  extent  of  its 
duties,  and  the  success  attending  its  efforts 
nave  not  been  so  generally  comprehended.  It 
Is  with  the  desire  to  acquaint  the  people  of  the 
entire  Commonwealth  writh  the  work  accomplished 
in  behalf  of  the  conservation  of  human  resources 
in  this  State,  that  the  following  survey  is  given. 

In  1904  the  Illinois  Department  of  Factory 
Inspection  consisted  of  a  Chief,  an  Assistant 
Chief,  and  eighteen  deputies,  who  had  for  their 
ioie  work  the  enforcement  of  three  laws,  viz : 

(1)  "An  Act  to  regulate  the  Manufacture  c: 
"'lothiug  and  Wearing  Apparel."     (Sweat  Shop 
Act); 

(2)  "'An  Act  to  Provide  Blowers  {or  Meta. 
Policing  Whcoh;" 

(3)'  The  very  excellent  Illinois  Child  Labor 
Lav/. 

While  good  results  were  accomplished  in  the 
enforcement  of  the  above  regulations,  the  State 
was  very  lacking  in  laws  providing  for  the 
health,  safety  and  comfort  of  working  people. 
There  was  no  statute  providing  for  the  guarding 
of  hazardous  or  dangerous  machinery,  or  re- 
'  quiring  industrial  establishments  to  observe 
recognized  standards  of  ventilation,  sanitation 
and  general  hygiene,  and  there  were  no  statutory 

67 


measures  providing  for  the  reduction  of  industrial 
accidents. 

One  of  the  first  acts  of  the  present  adminis- 
tration was  a  thorough  investigation  of  the 
entire  question  of  factory  legislation  both  in 
this  country  and  abroad,  having  in  view  the 
framing  for  submission  to  the  legislature  of  laws 
necessary  for. the  protection  of  the  men,  women 
and  children  who  are  at  work  in  our  industries. 
Much  has  been  accomplished  along  this  line.  A 
review  of  the  laws  enacted  and  the  results  ob- 
tained will  be  conclusive  proof  that  Illinois  now 
holds  a  foremost  place  among  the  states  that  have 
enacted  protective  statutes  to  keep  pace  with 
their  industrial  growth. 

In  1907,  the  Department  of  Factory  Inspec- 
tion was  entirely  reorganized  and  for  the  first 
time  rtia'de  a  separate  department  of  the  State 
government.  ..  Since  that  time,  its  powers  have 
been  greatly  enlarged  and  its  duties  extended 
through  the  enactment,  of  new  legislation,  the 
regulation  of  the  various  classes  of  employment, 
and  the  more  rigid. enforcement  of  existing  laws. 
During  the  past  seven  and  a  half  years  477,562 
inspections  have  been  made  as  against  128,327 
inspections  for  the  ten  years,  previous. 

Complete  and  modern  business  systems  were 
inaugurated,  card  index  systems  installed,  ex- 
tended compilations  of  commercial  statistics, 
material  data  and  information  for  the  public 
gathered.  A  modern,  thorough  inspection  sys- 
tem was  inaugurated,  together  with  improved 
means  for  recording  the  daily  work  of  each 
inspector. 

Formerly,  there  was  little  or  no  effort  towards 
cooperation  between  school  officials  and  factory 
inspectors  relative  to  children  who  were  dis- 
charged from  employment,  or  were  not  attending 
school.  Our  efforts  in  this  direction  have  re- 
sulted in  a  well-defined  and  well-working  system 
of  cooperation  between  the  school  officials, 
juvenile  probation  officers,  child  saving  "  so- 
cieties, labor  organizations,  merchants'  associa- 
tions, civic  and  social  organizations,  and  the.. 
Factory  Inspection  Department.  -Clear  and 
specific  plans  of  cooperation  are  in  effect,  and 
as  a  result,  there  has  been  secured  a  more  effec- 
tive enforcement  of  the  Child  Labor  Law. 
Thousands  of  children  have  been  returned  to 
school,  and  an  increased  school  attendance  is 
apparent  throughout  the  State. 

During  the  present  administration,  the  follow- 
ing laws  have  been  placed  upon  the  statute 
books  and  charged  to  the  Department  of  Factory 
Inspection  for  enforcement:  .  '.  .  . 

"An  Act  to  provide  for  the  health,  safety  and 
c'omfort  of  employes  in  factories,  mills  and 


workshops,"  in  eft'ect  Jan. -'- 1,  1910,  providing 
for  the  promotion  of  the  health,  safety  and  com- 
fort of  industrial  workers,  for  the  guarding  of 
hazardous  and  dangerous  machinery,  for  the 
establishment  of  proper  ventilation,  sanitation 
and  hygiene  in  factories,  mills  and  workshops, 
the  reporting  of  industrial  accidents,  seats  for 
women  employes,  etc.  The  department  in  en- 
forcing this  law,  has  carefully  inspected  over 
8,000  establishments,  with  the  result  of  promoting 
the  health  of  the  men  and  women  employed, 
and  improving  their  efficiency,  with  a  considerable 
decrease  in  the  number  of  industrial  accidents. 

"An  Act  to  protect  men  engaged  in  the 
alteration  and  repair  of  bridges,  buildings  and 
viaducts,"  a  law  to  be  used  directly  for  pro- 
tection against  accidents  to  men  engaged  in 
building  trades.  Adequate  provisions  are  now 
required  to  prevent  the  men  from  falling  great 
distances,  also  to  insure  the  use  of  the  proper 
material,  hoists,  derricks,  tackle  and  scaffolding 
by  contractors  and  erectors.  The  cooperation 
of  the  Building  Commissioners  has,  to  a  great 
extent,  been  secured,  and  it  is  worthy  of  mention 
that  industrial  accidents  .in  the  building  trades 
have  been  reduced  over  "one-third  in  the  City 
of  Chicago  alone,  since  the  enactment  and  en- 
forcement of  this  law. 

The  department  recommended  and  secured 
the  passage  of  a  resolution  creating  an  Occupa- 
tional Disease  Commmision,  which  made  an 
investigation  of  the  various  industrial  establish- 
ments in  the  State,  where  industrial  poisons  were 
handled,  with  the  intent  of  drafting  a  law  em- 
bodying a  provision  to  guard  the  worker  from 
contracting  what  is  known  as  "occupational 
disease,"  through  the  handling  of  such  poisons. 
As  a  result,  there  was  enacted  the  "Occupational 
Disease  Law."  Illinois  thus  won  the  distinction 
of  being  the  first  and  only  state  in  the  Union  to 
protect  its  industrial  workers  against  contracting 
industrial  diseases.  In  enforcing  this  law,  an 
inspection  of  over  300  establishments  has  been 
made,  from  which  over  200  oases  of  lead  posioning 
have  been  reported.  One  large  plant  reported 
73  cases,  and  as  a  result  of  the  compliance  with 
orders  and  instructions  issued  by  this  depart- 
ment, made  changes  in  the  plant  and  protected 
the  men.  They  now  report  not  a  single  instance 
of  lead  posioning  in  the  past  five  months. 

The  "Woman's  Ten  Hour  Law"  originally 
enacted  in  1909  and  amended  in  1911  is  the  most 
comprehensive  ten-hour  law  in  the  country. 
In  enforcing  its  provisions,  this  department  has 
made  over  27,000  inspections  within  the  last 
three  years.  Our  efforts  have  had  an  educational 
as  well  as  a  protectional  intent,  and  it  is  gratifying 


to  know  that  the  law,  as  a  whole,  is  exceptionally 
well  obeyed.  The  purpose  of  the  law  is  coming 
to  be  more  and  more  understood  and  approved, 
and  instead  of  meeting  the  opposition  on  the 
part  of  the  manufacturers,  originally  shown  when 
the  bill  was  pending  in  the  Legislature,  it  is 
steadily  becoming  appreciated  and  receiving 
universal  endorsement. 

One  of  the  most  important  laws  enforced  by 
the  Factory  Inspection  Department  is  the  Child 
Labor  Law,  which  has  long  been  considered,  nol 
only  an  excellent  measure,  but  an  example  whose 
provisions  have  been  copied  by  numerous  com- 
monwealths. During  the  past  seven  and  a  hall 
years,  the  department  has  made  451,679  inspec- 
tions in  the  enforcement  of  this  Act.  In  1901. 
previous  to  the  enactment  of  the  present  law. 
there  were  19,831  children  employed  in  17,209 
establishments  inspected;  showing  for  that  year 
that  out  of  1,000  persons  employed,  41  were 
children  under  the  age  of  16  years.  Today  even 
with  the  great  growth  and  size  and  number  of 
industrial  establishments,  we  have  only  15 
children  to  1,000  adults  employed.  This  is  the 
lowest  percentage  of  any  state  in  the  Union. 
It  surely  must  be  gratifying  to  the  people  of  the 
Commonwealth  to  know  that  Illinois  stands  first 
among  all  the  states  in  the  suppression  of  child 
labor. 

The  department  has  made  2,614  inspections 
of  Metal  Polishing  establishments  to  test  the 
adequacy  of  the  systems  for  carrying  away 
impurities  in  the  air.  Where  establishments, 
have  failed  to  install  adequate  systems  of  exhaust, 
the  department  has  issued  and  executed  orders, 
requiring  the  installation,  without  unnecessary 
delay,  of  the  proper  exhaust  or  blower  equipment 
for  the  protection  of  the  health  of  the  employes. 
It  is  now  generally  recognized  throughout  the 
trade  in  the  country  that  the  Illinois  statute  is 
most  thoroughly  enforced  and  complied  with. 
The  department  has  received  special  commen- 
dation in  an  editorial  from  the  National  Associa- 
tion of  Metal  Polishers  for  the  improvement  in 
conditions  in  metal  polishing  plants  of  the  State. 

Under  the  "Sweat  Shop  Act,"  of  direct  interest 
and  importance  to  the  general  public  as  well  as 
to  the  workers,  frequent  and  most  thorough 
iaspections  of  garment  manufacturing  establish- 
ments have-  been  made,  and  the  manufacturers 
are  responding  to  the  requirements  of  the  inspec- 
tors that  their  shops  be  put  in  clean  and  sanitary 
condition,  insuring  more  healthful  surroundings 
for  the  employes,  and  securing  to  the  public 
greater  protection  from  contagion  and  epidemic, 
which,  in  the  past,  have  so  often  been  traced  to 
the  sweat  shop. 

70 


The  Department  of  Factory  Inspection  is  con- 
ducted, not  only  as  a  prosecuting  department, 
but  also  as  an  educational  agency,  endeavoring 
to  enforce  the  laws  by  having  them  first  well 
understood,  and  by  making  exhaustive  efforts 
to  bring  the  provisions  of  the  new  laws  to  the 
attention  of  the  employer  and  to  the  general 
public,  and  after  this  educational  campaign,  in- 
sisting upon  strict  compliance  with  the  law. 

Besides  a  Complaint  Bureau  for  the  receipt 
of  complaints,  an  Information  Bureau  is  main- 
tained for  matters  of  general  information  and 
interest  pertinent  to  the  department  work,  con- 
cerning the  laws  to  be  enforced,  or  the  prob- 
lems under  investigation.  It  is  worthy  of  note 
that,  during  the  past  year,  representatives  of  a 
number  of  Commissions  of  Labor  and  of  Fac- 
tory Inspection,  from  California  on  the  west  to 
New  York  and  South  Carolina  on  the  east  have 
visited  the  department  for  the  purpose  of  study- 
ing its  work  and  methods,  making  inspections 
with  its  Chief  and  Deputies,  and  adopting  many 
of  its  suggestions/ 

The  work  of  ths  department  has  been,  ser- 
iously handicapped  from  time  to  time  because 
the  General  Assembly, .  after  enacting  beneficial 
laws  and  enlarging  the  powers  of  the  depart* 
ment,  has  failed  to  provide  appropriations  suf- 
ficient to  secure  their  effective  enforcement. 

Within  the  pott  few  months,  the  work  of  the 
department  has  again  been  reorganized,  and 
placed  upon  a  more  scientific  basis,  having  added 
u>  its  corps  of  workers,  trained  mechanics  and 
engineers,  physicians,  statisticians  and  chemists, 
thus  enabling  it  to  specialize  in  its  inspections 
by  having  mechanics  make  inspections  relative 
to  machinery;  electricians,  questions  relative  to 
electricity;  physicians,  questions  relative  to  dis- 
ease and  health;  inspectors  especially  qualified 
in  ventilation  and  hygiene,  for  inspections  rela- 
tive to  such  subjects.  Physicians  and  chemists 
have  been  kept  continuously  at  work  in  'th( 
study  and  handling  of  industrial  poisons  in  ordei 
to  eliminate  the  direct  causes  of  occupationa 
diseases.  The  general  inspectors  are  especially 
selected  through  Competitive  examinations  t< 
assist  in  the  special  investigations  and  to  co 
operate  in  the  general  work  of  enforcing  th< 
factory  inspection  laws. 

The  department  now  plans  a  wider  publicity 
for  the  results  accomplished.  Quarterly  bulle 
tins  will  be  issued,  giving  reports  of  department 
actively  at  work,  reports  of  inspections  mad 
and  prosecutions  held,  and  concerned  especial! 
with  the  dissemination  of  intelligent  informatio: 
concerning  the  requirements  of  the  law,  and  hoi 
best  to  observe  the 'law;  by  aiding  the  shop  CD 

"  7l 


gineer'or  mechanic,  through  illustration  and  dia- 
gram, to  construct  suitable  and  inexpensive  safety 
devices;  issuing  rules,  regulations  and  information 
concerning  ventilation  and  shop  hygiene;  issuing 
information  relative  to  child  labor  investigations, 
the  regulation  of  employment  of  women,  etc. 
The  aim  of  the  department  is  to  insure  to 
the  employer  a  careful,  thorough,  impartial, 
technical  inspection  of  his  plant,  store  or  shop; 
and  to  the  employe,  man,  woman  or  child,  the 
highest  standard  of  scientific  protection  to  life 
and  limb,  thus  making  our  inspection  service  of 
worth  and  value  to  the  employe  and  employer 
alike,  necessarily  resulting  in  increased  bene- 
ficial results  to  all  classes  of  the  general  public 
who  are  directly  concerned  or  affected  by  social 
and  industrial  conditions. 

CHAPTER  XIV. 
Labor  Legislation. 

In  legislation  affecting  various  classes  of  em- 
ployment Illinois  has  taken  a  most  advanced 
position  during  Governor  Deneen's  administra- 
tion. Numerous  laws  for  the  better  protection 
of  men  and  women  engaged  in  many  lines  of 
industry  have  been  enacted  and  the  powers  and 
duties  of  the  State  Factory  Inspection  Depart- 
ment greatly  enlarged  for  their  enforcement. 
These  laws  cover  such  subjects  as  the  health, 
comfort  and  safety  of  men  and  women  employed 
in  different  kinds  of  mercantile  establishments, 
mills  and  workshops;  the  affording  of  additional 
protection  to  men  engaged  in  structural  work; 
the  requiring  of  the  better  safeguarding  of 
hazardous  and  dangerous  machinery  and  the 
use  of  safety  devices  in  connection  with  machines 
employed  in  the  metal  polishing  trades,  and 
other  important  matters. 

Among  the  laws  of  this  character  enacted  since 
Governor  Deneen  assumed  office  may  be  men- 
tioned : 

1905.  Law  enacted  requiring  railroads  to  equip 
cars  with  automatic  couplers; 

The  law  amending  the  mining  act  by  requiring 
mine  examiners  at  all  mines; 

Law  prohibiting  the  employment  of  boys  under 
16  years  of  age  and  women  and  girls  of  any  age 
in  or  about  mines; 

The  act  amending  the  code  of  signals  in  use  at 
coal  mines; 

The  act  requiring  the  employment  of  shot 
firers  in  coal  mines. 

1907.  The  :act  increasing  the  indemnity  for 
loss  of  life  in  mine  accidents; 

The  act  regulating  the  use  of  blasting  powder; 

*  72 


The  act  amending  the  shot  firers'  law  specifying 
their  qualifications  and  rules  for  shot  firing; 

The  act  requiring  employers  to  report  accidents 
to  employes  to  the  State  Bureau  of  Labor  Sta- 
tistics; 

The  act  amending  the  Mining  Law  by  requiring 
the  construction  of  refuge  places  between  the 
mine  walls  and  car  tracks; 

^The  act  creating  the  State  Mining  Board  and 
providing  for  the  examination  of  mine  inspectors, 
mine  managers,  hoisting  engineers  and  mine 
examiners,  and  regulating  mine  ventilation; 

The  act  creating  the  Department  of  State 
Factory  Inspection; 

The  act  for  the  protection  of  men  engaged  in 
structural  work. 

1908.  The  act  requiring  the  examination  of 
coal  miners  to  prevent  employment  of  incompe- 
tent persons; 

Amendment  of  act  creating  State  Bureau  of 
Labor  Statistics  and  directing  employers  to  fur- 
nish bureau  every  facility  for  gathering  statis- 
tics. 

1909.  Joint  resolution  providing  for  railroad 
investigation  commission ; 

Act  providing  for  guarding  and  protection  of 
employes  in  use  of  hazardous  and  dangerous 
machinery; 

Act  providing  for  examination  of  coal  miners 
by  miners'  examining  boards  appointed  by 
county  judges; 

Act  providing  for  the  establishment  of  Depart- 
ment of  Mining  Engineering  at  State  University ; 

Act  creating  Board  of  Barbers'  Examiners; 

Act  directing  State  Bureau  of  Labor  Statistics 
to  collect  statistical  data  of  manufactures,  in- 
dustries and  commerce  of  the  State; 

Act  providing  for  mining  investigation  com- 
mission for  general  revision  of  coal  mining  laws 
of  State,  and  recommendation  of  laws  to  promote 
the  safety  of  men  employed  in  mines  and  to 
suggest  means  for  conservation  of  the  coal  de- 
posits of  the  State; 

Act  requiring  the  issuance  of  certificates  to 
men  engaged  in  the  plumbing  business  in  cer- 
tain cities; 

The  act  providing  for  the  size  and  equipment 
of  caboose  cars  on  railroads,  to  be  enforced  by  the 
Railroad  and  Warehouse  Commission; 

Act  relating  to  Private  Employment  Agencies ; 

The  act  providing  for  a  ten-hour  day  for 
women  in  mechanical  establishments,  factories 
or  laundries. 

1910.  The  act  providing  for  fire  fighting  and 
rescue  stations  in  coal  fields; 

Act  providing  for  fire  fighting  equipment  in 
coal  mines. 


1911.  The  act  providing  for  a  commission  to 
revise  the  building  laws; 

Act  providing  for  the  establishment  and  main- 
tenance of  Miners'  and  Mechanics'  Institutes; 

The  act  providing  for  employment  on  public 
works  in  cities  and  villages; 

Act  prohibiting  certain  employments  in  base- 
ments; 

Act  relating  to  oil  and  gas  wells  in  the  vicinity 
of  coal  mines; 

Workmen's  Compensation  Act  providing  com- 
pensation for  accidental  injury  or  death; 

Act  to  afford  protection  against  occupational 
diseases; 

Act  providing  for  a  ten-hour  workday  for 
women. 

The  comparative  advancement  made  in  labor 
legislation  by  our  State  is  shown  by  the  following, 
diagram  on  the  opposite  page,  prepared  and 
issued  by  the  Illinois  State  Federation  of 
Labor. 


CHAPTER  XV. 
State  Mining  Board. 

During  Governor  Deneen's-  administration  our 
State  Mining  Laws  have  been  completely  revised. 
The  revision  of  these  laws  was  prepared  by  the 
Mining  Investigation  Commission  created  in  1909 
and  composed  equally  of  miners,  operators  and 
experts,  and  their  work  has  placed  our  mining 
laws  in  advance  of  those  of  any  other  state  in  the 
protection  they  afford  to  the  health  and  safety  of 
those  engaged  in  this  occupation. 

The  enforcement  of  the  mine  inspection  service 
provided  for  by  our  State  Mining  Laws  is  placed 
under  the  jurisdiction  of  a  State  Mining  Board 
which  during  Governor  Deneen's  administration 
has  been  one  of  the  most  active  departments  of 
the  State  government.  The  following  is  a  brief 
summary  of  some  of  the  things  accomplished  since 
Governor  Deneen  assumed  office: 

Since  January,,  1905,  39  examinations  for  mine 
managers,  mine  examiners  and  hoisting  engineers 
have  been  held. 

On  April  19,  1905,  upon  the  recommendation 
of  Governor  Deneen  the  State  Mining  Board  went 
in  a  body  to  Ziegler,  111.,  to  investigate  an  explosion 
in  the  Ziegler  Coal  Company's  mine.  The  result 
was  a  thorough  and  impartial  examination  of 
the  conditions  in  the  mine,  which  has  been  of 
the  greatest  value  in  subsequent  efforts  to  prevent 
the  repetition  of  such  disasters. 

On  April  16,  1906,  the  board  adopted  a  reso- 
lution governing  the  granting  of  certificates  to 
local  mine  managers.  Formerly  they  had  been 
issued  on  presentation  of  application  signed  by 
ten  men  and  endorsed  by  the  State  Mine  Inspec- 
tors. This  system  was  found  unsatisfactory  and 
from  a  legal  standpoint  the  validity  of  the  certi- 
ficates was  questioned.  Hereafter  local  mine 
managers  to  be  known  as  2nd  class  mine  mana- 
gers are  to  be  required  to  come  before  the  board 
for  examination  as  to  their  knowledge  and  ability 
to  run  mines  employing  less  than  ten  men. 

The  dangers  incident  to  the  work  of  coal  min- 
ing make  every  attempt  to  increase  the  efficiency 
of  employes  in  coal  mines  of  great  importance  in 
the  prevention  of  casualties  to  life  and  property. 
The  praiseworthy  character  of  the  work  of  the 
present  board  could  not  be  better  indicated  than 
by  the  fact  that  statistics  showing  the  loss  of  life 
in  coal  mines  bear  a  constantly  decreasing  ratio 
to  the  tons  of  coal  mined.  For  this  reason  the 
action  of  the  board  in  raising  from  time  to  time 
the  standard  of  efficiency  required  in  candidates 
for  miners'  certificates  is  worthy  of  commenda- 
tion as  conducive  to  the  safety  of  men  employed 
in  this  industry. 

76 


On  June  3rd  the  State  Miners'  Legislative 
Committee  for  New  Laws  adopted  a  resolution 
in  which,  after  calling  attention  to  numerous 
measures  for  the  protection  of  miners  and  other 
workmen  secured  under  the  present  administra- 
tion, Governor  Deneen  is  commended  as  follows: 

"The  Governor  has  taken  an  advanced  position  in 
regard  to  industrial  legislation.  He  was  satisfied  that 
the  laws  requested  by  the  coal  miners,  many  of  which  were 
enacted  during  his  administration,  were  needed,  that 
they  tended  to  throw  additional  safeguards  around  the 
dangerous  occupation  of  coal  mining,  and  in  the  interest 
not  alone  of  the  70,000  men  who  find  employment  in  that 
industry  in  Illinois,  but  in  the  behalf  of  a  better  society, 
has  been  and  is  committed  to  such  a  legislative  policy  and 
to  that  end  has  thrown  the  influence  of  his  great  office  in 
line  with  protective  laws. 

"It  is  one  of  the  most  hopeful  signs  of  our  day  when  men 
like  Governor  Deneen,  holding  high,  responsible  positions 
of  trust  in  our  State  government  are  not  only  able,  but, 
what  is  more,  willing  to  cooperate  in  the  great  work  of 
economic  emancipation. 

"The  working  men,  after  years  of  indifference,  give 
promise  of  awakening  to  their  real  interests.  Regardless 
of  politics  we  must  hereafter  demonstrate  in  a  substantial 
way  our  appreciation  of  the  services  of  men  who  have 
proved  to  be  our  friends." 

Since  the  Ziegler  mine  explosion,  the  plan  of 
making  personal  investigation  of  all  serious  mine 
accidents  has  been  carried  out  in  all  cases. 

The  State  Mine  Rescue  Commission,  created 
in  1909,  has  erected  three  mine  rescue  stations 
in  the  coal  mining  centers  of  the  State  at  Benton, 
Streator  and  Springfield,  and  has  provided  mine 
rescue  cars  equipped  with  complete  mine  rescue 
apparatus  and  living  rooms  for  their  operating 
forces  which  can  be  readily  moved  upon  tele- 
graphic notice  to  any  point  desired. 

Other  laws  enacted  during  Governor  Deneen's 
administration  affecting  this  industry,  are: 

The  shot  firers'  law. 

The  miners'  qualification  act. 

The  act  establishing  Miners'  and  Mechanics' 
Institutes  for  the  training  of  men  engaged  in  the 
coal  mining  industry.  These  institutes  are  to 
be  conducted  at  every  important  coal  mining 
center,  following  the  plan  adopted  by  the  State 
Farmers'  Institutes. 

The  act  regulating  the  use  of  black  blasting 
powder  in  coal  mines. 

The  act  in  relation  to  oil  and  gas  wells  and  for 
the  keeping  of  a  record  of  each  of  these  by  the 
State  Mining  Board. 

The  keeping  of  a  permanent  record  of  all  mining 
investigations  made. 


77 


CHAPTER  XVI. 
Grain  Inspection  Department. 

At  the  beginning  of  the  first  term  of  the  admin- 
istration of  Governor  Deneen  his  attention  was 
called  to  the  work  of  grain  inspection  as  per- 
formed by  the  State  Grain  Inspection  Depart- 
ment. Many  shippers  of  grain  insisted  that  the 
inspection  was  unsatisfactory  and  instructions 
were  issued  to  improve  the  work,  of  inspection 
in  every  possible  way. 

To  accomplish  desired  results  it  was  found 
necessary  to  revolutionize  the  entire  system. 
The  old  manner  of  inspecting  grain  at  the  "R. 
R.  track"  by  a  single  inspector  whose  isolated 
location  gave  him  no  opportunity  for  consulta- 
tion with  any  other  inspector  when  questions 
of  doubt  or  uncertainty  presented  themselves 
was  abandoned  and  a  system  known  as  "office 
inspection"  established. 

Under  this  new  system  samples  of  all  cars  of 
grain  are  collected  and  delivered  to  a  central 
office  of  the  Inspection  Department  and  there 
inspected  and  graded  by  expert  grain  inspectors. 
These  inspectors  are  assembled  for  the  work 
of  inspection  in  a  large  room  fitted  for  the  pur- 
pose. This  close  communication  provides  an 
opportunity  for  consultation  in  difficult  cases 
when  uncertainty  exists  as  to  any  particular 
grade.  Through  this  opportunity  for  exchange 
of  opinions  satisfactory  conclusions  are  arrived 
at. 

The  "Out"  inspection  of  grain  from  elevators 
is  also  safeguarded  by  a  system  of  reviewing  at 
the  Central  Office,  all  grain  inspected  daily  by  the 
inspectors  stationed  at  the  different  elevators. 
This  has  resulted  in  the  almost  total  elimination 
of  complaints  from  purchasers  of  grain  loaded 
out  of  elevators  at  Chicago  for  general  distri- 
bution. 

These  radical  changes  in  the  system  of  grain 
inspection  which  had  been  in  operation  for  more 
than  thirty  years  have  developed  a  condition 
of  accuracy  and  efficiency  much  desired,  meeting 
with  the  approval  of  handlers  of  grain  generally. 
As  evidence  of  this,  at  a  trial  before  the  State 
Civil  Service  Commission  of  Illinois  a  number 
of  the  largest  handlers  of  grain  at  Chicago  certi- 
fied under  oath  to  the  effect  that  the  inspection 
of  grain  is  now  more  satisfactory  than  at  any 
pervious  period  in  the  history  of  the  Chicago 
market. 

Mr.  J.  C.  F.  Merrill,  ex-President  of  the 
Chicago  Board  of  Trade,  now  Secretary  of  the 
same  and  President  of  the  Council  of  Grain 
Exchanges  in  the  United  States,  testified  under 


oath  that  he  had  made  particular  inquiries 
throughout  the  East  and  along  the  Atlantic 
Seaboard,  and  the  universal  consensus  of  opinion 
among  handlers  of  grain,  was  that  the  present 
inspection  of  grain  at  Chicago  is  the  best  in  the 
world.  Mr.  Merrill  has  a  wide  reputation  as  a 
most  progressive  grain  handler  and  is  considered 
authority  on  all  subjects  pertaining  to  the  cash 
(jrain  trade. 

A  law  enacted  in  1871  provided  that  all  earn- 
ings of  the  inspection  department  should  be  dis- 
bursed by  order  of  the  Railroad  and  Warehouse 
Commissioners.  This  having  been  declared  un- 
constitutional, a  new  law  was  enacted  by  the 
Forty-seventh  General  Assembly  requiring  the 
earnings  to  be  turned  into  the  State  treasury. 

An  appropriation  of  $157,000.00  per  annum 
was  made  for  the  maintenance  of  the  department 
TO  take  effect  July  1,  1911. 

The  earnings,  etc.,  from  July  1,  1911  to  June 
30,  1912  inclusive,  and  turned  into  the  State 
treasury  were  as  follows: 

Balance  on  hand  July  1,  1911 $  42,732.63 

Karnings  for  fiscal  year  1911-12 176,679.99 

Total ....'. $219,412.62 

Expense  for  fiscal  year  1911-12 157,815.87 

Balance  on  hand  July  1,  1912 $  61,596.75 

Grain  inspected  "In"  and  "Out"  at  Chicago 
for  the  fiscal  year  1911-12  was  395,866,452 
bushels. 

This  department  is  now  and  has  always  been 
self-sustaining  placing  no  burden  whatever  upon 
tha  tax  payers. 

CHAPTER  XVII. 
State  Architect  and  New  Buildings. 

Those  familiar  with  the  work  will  agree  that 
the  Department  of  State  Architect  has  been  one 
of  the  most  active  and  exacting  of  the  Adminis- 
tration. During  the  last  eight  years  the  State 
Architect  has  designed  and  erected  almost  every 
imaginable  type  of  building,  structure  and 
improvement  for  various  State  purposes,  ranking 
from  simple  storehouses  to  an  ornate  Temple  of 
Justice,  and  including  Hospitals,  Dormitories, 
Gymnasiums,  Schools,  Cottages,  Chapels,  Dining 
Rooms,  Infirmaries,  Park  Pavilions,  Kitchens, 
Laundries,  Bakeries,  Rescue  Stations,  Boat 
Houses,  Laboratories,  Morgues,  Barns,  Car  Hous- 
es, Field  Houses,  Greenhouses,  Monuments, 
Gardens,  Workshops,  Gateways,  Chicken  Houses, 
Pig  Pens,  Armories,  Barracks,  Stables,  Power 
Housss,  Swimming  Pools,  Heating,  Ventilation, 
Sewers,  Drainage  Systems,  etc.  and  representing 


a  grand  total  of  expenditure  of  approximately 
TEN  MILLION  DOLLARS  ($10,000,000.00). 

Due  notice  of  all  this  work  was  given  to  build- 
ing contractors  by  advertisements  in  local  and 
contractors'  papers  and  other  efforts  made  to 
secure  the  fullest  competition  possible,  which  has 
resulted  in  the  State  receiving  most  satisfactory 
bids,  so  that  the  public  work  has  often  times 
been  done  at  less  cost  than  could  reasonably 
be  expected  and  again  and  again  at  less  cost  than 
similar  work  in  private  practice.  Special  pains 
were  taken  to  write  the  specifications  in  such  a 
manner  as  to  give  all  concerns  dealing  in  building 
material  an  equal  show  and  not  limit  the  General 
Contractor  to  special  makes  and  brands.  Aside 
from  the  fairness  of  this  procedure,  it  is  evident 
that  this  arrangement  assured  free  competition 
in  building  material,  again  lessening  the  cost  of 
the  work  materially.  This  policy  furthermore 
assured  a  higher  class  of  contractors  than  often 
times  care  to  figure  on  public  work  and  resulted 
in  the  State  getting  the  services  of  these  men  and 
correspondingly  better  workmanship.  It  should 
be  pointed  out  that  this  desirable  state  of  affairs 
would  have  been  impossible  without  the  constant 
support  of  the  Administration.  Public  work 
of  this  satisfactory  character  is  possible  only 
when  competing  bidders  and  material  men  are 
assured  that  there  is  to  be  a  square  deal  and  it 
is  certain  that  influence  or  position  of  one  kind 
or  another  will  not  in  any  manner  affect  the 
awarding  of  a  contract;  that  the  lowest  responsi- 
ble bidder  will  receive  the  work.  In  not  a 
single  instance  has  a  contract  been  let  on  account 
of  favoritism  or  influence  and  whenever  thera 
was  the  slightest  indication  of  political  or  other 
influence  being  brought  to  bear  the  Administra- 
tion made  it  a  point  to  see  to  it  that  an  equal 
opportunity  was  given  to  all  concerned.  It 
should  also  be  pointed  out  that  advantage  was 
taken  during  those  periods  of  financial  depres- 
sion, which  occur  periodically,  to  do  as  much 
building  as  possible,  thereby  saving  from  10  to 
15%  on  the  cost  of  work  compared  to  cost  of 
similar  work  at  other  times. 

It  must  be  evident  to  any  one  visiting  our 
Institutions  that  the  buildings  erected  during 
this  Administration  are  of  a  higher  type  than 
those  of  former  years.  They  compare  well  with 
the  best  work  undertaken  by  other  States,  and 
in  fact  are  being  recognized  as  models  of  their 
kind,  while  some  of  them  have  been  pronounced 
as  ranking  among  the  highest  of  their  type,  by 
experts  from  foreign  countries  familiar  with  the 
world's  work  in  that  field.  Many  plans  of  our 
State  buildings  are  in  demand  by  other  com- 
munities and  have  been  sent  to  and  approved 

80 


by  experts  in  all  parts  of  the  world.  (It  was  no 
little  satisfaction  to  the  State  Architect  on  a 
tour  of  inspection  to  have  Superintendents  of 
Institutions  in  Europe  congratulate  Illinois  on 
the  satisfactory  conditions  and  buildings  at 
such  Institutions  as  Geneva  and  St.  Charles.) 

Special  pains  were  taken  to  keep  the  cost  of 
the  work,  within  the  amount  of  the  respective 
appropriation  for  it,  and  where  these  appropria- 
tions were  less  than  they  should. have  been  for 
the  purpose,  reasonably  serviceable  buildings 
were  so  planned  and  so  built  as  to  make  needed 
future  additions  readily  possible.  The  tax- 
payers' interests  were  guarded,  by  eliminating 
and  avoiding  unnecessary  ornamentation  and 
extravagant  construction  in  all  utilitarian  build- 
ings, and  aiming  to  obtain  the  largest  building 
area  at  the  lowest  cost. 

Through  the  special  efforts  of  this  Administra- 
tion the  State  of  Illinois  now  builds  its  hospitals 
and  similar  buildings  of  fireproof  construction, 
and  allows  them  to  be  only  two  stories  high, 
thereby  lessening  the  danger  to  inmates  and 
buildings  from  fire  to  a  minimum.  It  is  of 
interest  in  this  connection  to  point  out  that  this 
Administration  has  appointed  a  Commission  of 
most  eminent  experts  and  specialists  to  revise 
and  codify  the  mass  of  disconnected  laws  govern- 
ing building  in  this  State,  which  will  doubtlessly 
bring  about  order  and  assure  a  better  and  safer 
type  of  buildings  throughout  the  State. 

One  of  the  most  far-reaching  undertakings  of 
this  Administration  was  in  directing  the  re- 
habilitation of  all  of  the  older  buildings  and 
improvements  at  the  Charitable  Institutions. 
Most  of  our  older  buildings  had  been  allowed 
to  run  down  and  were  in  a  poor  condition.  A 
great  change  has  been  wrought  in  them.  Un- 
sanitary and  antiquated  plumbing  fixtures  have 
been  replaced  with  those  of  modern  make.  In 
a  great  many  instances  the  heating  systems  have 
been  remodeled,  resulting  in  greater  efficiency 
at  a  considerable  saving  in  cost  of  operation. 
In  many  buildings  dangerous  electric  wiring  has 
been  replaced  with  modem  equipment  less 
likely  to  cause  disasterous  fires.  The  natural 
and  artificial  ventilation  h?s  been  improved  in 
many  buildings.  In  all  of  them  the  wood  and 
metal  work  has  been  repainted  and  refinished, 
thus  improving  the  appearance  and  assuring  a 
longer  life  to  the  materials.  Old  and  unsanitary 
wooden  floors  in  toilet  and  bathrooms  have  been 
replaced  with  tile  and  -marble.  Fire-escapes 
and  additional  stairways  have  .  been  installed, 
insuring  greater  safety  in  buildings  that  were 
before  extremely  dangerous..  A  number  of  ice 
plants  with  first-el&js  equipment  and  ample 

81 


storage  room  have  been  erected  at  several  In- 
stitutions, insuring  greater  comfort,  less  danger 
of  shortage  and  a  saving  in  supplies.  Hydro- 
therapeutic  rooms,  equipped  with  the  best 
modern  appliances,  have  been  added  in  several 
Institutions  with  most  gratifying  results.  Such 
rehabilitations  must  be  apparent  to  the  most 
casual  observer  witnessing  an  achievement  which 
can  only  be  a  source  of  extreme  satisfaction  to 
all  connected  with  it,  especially  considering  the 
difficulties  which  accompanied  its  accomplish 
ment. 

It  is  of  interest  to  point  out  that  a  great  part 
s£  this  work  was  done  by  labor  of"  the  patients 
and  wards  of  the  State  at  a  comparatively  small 
expense,  besides  affording  evident  pleasure  and 
satisfaction  to  the  workers  themselves. 

Of  course,  a  great  deal  still  remains  to  be 
done  in  this  direction,  and  this  Administration 
oroposes  to  (fully)  comolete  this  all-imDortant 
work  when  funds  can  be  made  available  without 
over-taking  our  citizens. 

The  Administration  has  directed  that  all  of  the 
Work  of  this  Z)et/srtiiisiit  shall  have  ths  full 
^pprovsi  of  the  State  Art  Ccmmii-ion,  mnde  up 

*       r-t^o'"<  ->li~+*  'Tf^lsi.-.       '^i*'?!**^'*'       *•!*>(•}*       <">H        *f 


and  will  tend  to  -ivoid,  ;r.  tl:o  future,  such  un- 
fortunate conditions  as  those  collected  with  the 
Andersonvillo  Monument  design. 

The  appended  partial  list  of  work  will  give  an 
idea  of  the  amount  of  work  the  State  has  under- 
taken during  this  Administration;  aside  from 
t/his  the  State  Architect  is  completing  plans  for 
a  new  Penitentiary  to  take  the  place  of  the  one 
now  at  Joliet,  for  which  two  thousand  acres  of 
desirable  land  has  been  acquired,  thus  assuring 
all  possible  farm,  quarrying  and  other  out-door 
activities.  An  article  in  a  recent  issue  of  the 
''Survey"  says,  "The  novelty  of  this  prison  plan 
in  our  experience,  coupled  with  the  genera^ 
approval,  often  enthusiasm,  which  the  wardeni 
gave  to  it,  made  this  matter  one  of  the  significant 
iacts  of  the  Conference  of  the  American  Prison 
Association  at  Omaha."  It  is  necessary  and  the 
Administration  is  desirous  to  see  this  important 
undertaking  completed  at  an  early  date  and  is: 
making  every  effort  to  have  this  Penitentiary 
when  completed,  be,  as  it  promises  to  be,  the 
model  Institution  of  its  kind  in  the  world. 

AXDERSOWILLE,  GA.  —  Illinois-  Andcrsonville 

Monument  Commission. 
Monument  —  Trigg  Marble  &  Granite  Co. 
and  Charles  J.  Mulligan  ..............       $12,000.00 

AXXA,  ILL.—  Illinois  Southern  Hospital  for 

the  Insane. 
Hospital  Building—  V.  Jobst  &  Sons  .......        45,800.00 


Cow  Barn— R.  Z.  Gill ;?5,000.(X> 

Anna  State  Hospital. 

Kitchen  and  Bakery— J.  L.  Simmons -17,000.00 

Kitchen  and  Bakery — Elevator  and  Doors, 

(Meeker)— Otis  Elevator  Co 1,509.00 

Amusement    Hall — Fire    Escape — F.    P. 

Smith  Wire  &  Iron  Works 259.00 

BENTON,  ILL. — Mine  Rescue  Commission. 
Mine    Rescue      Stations   Car    Houses.  . 

Scott-Morledgc     Lumber    Co 1 0,600.00 

('AMP   LINCOLN,    ILL. — Rifle   Butts,    Build 
Shield,     Target      House,     S  i  d  e  wa  1  k  s 

Frank  Fitzsimmons 1.500,00 

CAMP     LOGAN,     ILL,— Armory — Robt      H 

Aiken  . , 4,700.00 

Two      Barracks      Buildings— Robt       H 

Aiken 15,200.00 

One  Barracks  Bldg.— L«ke  Co.  Flat  wall 

Builders : 7,900.00 

Protection    to    Ditch    Outlet— Sieber    & 

Taylor 3,600.00 

Construction  of  one  Barracks  Building  No. 
1  Type  and  one  No.  2  Type — Lake  Co. 

Flat  Wall  Builders  Rifle  Abutments. .  13,000.00 

CARBONDALE,  ILL, — Southern  Illinois  State 
Normal  School,  Model   School   Building 

Hanson  Bros. 48,300,00 

CHARLESTON,   ILL. — Eastern   Illinois   State 
Normal   School  —  Dormitory   and   Gym- 
nasium.   English  Bros 92,000.00 

CHICAGO,  ILL. — Illinois  Eye  &  Ear  Infirmary, 
Operating,    Service    and    Ward    Build- 
'ings. 

Warren  Construction  Co 59,700.0C 

Remodeling  Building  and  installation  of 

Elevator — J.  G.  Eagcrtcr 2,100.00 

Iron  Stairways — Hanke  Iron  &  Wire  Wks. .          3,500.06 
Seventh  Regimsnt  Infantry  I.  N.  G. 
Armory  and  Boiler  House — J.  P.  &  J.  W. 

O'Connor 1,56,000.00 

Illinois  Naval  Reserve. 

Boat  House — Henry  F.  Bushing 9,800.00 

DE  KALB. — Northern  Illinois  State  iVorina^ 

School. 

School  Building— W.  M.  Allen  Son  &  Co .  .         75,000.00 
ELGIN,  ILL. — Illinois  Northern  Hospital  for 

the  Insane. 
Farm    and    Woman's    Cottages — W.    H. 

Williams 39,800.00 

Heating  System— L.  H.  Prentice  Co ......        20,000.00 

Cold  Storage  and  Ice  Plant— Misc.  Con- 
tracts and  Patient  Labor 25,000.00 

Acute     Cottage — Misc.     Contracts     and 

Patient  Labor 35,000,00 

iJgin  State  Hospital. 

Laundry  Building 

Bakery  Building Chas.  E.  Gicrtz  <L 

Tuberculosis  Sanitarium      Son 47,060.00 

Psychopathic     Labora- 
tory and  Morgue 

UDWARDSVILLE,  ILL. — Edwardsvillc  Histori- 
cal Monument  Commission. 

Monument — Charles  J.  Mulligan 4,650.00 

GENEVA,  ILL. — Illinois  State  Training  School 

for  Girls. 
Rewiring    of    Administration    Building — 

Wallace  &  Kavanaugh 1,850.00 

Two  Cottages— J.  L.  Simmons 60,000.00 

Chapel — J.  L.  Simmons 15,000.00 

Power  House  and  Smoke  Stack — J.   L. 

Simmons 25,000.00 

83 


Four  Cottages 

Cottage — Hazleton  &  Walin 

JACKSONVILLE,  ILL. — Illinois  School  for  the 

Blind. 

Alterations  to  Building — R.  L.  Gonsalves. . 
Jacksonville  State  Hospital. 

Nurses'  Home — Joseph  De  Goveia 

Tile  Work  in   Main  Building — National 

Mosaic  Tile  Co 

Addition  to -Nurses'  Home — W.  C.  Mc- 

Cullough -. 

JAMESTOWN,  VA. — First    Centennial    Expo- 
sition. 
Illinois    State  Building — Thos.  E.  Young 

&Co 

KANKAKEE,  ILL. — Kankakee  State  Hospital. 

Cottag— J.  C.  Poll 

Hospital  Building — English  Bros 

LA  SALLE,  ILL. — Mine  Rescue  Commission. 
Mine  Rescue  Station  and  Car  House — 

Noonan  Bros 

LINCOLN,   ILL. — Lincoln   State  School   and 

Colony. 
Hospital  for  Females — W.  M.  Alleij  Son  & 

Co 

New  Terrazzo  Floors  in  Main  and  Hospital 
Buildings — National  Mosaic  Tile  Co ... 
Logan  County — Illinois  Asylum  for  Feeble 
Minded  Children. 

Gymnasium — V.  Jobst  &  Sons 

MENARD,  ILL. — Chester  State  Hospital. 

Piggery 

METROPOLIS,-  ILL. — Fort  Massac  Park  Com- 
mission. 

Pavilion — A.  J.  Gibbons. 

NORMAL,  ILL. — Illinois  State  Normal  Uni- 
versity. 
Training  School  Building — J.  L.  Simmons.. 

Manual  Arts  Building 

Illinois  Soldiers'  Orphans'  Home. 

Coal  Shed 

Laundry  Building — Bloomington  Constr. 

Co... 

Alterations  and  Refurnishings — Plumbing 

—John  O'Neill  &  Sons 

PEORIA,    ILL. — (SOUTH   BARTONVILLE). — 

Peoria  State  Hospital. 
Two    Hospital    Buildings — W.    M.    Allen 

Son  &  Co.  (1907) 

Industrial  Building — V.  Jobst  &  Sons 

Psychopathic  Building— V.  Jobst  &  Sons, 

(1909) 

Dining  Hall  Building — V.  Jobst  &  Sons 
Hospital  for  Advanced  Consumptives — 

Earle  D.  Stout 

Men's  Dormitory — V.  Jobst  &  Sons 

Sanitary  Dairy  Barn — W.  M.  Allen  Son 

&Co 

QTTINCY,  ILL. — George  Rogers  Clark 

Monument — Charles  J.  Mulligan. 

Illinois  Soldiers'  and  Sailors'  Home. 

Two  Cottages — V.  Jobst  &  Sons 

Hospital  for  Women — Buerkim  &  Kempcn 
ST.  CHARLES,  ILL. — St.  Charles  School  for 
Boys. 

Three  Cottages— R.  B.  Watson  Co 

Industrial  Building — J.  L.  Simmons 

Root  Cellar  &  Store  Hous? — J.  L.Simmons 

Mill  Building — J.  L.  Simmons 

Gymnasium — R.  B.  Watson  Co 

Two  Cottages— R.  B.  Watson  Co 

Artesian  Well— J-  P.  Miller  A.  Well  Co. . . . 

84 


Hospital— J.  L.  Simmons $19,000.00 

Administration  Building — Hanson  Bros. . .  35,000.00 

Cottage— Hanson  Bros 20,000.00 

Plumbing,  Sewerage  System,  Heating  and 
Lighting — Abramhamson    <&;    Chrystal, 

(Cottages  "B"  and  "C"). 2,100.00 

Kitchen  and  Bakery — Fitzsimmons-Wheel- 

er  Constr.    Co 28,291.00 

Laundry  Building— Wilson  Bros 10,040.00 

SPRINGFIELD,  ILL. — State  Board — Live  Stock 
Commissioner's. 

Hog  Sheds— J.  F.  Duncan 2,690.00 

Veterinary  Hospital— J.  F.  Duncan 7,300.00 

Veterinary  Barn — Edward  Houston 5,040.58 

Illinois  State  Board  of  Agriculture. 

Sheep  and  Swine  Pavfions— J.  F.  Duncan      123,680.00 
Supreme  Court  Building  and  Finishing — 

V.  Jobst  &  Sons 381,000.00 

Remodeling  Heating  System  of  Supreme 
Court  Building — Illinois     Plumbing     & 

Heating  Company 2,356.00 

State  Capitol  Building — Alterations  and 
Refurnishings — 
Plumbing — The  Patterson- 
Stewart  Company. ...         $5, 1 54.50 
Sheet  Metal  and  Copper 
Work — Sykes    Steel 

Roofing  Company 48,847.00 

Smoke    Consumers    and 
Boiler    Repairs — Jas. 

McMillan  &  Co 1,519.00 

Steam  Heating    Appara- 
tus—John   O'Neill    & 

Son 28,013.00 

Pointing  and  Stone  Re- 
pairs— Cu!ver     Con- 
struction Co 14,593.96 

98,127.46 
Mine  Rescue  Commission — Mine    Rescue 

Station— Scott-Morledge  Lumber  Co .  9,600.00 

Car  House— J.  F.  Duncan 2,000.00 

URBANA,  ILL. — University  of  Illinois. 

Physics  Building— V.  Jobst  &  Sons 181,000.00 

Addition  to  Natural  History — V.  Jobst  & 

Sons 123,000.00 

Addition  to  Museum— V.  Jobst  &  Sons. . .        24,000.00 

Lincoln  Hall— English  Bros 204,000.00 

Ceramics  and  Power  House. 

School  of  Commerce— A.  W.  Stoolman.  . .        93,880.00 

Addition  to  Woman's  Building — English 

Bros 83,936.00 

Ceramics  and  Mining  Laboratorv  Bldg. — 

A.  W.  Stoolman ' 22,019.00 

Transportation  Building— V.  Jobst  &  Sons.       106,150.00 
Armory — 

Structural  Steel  &  Iron — 
Morava    Construction 

Co $59,500.00 

Architectural  Work — N.H. 

Shields 33,967.00 

93,467.00 
WATERTOWN,  ILL. — Illinois  Western  Hospital 

for  the  Insane. 
Hospital  Building — Warren  Construction 

Co 83,000.00 

MISCELLANEOUS — Repairs  and  Improvements 
at  different  Institutions. 


WORK  ABOUT  TO  BE  CONTRACTED  FOR. 

ANNA,  ILL. — Anna  State  Hospital. 

Infirmary  for  Women $    ,50,000.00 

Pumping  Station 135,000.00 

AURORA,  ILL. — Headquarters  Company  "D" 

and  Company  "I"  3rd  Infantry 35,000.00 

CARBOND ALE,  ILL.— Illinois  Southern  Nor- 
mal University. 

W'oman's  Dormitory  and  Furnishings.  .          75,000.00 
CHARLESTON,    ILL. — Eastern   Illinois   State 

Normal  School. 

Building  for  Model  School  and  Manual- 
Arts .5,000.01' 

CHICAGO,  ILL. — Second  Infantry, 

Armory 200,000.00 

CHICAGO,  ILL. — Eighth  Infantry. 

Armory 100,000.00 

DUNNING,  ILL. — Chicago  State  Hospital. 
New  Building  and  Wrecking  old  Alms- 
house  and  Tubercular  Building 110,000.00 

ELGIN,  ILL. — Elgin  State  Hospital. 

Alterations  and  Additions  to  Plumbing. . .         15,000.00 
EQUALITY,    ILL. — General    Michael    Kelly 

Lawler  Monument 5,000-OC 

GENEVA,  ILL. — State  Training  School  for 
Girls. 

Two  Cottages. 75,000.00 

JOUET,  ILL. — Illinois  State  Penitentiary  and 
New  Illinois  Asylum  for  Insane  Crizni- 
nals. 

KANKAKEE,  ILL. — Kankakee  State  Hospital. 
Warehouse  for  Tools  and  MicLi^ic:/  Sup- 
plies           5,OOO.OC 

Convcrtins  Cottage  Na  5  into  a  Xu-'-c:.' 

Home 2o,OOO.OC 

.\i.A'^sAW,  GA. — Kenesiw  Mountain  Iv 

rial  Association. 
Monument 
.VlACOMB,  ILL. — Wosx/erL.  iiiiiioie  State  .Wr- 

mal  School. 
Woman's  Building 7o,OOuGu 

APPROPRIATIONS. 

MENARD,  ILL. — Chester  State  Hospital. 

Cow  Barn. 
The  Southern  Illinois  Penitentiary. 

Dairy  Barn. 
PEORIA,  ILL. — Peoria  State  Hospital. 

Men's  Farm  Colony ,$30,000.00 

^UINCY,     ILL. — Illinois  Soldier^'  *&  Sailors' 

Home. 

ITew  Dormitory  for  Hospital  Attendants . .  7,000.00 

Company   "F" — 5th   Infantry  Company 
"I    8th  Infantry  and  the  Illinois  Nava* 

Reserve 45,000.00 

SPRINGFIELD,  ILL. — State  Board  of  Agri- 
culture. 

Horse  Barns — State  Fair  Grounds 75,000.00 

Toilet  Rooms— State  Fair  Grounds 15,000.00 

Biological  Laboratory 20,000.00 

Educational  Building 

State  Capitol  Building — Repairs  to  roof 

and  Dome 30,000.00 

ST.  CHARLES,  ILL.— St.  Charles  School  for 
Boys. 

Remodeling  Farm  Houses 12,000.00 

Two  new  Farm  Cottages  and  Furnishings.          27,300.00 
URBANA,  ILL. — University  of  Illinois. 
Animal  Husbandry  Building 80,000.00 

86 


Locomotive  Laboratory  . } 

Floriculture  Building [ $30,000.00 

Horticulture  Building. . .  .  J 
WATERTOWN,  -ILL. — Watertown  State  Hos- 
pital. 
Rebuilding  Assembly  Hall.  25,000.00 

Men's  Infirmary  Building 50,000.00 

WILMINGTON,    ILL. — Illinois    Soldiers'    \\  i- 
dows'  Home. 

Hospital  Building 20,000.00 

WOODSTOCK,  ILL. — Company  "G"  3rd   In- 
fantry 15,000.00 

CHAPTER  XVHL 

The  State  University  and  Agricultural 
Experiment  Station* 

The  University  of  Illinois  has  aofltintied  in  the 
past  four  years  the  great  progress  that  has 
marked  its  earner  during  Governor  Deneen's 
first  administration.  It  has  become  more  serv- 
iceable to  the  State  government  and  to  the  peo- 
ple at  large  as  the  scientific  agent  of  the  State,  in 
addition  to  exDanding  its  facilities  for  teaching 
and  attracting  a  large  number  of  students,  Th6 
institution  is  now  recognized  as  among  the  fore- 
most in  the  world  in  many  respects. 

The  great  work  of  the  A^ri  cultural  Experiment 
Station.  hf£  continued  on  on  enlarged  and  better 
scale  and  is  more  widely  appreciated  by  the  for- 
::^':L  of  the  state  than  eve:-  before.  The  soil 
survey,  which  has-  been  conducted  for  some  years, 
Is  now  beginning  to  show  results  in  the  publica- 
tion of  the  maps  of  the  region  surveyed  that  will 
be  el'  iaeaurnabie  help  to  the  farmers  in  cultiva- 
tion. 

The  Engineering  Experiment  Station,  too,  has 
been  making  itself  indispensable  to  the  industries, 
of  the  State. 

The  Graduate  School  has  expanded,  and  its, 
work  has  led  to  a  recognition  everywhere  of  the 
new  status  of  the  University.  A  hundred  or  more 
young  men  and  women  go  out  with  a  Graduate 
School  diploma  every  year  to  uplift  the  teaching 
sf  the  state  and  to  promote  scientific  research  in 
aid  01  industry  and  agriculture  in  every  direction. 

The-  policy  oi!  the  administration  has  continued 
•oo  be  to  make  the  ir.v^aUon  so  complete  in  its 
organization  and  equipment  that  no  citizen  of 
Illinois  need  send  his  children  to  any  other  state 
or  country  for  their  higher  education.  The  follow- 
ing itemized  statement  gives  in-  greater  detail 
•,he  main  points  of  development  for  the  eight 
years: 

1.  New  buildings  erected  and  for  which  ap- 
propriations have  been  made  between  1904  and 
date,  not  including  buildings  erected  in  1904-6 
icr  which  appropriations  were  made  by  the  pre- 
ceding Legislature: 

37 


Ceramics  kiln -. $     2,000  1906 

Auditorium 100,000  1907 

Farm  mechanics'  building 33,000  1906 

Green  houses  (Hort.) .' .  12,500  1908 

Natural  history  building 150,000  1909 

Physics  building , 250,000  1909 

Boiler  house -..-. .  75,000  1911 

Museum , 30,000  1910 

Ceramics  building 12,000  1910 

Lincoln  hall 250,000  1911 

Armory "100,000 

Engineering  building  and  ground 200,000 

School  of  Commerce  building 125,000 

Addition  to  Woman's  building 125,000         - 

For  kiln  house  for  ceramics. 21,000 

Agricultural  buildings ; . .  153,000 

$724,000 

2.  New  departments  organized  or  established : 
Engineering  Experiment  Station — Though  es- 
tablished literally  in  the  year  1903,  its  organiza- 
tion and  work  lies  in  the  period  1904-1910. 

Department  of  Ceramics^Just  entered  a  new 
building  in  a  condition  to  do  better  work  than 
ever  before. 

Mine  Rescue  Station. 

School  of  Railway  Engineering. 

Department  of  Mining  Engineering. 

Reorganized — Graduate  School;  School  of  Edu- 
cation; Extension  work  in  College  of  Agriculture. 

3.  Increase  in  student  body:     . 

TOTAL  REGISTRATION. 

1904-05 3,729 

1905-06 4,074 

1906-07 4,316 

1907-08 4,743 

1908-09 4,977 

1909-10 5,118 

1910-11 5,207 

1911-12  (estimated) 5,300 

These  figures  include  the  registration  in  the 
College  of  Medicine  and  the  School  of  Pharmacy. 

4.  After   consideration  through   two   legisla- 
tures, a  bill  enabling  the  University  to  establish 
a  miners'   and  machinists'   institute  under  the 
charge  of  the  University  Trustees  was  passed 
last  winter. 

5.  Registration  in  the  College  of  Agriculture 
is  double  what  it  was  six  years  ago. 

The  two  weeks'  session  known  as  the  Corn 
Growers'  and  Stockmen's  Convention  has  in- 
creased from  between  200  and  300  to  about 
1,000,  about  100  boys  each  year  coming  on 
scholarships  won  at  judging  contests. 

Addresses  given  at  farmers'  institutes  and  other 
farmers'  meetings  during  the  winter,  about  600. 

Number  of  people  visiting  the  University 
primarily  because  of  agriculture,  about  10,000  in 
the  year  closing  last  July. 

Thirty-eight  counties  ran  special  excursion 
parties. 

88 


GROWTH  AND  FUNDS  OF  COLLEGE  AND  STATION, 
UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS. 


u 

3 

fc  ju 

D    O 

£3°-J| 

3  ^3 

fl 

** 

026 

Appropriatil 
Station 

||     $ 

"c  ^  §       §  "c 

•wl.'S  m  ^-C 

2    CJJ     03    Q3      03    ^ 

02$  OO  Ox 

90-91 

$  5,000  $15,000 

7 

2 

0 

91-92 

5,000 

15,000 

6 

0 

2 

92-93 

5,000 

15,000 

13 

2 

0 

93-94 

5,000 

15,000 

5 

1 

2 

94-95 

5,000 

15,000 

9 

0 

0 

95-96 

7,000 

15,000 

14 

0 

0 

96-97 

7,000 

15,000 

17 

2 

0 

97-98 

7,000 

15,000 

19 

2 

0 

98-99 

7,000 

15,000 

25 

4 

0 

99-00 

28,000 

15,000 

90 

2 

0 

00-01 

28,000 

15,000 

159 

4 

0 

01-02 

28,000 

15,000 

$  8,000 

$  54,000 

232 

4 

0 

02-03 

28,000 

15,000 

8,000 

54,000 

284 

9 

0 

03-04 

28,000 

15,000 

61,000 

85,000 

339 

10 

0 

04-05 

28,000 

15,000 

61,000 

85,000 

406 

18 

0 

05-06 

28,500 

20,000 

61,000 

95,000 

430 

24 

9 

06-07 

28,500 

22,000 

61,000 

95,000 

462 

43 

10 

07-08 

31,000 

24,000 

71,000 

102,500 

528 

38 

17 

08-09 

33,500 

26,000 

71,000 

102,500 

531 

54 

15 

09-10 

36,000 

28,000 

55,000 

138,000 

660 

49 

23 

10-11 

38,500 

30,000 

55,000 

138,000 

662 

51 

31 

11-12 

40,000 

30,000 

310,000 

168,000 

829 

69 

? 

12-13 

40,000 

30,000 

310,000 

168,000 

x 

CHAPTER  XIX. 
Educational  System  Reorganized. 

Another  department  of  the  State  work  which 
has  undergone  radical  changes  during  the  past 
seven  years  is  that  of  education.  Prior  to  1909, 
the  laws  governing  the  administration  of  our 
public  school  system  were  in  a  state  of  great 
confusion  owing  to  the  passage  of  many  special 
charters,  supplemental  acts  and  additional  acts. 
At  that  time  the  Illinois  school  law  comprised 
301  sections,  37  special  charters,  8  supplemental 
acts  and  28  additional  acts,  and  had  been  con- 
structed by  more  than  four  hundred  decisions 
of  our  Supreme  Court. 

In  1907,  an  educational  commission  was 
created  to  revise  and  codify  these  laws.  In  1909 
this  commission  made  a  report  containing  a 
complete  codification  of  our  school  laws,  which 
was  enacted  at  the  succeeding  session  of  the 
General  Assembly.  This  codification  has  not 
only  reduced  the  mass  of  school  laws  in  point 
of  volume,  but  has  given  to  it  symmetry  and 
order  and  made  its  revision  and  improvement 
much  more  easy  of  attainment. 

The  report  of  the  commission  also  contained 
many  recommendations  for  the  improvement  of 
our  educational  system.  Among  the  important 
recommendations  made  was  that  of  the  intro- 

89 


duction  of  vocational  training  in  normal  schools, 
high  schools  and  country  schools  where,  it  is 
suggested  by  the  report,  courses  adapted  to  the 
conditions  in  such  schools  should  be  introduced 
in  agriculture,  manual  training  and  domestic 
science. 

To  make  these  improvements  available  in  our 
school  system  it  was  manifest  that  an  increase 
of  the  appropriation  made  by  the  State  for  the 
support  of  our  common  schools  would  be  neces- 
sary. Accordingly,  an  increase  of  the  appropria- 
tions made  for  this  purpose  was  recommended 
and  at  the  last  session  of  the  General  Assembly 
was  provided.  Since  1872,  the  State  appropria- 
tion for  the  support  of  the  public  schools  has 
been  one  million  dollars  per  year.  At  the  last 
session  of  the  General  Assembly  this  was  doubled 
and  hereafter  two  million  dollars  per  year  will  bo 
provided  for  the  support  of  our  public  school 
system  from  State  taxation. 

Nor  have  the  common  schools  alone  been  con- 
sidered in  the  improvement  of  our  educational 
system.  Liberal  provisions  have  been  made  for 
the  erection  of  new  buildings  for  the  accommoda- 
tion of  our  normal  schools  and  our  State  Uni- 
versity. Since  1905  $800,000  has  been  expended 
for  this  purpose  at  the  various  State  normals, 
and  $1,390,000  for  the  same  purpose  at  the  State 
University. 

Similar  liberal  provision  has  been  made  for 
the  support  and  maintenance  of  the  State  Uni- 
versity. The  total  appropriations  for  this  purpose 
for  the  first  two  years  of  Governor  Deneen's 
first  administration  were  approximately  $1,600,- 
000,  whilst  for  the  last  two  years  they  were 
$3,400,000;  more  than  twice  as  much.  Besides 
this,  there  was  also  passed  at  the  last  session 
of  the  General  Assembly  an  act  providing  for 
the  levy  of  a  one  mill  tax  upon  each  one 
dollar  of  assessed  property  valuation  for  the 
maintenance  of  the  University.  This  will  pro- 
vide an  additional  income  of  more  than  $2,000,- 
000  per  year  and  maintain  our  University  in  the 
position  which  it  now  occupies  as  one  of  the  first 
class  educational  institutions  of-  the  world. 

The  maintenance  of  our  public  schools  upon  a 
high  plane  of  efficiency  is  recognized  by  all 
citizens  .as  a  matter  of  first  importance.  The 
work  of  the  public  schools  is  constantly  growing 
in  magnitude.  The  school  census  for  1910 
showed  2,239,220  persons  under  21  years  of  age 
and  1,543,621  persons  between  the  ages  of  6  and 
21.  The  Illinois  school  system  now  requires 
the  services  of  45,000  officials  and  a  total  ex- 
penditure of  $35,259,197.47,  of  which  $17,287.- 
720.94  is  paid  to  teachers. 

on 


CHAPTER  XX. 
National  Guard  and  Naval  Reserve. 

Under  the  present  Administration  our  military 
and  naval  establishment  has  so  progressed  that  it 
now  conforms  to  the  standard  of  organization 
and  equipment  of  the  regular  army.  Advance- 
ment has  been  made  in  the  proper  and  more 
adequate  housing  of  stores  and  organizations. 
To  this  end  various  sums  have,  during  this  Ad- 
ministration, been  appropriated.  The  last  ses- 
sion of  the  General  Assembly,  alone,  appropriated 
for  the  2nd  Infantry,  Chicago,  $200,000;  for 
the  5th  Infantry,  Company  I,  8th  Infantry, 
Illinois  Naval  Reserve,  Quincy,  $45,000;  for 
headquarters,  Company  D  and  Company  I,  3rd 
Infantry,  Aurora,  $35,000;  for  Company  G,  3rd 
Infantry,  Woodstock,  $15,000;  for  the  8th 
Infantry,  Chicago,  $100,000.  In  addition,  the 
ordinary  and  contingent  expenses  have  been 
much  better  provided  for  than  ever  before. 

Governor  Deneen  was  the  first  governor  to 
place  troops  of  the  State  service  in  the  same  camp 
with  those  of  the  regular  army  and  send  State 
troops  to  joint  maneuver  camps  with  those  of  the 
National  Government.  This  has  effectually  raised 
the  standard  of  efficiency  in  the  National  Guard, 
whilst  the  participation  of  the  Naval  Reserve  in 
the  joint  maneuvers  on  the  Great  Lakes  has 
proved  of  great  benefit  in  their  training. 

By  reason  of  the  progress  made,  the  soldiery 
of  Illinois  is  now  so  completely  equipped  and 
efficiently  drilled  that  at  a  moment's  notice  any 
or  all  could  take  the  field  fully  prepared  for  any 
emergency  that  might  confront  them. 

The  promptness  with  which  the  National  Guard 
has  met  certain  emergencies  during  Governor 
Deneen's  administration  is  a  proof  of  its  present 
efficiency,  excellent  training  and  thorough  or- 
ganization. 

CHAPTER  XXI. 
Agriculture. 

During  the  eight  years  of  Governor  Deneen's 
administration  the  agriculture  affairs  of  the  State 
have  received  large  attention,  and  its  interests 
have  been  promoted  in  various  ways.  The  Agri- 
culture College  and  Experiment  Station  of  the 
University  of  Illinois  have  undergone  a  phe- 
nomenal development.  The  impulses  that  lay 
back  of  this  development  have  come  from  the 
people  in  the  way  of  demands  for  more  and 
better  instruction  to  students  and  of  more  exten- 
sive investigation  along  agriculture  lines.  The 
policy  of  the  administration  has  been  to  provide 
the  funds  which  would  enable  +he  College  and 

91 


Station  to  respond  to  these  demands  and  the 
funds  for  instructional  purposes  as  well  as  those 
for  research  have  been  notably  increased.  The 
combined  faculty  of  the  College  and  Station  has 
been  increased  from  37  to  101,  the  number  of 
students  registered  from  406  under-graduates, 
with  no  graduate  students,  to  a  total  of  825 
under-graduates  and  17  graduate  students. 

The  sessions  of  the  Corn  Growers'  and  Stock- 
men's Convention,  which  meets  at  the  State 
University  have  increased  from  about  200  to  1,000, 
about  100  boys  each  year  being  admitted  to  the 
College  on  scholarships  won  at  the  corn  and 
stock  judging  contests. 

The  benefit  of  the  work  done  at  the  Agriculture 
Experiment  Station  and  the  College  of  Agriculture 
has  been  extended  through  the  farmers'  insti- 
tutes and  other  meetings,  at  which  about  600 
addresses  were  delivered  last  winter  by  college 
men. 

At  the  last  session  of  the  General  Assembly, 
also  special  provisions  were  made  for  the  publi- 
cation of  soil  maps  and  other  accumulated  data 
of  the  Agriculture  Experiment  Station,  and 
$19,000  was  appropriated  for  additional  live 
stock  specimens.  A  considerable  addition  to  the 
building  plant  of  the  institution  was  also  pro- 
vided for,  notably  $80,000  for  a  live  stock  build- 
ing and  additional  amounts  for  a  dairy  investi- 
gation barn  and  glass  houses  for  agronomy, 
floriculture  and  horticulture. 

It  has  not  been  possible  to  secure  all  the  funds 
needed  to  discharge  the  full  duties  that  have  been 
laid  upon  the  College  of  Agriculture  and  Agri- 
cultural Experiment  Station,  but  the  policy  of 
the  Governor  has  been  to  provide,  so  far  as 
within  his  power,  the  means  to  discharge  these 
obligations,  because  he  has  recognized  that 
public  funds  spent  in  this  direction  are  invest- 
ments rather  than  expenditures.  As  a  result, 
the  Agricultural  College  and  Experiment  Station 
of  the  University  of  Illinois  are  second  to  none 
in -the  extent  and  high  character  of  the  work  per- 
formed. Ninety -five  per  cent  of  the  graduates 
of  the  college  are  engaged  hi  agricultural  practice, 
research  or  education  and  fifty-five  per  cent 
actually  on  farms.  Of  those  who  do  not  gradu- 
ate, practically  every  man  is  engaged  in  actual 
farming. 

Experience  has  shown  that  the  College  serves 
a  wider  constituency  than  students  coming  from 
the  farm,  for  about  two-fifths  of  the  students 
now  registered  in  the  College  come  from  cities 
of  5,000  or  more.  Eighty-one  are  from  the  City 
of  Chicago  alone. 

The  work  of  the  Experiment  Station  is  charac- 
terized by  the  most  careful  study  of  Illinois 

92 


conditions  as  they  surround  the  practical  farmer. 
This  is  entirely  consistent  with  the  purpose  both 
of  the  College  and  Station,  which  is  to  develop 
the  agriculture  of  the  State — not  to  minister  to 
favored  individuals  or  special  interests.  They 
are  both  public-service  institutions  of  the  most 
distinctive  character,  serving  all  classes  of  people 
so  far  as  food  production  is  concerned,  both 
present  and  prospective. 

The  same  favorable  comment  may  be  made  as 
to  the  appropriation  in  aid  of  the  State  fair  during 
the  present  Administration,  covering  such  items 
as  the  appropriation  made  in  1905  for  a  new 
cattle  barn,  $25,000;  speed  barns,  $6,000;  the 
appropriation  for  a  dining  hall  made  in  1907, 
$15,000;  and  the  appropriations  made  in  1911 
for  a  sheep  and  swine  pavilion,  $125,000,  horse 
barn,  $75,000,  toilet  rooms,  $15,000. 

Up  to  six  years  ago  appropriations  for  county 
fairs  were  limited  to  $200  each.  Two  years  ago 
the  General  Assembly  made  an  appropriation 
of  $50,000  and  provided  appropriations  for  the 
county  fairs  amounting  to  40  per  cent  of  all 
premiums  paid  by  them  except  those  on  speed 
contests.  At  the  last  session  this  was  increased 
to  $60,000  and  the  maximum  for  any  county  fair 
was  made  $2,500. 

Another  work  began  during  Governor  Deneen's 
administration  for  the  special  benefit  of  agri- 
culture was  the  manufacture  at  the  Southern 
penitentiary  of  lime  stone  dust  for  acid  soils,  of 
which  our  State  has  about  6,000,000  acres  in 
twenty-three  counties  in  southern  Illinois.  The 
first  mill  for  the  manufacture  of  this  material  was 
installed  in  1906  and  so  great  has  been  the  demand 
that  in  1909  a  second  mill  was  installed  with  three 
times  the  capacity  of  the  first.  The  production 
is  still  inadequate,  however,  to  fill  the  demand. 
In  his  last  message,  Governor  Deneen  recom- 
mended an  appropriation  to  enlarge  the  mill 
capacity  and  the  General  Assembly  passed  an 
appropriation  of  $20,000. 

A  detailed  statement  of  the  production  of  lime- 
stone dust  at  the  Southern  Illinois  Penitentiary 
will  be  found  in  the  next  chapter  on  "State 
Penal  Institutions." 

Recognizing  the  fact  that  the  fertility  of  the 
soil  is  the  basis  of  success  in  every  form  of  agri- 
culture, and  that  agriculture  is  the  basis  of  all 
industry,  Governor  Deneen  has  steadily  encour- 
aged the  investigation  of  Illinois  soils,  with  the 
result  that  increased  appropriations  have  been 
made  for  this  purpose;  and  farmers  and  land- 
owners are  now  being  furnished  the  information 
needed  for  the  adoption  of  permanent  systems 
of  soil  improvement  in  the  different  sections  of 
the  State.  The  results  have  already  created 

96 


widespread  interest,  and  thousands  of  Illinois 
farmers  are  beginning  to  utilize  with  advantage 
and  profit  the  definite  information  that  is  being 
secured  in  the  soil  survey  and  field  experiments 
now  in  progress. 

Among  the  many  public  officials  who  have 
done  what  they  could  do  to  further  the  interests 
of  agriculture,  Governor  Deneen  has  always  been 
a  leader. 

CHAPTER  XXII. 
State  Penal  Institutions. 

Many  changes  have  been  effected  in  the 
management  of  the  State  penal  institutions  and 
in  the  employment  of  prisoners  during  Gover- 
nor Deneen's  administration.  Stone  crushers 
have  been  installed  in  the  State  penitentiaries  at 
Joliet  and  Chester  for  the  manufacture  of  road 
material  to  be  furnished  free  to  the  State  High- 
way Commission  for  distribution  upon  applica- 
tion by  the  local  road  authorities. 

Since  the  installation  of  this  industry  764,227 
cubic  yards  of  this  product,  with  a  market  value 
of  $486,747.55,  have  been  produced  and  furnished 
to  the  State  Highway  Commission,  Charitable 
Institutions  and  Penal  Institutions. 

In  addition,  there  have  been  established  at  the 
Southern  Illinois  Penitentiary  mills  for  the  manu- 
facture of  limestone  dust  for  fertilizing  purposes. 
Professor  Cyril  G.  Hopkins  of  the  University  of 
Illinois  pointed  out  the  value  of  the  application  of 
this  product  to  certain  acid  soils  of  which  there 
are  six  million  acres  in  23  counties  in  the  southern 
part  of  the  State.  The  fertility  of  these  soils  is 
greatly  diminished  by  their  acidity,  which  is  cured 
by  the  application  of  the  limestone  dust. 

The  first  limestone  dust  mill  was  installed  in 
1906,  and  so  great  was  the  demand  for  the  product 
that  another  mill  was  installed  later  of  three 
times  the  capacity  of  the  first.  The  following 
table  shows  the  amount  of  limestone  dust  shipped 
to  farmers  since  the  mills  began  operations: 

Ton*. 

1906 325 

1907 1,477 

1908 2,461 

1909 4,926 

1910 : .  14,283 

1911 ! 19,795 

1912 6,669 


Total 49,935 

The  Agriculture  Experiment  Station  has  esti- 
mated that  the  demand  for  1912  would  require 
the  installation  of  machinery  with  an  annual 
capacity  of  100,000  tons.  Governor  Deneen's 
biennial  message  of  1911  recommended  an  appro- 

94 


priation  for  this  purpose,  and  at  the  following 
session  an  appropriation  of  $20,000  was  made  by 
the  General  Assembly.  It  may  be  stated  that 
the  material  is  furnished  to  farmers  at  the  cost  of 
distribution. 

Clothing  for  the  inmates  of  the  State  charitable 
institutions  and  for  the  National  Guard  is  manu- 
factured at  the  Southern  Illinois  Penitentiary. 
The  following  table  will  indicate  the  scope  of  the 
work : 

Charitable  institutions,  1906 $  38,155.91 

Charitable  institutions,  1907 82,246.66 

Charitable  institutions,  1908 61,293.36 

Charitable  institutions,  1909 98,408.74 

Charitable  institutions,  1910 147,603.94 

Charitable  institutions,  1911 93,641 .95 

Charitable  institutions,  1912 42,486.24 


Total $563,837.80 

National  Guard,  1907 $  16,715.20 

National  Guard,  1908 7,546 .00 

National  Guard,  1909 61,293 .36 

National  Guard,  1910 2,265.30 

National  Guard,  1911 691 .30 

National  Guard,  1912 4,744.75 

Total $  91,255.91 

RECAPITULATION. 

Total  amount  clothing  for  state  in- 
stitutions, 1906  to  June  30,  1912, 
inclusive. $563,837.80 

Total  amount  clothing  for  National 
Guard  from  1907  to  June  30, 
1912,  inclusive 91,255.91 

Total. $655,093.71 

At  the  State  Reformatory,  manual  training 
schools  have  been  established,  consisting  of 
foundry,  work  shop,  forge  shop,  machine  shop, 
woodworking  shop,  together  with  clay  modeling, 
raffia  work,  sloyd  work,  mat  weaving,  rush  fibre 
furniture,  etc. 

The  instructors  in  these  are  mechanics,  and  men 
of  excellent  character.  The  manual  training 
schools  and  the  trade  schools  at  this  institution 
furnish  to  inmates  abundance  of  healthful  work 
and  at  the  same  time  fit  them  for  the  following 
of  a  useful  occupation  after  they  leave  the 
Reformatory. 

An  extensive  printing  plant  has  been  estab- 
lished, in  which  the  greater  part  of  the  printing 
for  other  State  institutions  is  done. 

The  Reformatory  school  for  the  teaching  of  the 
common  school  branches  of  education  has  also 
been  much  improved  under  the  present  Adminis- 
tration by  the  employment  of  high  grade  teachers. 
Eleven  teachers  are  at  present  employed,  all  of 
whom,  with  one  exception,  have  had  either  nor- 
mal school  or  college  training. 

95 


CHAPTER  XXII I. 
State  Highway  Commission. 

During  Governor  Deneen's  administration,  the 
State  Highway  Commission,  created  in  1905,  has 
done  excellent  work,  both  in  road  and  bridge 
construction  and  in  awakening  interest  through- 
out the  State  in  the  subject  of  highway  im- 
provement. The  powers  of  the  commission  are 
advisory.  It  gives  aid  and  counsel  to  local  road 
authorities  in  their  road  and  bridge  construction 
work. 

Much  of  its  work  in  arousing  public  interest  in 
this  subject  has  been  done  at  meetings  of  Farm- 
ers' Institutes,  which  are  largely  attended  and 
held  in  every  county.  In  1906,  48  of  these  meet- 
ings were  attended  by  the  State  High  way  Engineer 
or  representatives  of  the  commission;  in  1907, 
111;  in  1908,  117;  in  1909,  111;  1910,  127;  1911, 
127;  1912,  to  July  1st,  80. 

It  is  through  this  commission  that  the  crushed 
stone  for  road  material  which  is  now  manu- 
factured at  the  State  penitentiaries  is  distributed, 
and  its  use  in  road  construction  supervised.  The 
following  table  shows  the  quantities  of  crushed 
stone  distributed  since  the  commission  began 
this  work: 

Cubic 

yds.  of 

Counties.  Townships,  stone. 

1906 17  22  39,905 

1907 33  56  96,595 

1908 29  52  120,240 

1909 37  67  136,788 

1910 48  72  103,309 

1911 46  68  152,165 

1912,  to  July  1st -.       30  51  60,362 

Total 710,264 

Three  hundred  and  seventy  miles  of  road  have 
been  improved  by  local  road  authorities  with  this 
material  under  the  supervision  of  the  commission, 
which  has  also  constructed  101^  miles  of  ex- 
perimental roads  in  different  parts  of  the  State 
as  models  for  this  class  of  work.  The  following 
table  gives  the  work  on 

EXPERIMENTAL  ROADS. 

Year.  Miles  of  road. 

1906 4 

1907 12K 

1908 13 

1909.... 22 

1910 28 

1911 22 

1912,  to  July  1st '. . . : 18 

Total 119H 

In  addition,  the  State  Highway  Commission 
makes  inspections  upon  application  of  local  road 

96 


authorities  of  bridge  sites,  designs  and  draws 
plans  for  their  construction  and  supervises  the 
work.  The  commission  has  encouraged  the  use 
of  concrete  for  bridge  building  purposes,  reducing 
to  the  tax  payers  the  cost  of  bridge  maintenance 
which,  in  this  class  of  bridges,  amounts  to  almost 
nothing. 

BRIDGE  WORK  OF  THE  COMMISSION. 


in 
Year 
1906   

No.  of 
bridge          No.  of 
spections     bridge 
made,    plans  made. 
26                 15 
156               113 
198               149 
135               122 
231               203 
300              241 
203               108 

1232              951 

Bridges  —  Built- 
Concrete.    Steel 
2                0 
32                7 
46               17 
57              20 
91               17 
132              26 
12                 1 

372              88 

1907       

1  908 

1909  

1910   

1911        .    . 

1912,  to  July  1st 
Total.  . 

Concrete.  Steel. 
Bridges  under  construction,  not  completed 

July  1,  1912 83  9 

Including  bridges  under  construction,  the  actual  num- 
ber of  bridges  constructed  is  552. 

CHAPTER  XXIV. 
State  Board  of  Health. 

The  progress  in  the  work  of  the  State  Board 
of  Health,  which  was  so  marked  in  the  first  ad- 
ministration of  Governor  Deneen,  has  been  con- 
tinued during  the  past  four  years. 

That  the  State  Board  of  Health,  which  Gov- 
ernor Deneen  has  aptly  styled  "The  Medical  De- 
partment of  the  State  Government,"  with  a 
membership  of  seven  physicians  and  one  secre- 
tary, now  performs  duties  which  in  other  states 
are  placed,  by  law,  in  the  hands  of  two,  three 
and,  in  some  instances,  four  separate  boards  of 
from  five  to  nine  members,  with  a  secretary  to 
e'ach,  is  a  fact  not  appreciated  by  the  average 
citizen. 

Many  of  these  duties  are  necessitated  by  laws 
passed  during  the  administration  of  Governor 
Deneen,  all  of  which  were  framed  with  the  same 
general  aim  and  purpose — the  protection  of  the 
lives  and  health  of  the  people. 

At  the  present  time,  the  powers  and  duties  of 
the  board  extend  over  the  following  broad  and 
widely  diverging  fields: 

I.  The  protection  of  the  public  health;  the 
supervision  of  sanitation  and  sewage  disposal; 
the  investigation  of  water  supplies;  investigation 
as  to  the  causes  of  contagious  and  infectious  dis- 
eases and  the  suppression  of  epidemics;  the  fram- 
ing of  rules  and  regulations  for  the  protection  of 
the  public  health  and  the  enforcement  of  such; 


the  establishment  and  maintenance  of  quaran- 
tine; the  control  of  epidemics  in  cities,  villages 
and  townships  when  local  authorities  fail  to  take 
proper  steps;  the  maintenance  of  laboratories  for 
the  diagnosis  of  diseases  and  the  free  distribution 
of  diphtheria  antitoxin. 

II.  The  supervision  of  the  cubic  air  space  and 
certain   general   sanitary   conditions   in   lodging 
houses,    taverns,    inns    and    hotels   in    cities   of 
100,000  population  or  over. 

III.  The   maintenance   of   a   department   of 
vital  statistics,  for  the  registration  of  births  and 
deaths  occurring  within  the  State  and  for  the 
compilation  of  statistical  data  essential  to  the 
proper  and  intelligent  supervision  of  the  public 
health. 

IV.  The  supervision  of  the  transportation  of 
dead  bodies  and  the  examining  and  licensing  of 
embalmers. 

V.  The  enforcement  of  the  act  regulating  the 
practice  of  medicine;  the  examining  and  licens- 
ing of  physicians,   midwives   and   "other  prac- 
titioners" (osteopaths  and  other  drugless-healers) ; 
the  licensing  of  physicians  through  reciprocity 
with  the  examining  and  licensing  boards  of  other 
states;    the    investigation    of   the   standards   of 
literary  and  scientific  schools  and  colleges  and  of 
medical  colleges;  the  enforcement  of  standards 
of  preliminary  education  in  medical  colleges  and 
the  prosecution  of  unqualified  practitioners. 

The  Laboratory  of  the  State  Board  of  Health, 
created  in  1907  and  maintained  for  the  early 
diagnosis  of  communicable  diseases,  offers  serv- 
ice, without  cost  to  the  people  of  the  State,  and 
affords  early  and  accurate  diagnosis  in  cases  of 
diphtheria,  typhoid,  tuberculosis,  and  other  con- 
tagious or  infectious  diseases. 

The  free  distribution  of  diphtheria  antitoxin, 
which  was  authorized  by  the  General  Assembly 
upon  the  recommendation  of  Governor  Deneen, 
has  unquestionably  saved  the  lives  of  many 
thousand  children.  Illinois  is  the  only  State  in 
the  Union  in  which  antitoxin  is  furnished  free  of 
charge  to  all  classes  of  people,  rich  and  poor 
alike,  in  a  form  ready  for  use. 

CHAPTER  XXV. 
Live  Stock  Commission. 

Great  advancement  has  been  made  during 
Governor  Deneen's  administration  both  in  the 
efficiency  and  extent  of  the  work  of  the  Live  Stock 
Commission.  A  comparison  of  the  records  of 
the  department  for  the  last  twelve  months  with 
that  for  the  preceding  twelve  months  discloses  an 
increase  of  over  fifty  per  cent  in  the  number  of 

98 


cases  inspected  with  a  remarkable  decrease  in 
the  cost  of  inspection. 

This  improvement  in  the  work  of  the  Commis- 
sion has  resulted  largely  from  the  adoption  of 
improved  methods  of  administration  and  extends 
to  the  offices  in  Peoria,  East  St.  Louis  and  Chicago, 
established  to  enforce  the  meat  inspection  laws 
of  the  State. 

The  present  board  on  assuming  control  of  the 
affairs  of  this  department  found  that  the  State 
of  Illinois  had  lost  caste  with  the  live  stock  author- 
ities of  other  state  and  foreign  countries.  To 
so  great  an  extent  had  the  work  of  the  department 
deteriorated  that  its  official  certificates  were 
discredited.  The  situation  demanded  radical 
action  and  a  new  corps  of  Assistant  State  Veteri- 
narians was  appointed.  At  the  present  time 
in  the  service  rendered  by  its  State  Veterinarian 
and  his  corps  of  assistants,  Illinois  stands  second 
to  none. 

The  commission  has  acquired  forty  acres  of 
land  one  and  a  half  miles  north  of  the  State  Fair  ' 
Grounds  on  which  has  been  constructed  a  veteri- 
nary barn  and  Biological  Laboratory  represent- 
ing an  expenditure  of  $30,000.00  which  is  under 
the  control  of  Dr.  A.  T.  Peters,  late  of  the  Uni- 
versity of  Nebraska,  an  expert  of  National  repu- 
tation in  the  matter  of  diseases  of  domestic 
animals. 

At  the  Laboratory  is  manufactured  hog  cholera 
serum  for  the  prevention  of  hog  cholera,  the  same 
being  distributed  free  to  farmers  of  this  State. 

This  has  more  than  doubled  the  work  of  the 
commission  and  it  is  the  intention  to  increase 
still  further  the  output  of  hog  cholera  serum  and 
manufacture  other  antitoxins  for  use  among 
farm  animals. 

Within  the  last  year  over  150,000  hogs  have 
been  treated  with  serum  from  this  Laboratory 
and  over  ninety  per  cent  saved  to  farmers. 

The  commission  is  also  devoted  to  the  other 
live  stock  interests  of  the  State,  and  at  all  times 
stands  ready  and  willing  to  aid  the  industry  with 
all  the  powers  at  its  command,  by  bulletins, 
independent  lectures  and  lectures  at  farmers'  in- 
stitutes. 

The  work  of  this  commission  is  performed  in 
an  earnest  and  conscientious  manner. 

CHAPTER  XXVI. 
Pure  Food  Department. 

The  Pure  Food  Department  was  created  in 
1899.  The  State  laws  prior  to  this  time  were 
very  crude  and  indefinite,  and  consisted  of  some 
27  different  enactments  each  pertaining  to  dif- 
ferent foods,  but  they  did  not  cover  all  the  food 

99 


products  of  the  State.  Moreover,  prior  to  that 
time  no  efficient  method  was  provided  for  the 
vigorous  and  uniform  enforcement  of  the  pro- 
visions of  the  law  through  one  department. 

The  law  of  1899  did  not  purport  to  cover  the 
entire  field  of  pure  food  legislation.  It  con- 
tained no  provisions  prohibiting  the  misbrand- 
ing  of  foodstuffs,  nor  were  there  any  provisions 
for  the  making  of  standards  nor  the  condemna- 
tion and  seizure  of  misbranded  or  falsely  labeled 
goods,  or  foods  that  were  insanitary,  unwhole- 
some and  injurious  to  health. 

In  Governor  Deneen's  message  to  the  General 
Assembly  in  1907,  he  called  attention  to  the  con- 
dition of  the  department  and  recommended  an 
entire  revision  and  amplification  of  the  pure 
food  laws  into  one  complete  code,  modeled  after 
the  National  food  law  that  had  just  gone  into 
effect.  He  also  recommended  a  more  adequate 
appropriation  for  carrying  on  the  work  of  the 
department,  as  well  as  a  larger  number  of  in- 
spectors and  chemists.  He  called  attention  to 
the  fact  that  the  states  of  New  York,  Pennsyl- 
vania, Ohio  and  many  others  had  been  much 
more  liberal  with  their  food  departments  'than 
our  state  had  been  with  our  food  department. 

Accordingly,  the  General  Assembly  passed  a 
general  Act,  revising  the  food  laws  and  crystal- 
lizing them  into  one  code.  The  revised  Act 
also  created  a  Standards  Commission  for  making 
standards  for  the  different  food  products.  More 
adequate  appropriations  were  secured  for  carry- 
ing on  the  work  of  the  department,  the  number 
of  chemists  and  inspectors  was  increased  and  an 
attorney,  chief  clerk,  and  office  force  provided. 
These  changes  placed  the  department  more  on 
a  level  with  the  food  departments  of  the  other 
states  of  the  Union. 

In  1909  and  1911,  the  food  law  of  1907  was 
amended  and  so  revised  as  to  conform  more 
closely  to  the  National  food  law  passed  in  1906. 
Since  the  passage  of  our  food  laws  of  1907,  and 
their  amendment  in  1909  and  1911,  the  rulings 
and  standards  made  thereunder  have  been  made 
in  conformity  with  those  made  by  the  national 
food  officials.  Illinois  was  one  of  the  first  states 
in  the  Union  to  revise  and  model  it's  food  laws 
after  the  National  food  law  and  in  conformity 
therewith.  All  these  things  have  resulted  in  a 
most  complete  cooperation,  not  only  with  the  Na- 
tional food  officials,  but  also  with  the  food  offi- 
cials of  every  other  state  in  the  Union,  and  as  the 
other  states  have  also  had  their  laws  revised  and 
remodeled  after  the  National  food  law,  the  manu- 
facturers and  packers  of  foods  are  thus  enabled 
to  have  one  set  of  rulings,  labels  and  standards 
for  all  the  various  food  products,  which  affords 

100 


far  greater  protection  to  the  consumer  than  ever 
before. 

Since  this  revision  of  our  food  laws  in  1907, 
which  provides  for  the  seizure,  condemnation  and 
destruction  of  illegal  foods,  many  seizures  have 
been  made  of  foods  that  were  misbranded,  adul- 
terated or  contained  poisonous  substances  ren- 
dering them  unfit  for  human  consumption;  and 
these  foods  have  been  condemned  and  destroyed. 

In  accordance  with  Governor  Deneen's  recom- 
mendation, the  General  Assembly  in  1911  passed 
a  Sanitary  Food  Law,  preventing  the  manufac- 
ture, packing,  storing  or  distributing  of  foods 
under  insanitary,  unhealthful,  or  unclean  condi- 
tions or  surroundings.  By  this  Act  the  people 
of  the  State  have  been  protected  from  purchasing 
food  that  was  filthy  or  that  at  any  time  during 
its  manufacture,  transportation  or  sale  had  been 
in  contact  with  dirt  or  filth,  thus  guaranteeing  to 
them  a  freedom  from  disease  from  this  source 
such  as  had  never  been  guaranteed  to  them  at 
any  previous  time. 

On  his  recommendation,  the  General  Assembly 
in  1911  also  passed  a  revision  of  our  new  State 
Stock  Food  Law,  providing  more  adequate  means 
for  carrying  on  the  work  and  providing  6  inspec- 
tors and  2  chemists  to  enforce  the  law  effectively. 

During  the  past  year  more  than  7,800  samples 
of  the  various  foods  have  been  taken.  Of  these 
5,494  were  found  to  be  legal  and  in  conformity 
with  the  food  laws,  and  2,417  were  found  to  be 
illegal.  Hearings  were  immediately  granted  with 
reference  to  all  these  illegal  samples  and  after  such 
hearings  it  was  found  that  more  than  424  showed 
serious  violations  of  the  law  and  prosecutions 
were  ordered.  Of  these  prosecutions  340  resulted 
in  convictions  and  84  cases  are  still  pending  in 
the  courts. 

The  work  of  the  department  has  grown  enor- 
mously and  it  is  now  cooperating  not  only  with 
the  National  food  officials  and  the  food  officials  of 
the  other  states,  but  also  with  the  mayors  and 
boards  of  health  of  the  different  cities  of  the 
State,  with  the  civic  organizations  of  the  State 
interested  in  food  control  work,  with  the  women's 
clubs  organized  throughout  the  State,  as  well  as 
with  the  public  schools,  normal  •  schools  and 
colleges  of  the  State. 

A  study  of  the  food  conditions  and  food  con- 
trol work  shows  that  Illinois  is  the  first  State  in 
the  Union  in  the  production,  manufacture  and 
sale  of  the  various  food  products  pertaining  to 
our  country.  Her  broad  prairies  and  fertile 
valleys  are  peculiarly  adapted  to  the  production 
of  these  foods  and  especially  to  the  products  of 
the  dairy.  We  have  in  our  State  17,000  grocers, 
5.000  manufacturers  of  foods,  100,000  dairies,  700 

101 


creameries  and  receiving  stations,  100  milk  con- 
denseries  and  bottling  plants,  not  taking  into 
account  the  cheese  factories,  booths,  restaurants 
and  other  places  where  foods  are  sold.  More 
oleomargarine  is  manufactured  in  our  State  than 
in  all  the  other  states  of  the  Union.  More  alco- 
holic beverages  are  manufactured  here  than  in 
any  other  state.  Chicago  is  the  largest  cold 
storage  center  in  the  world.  When  we  take  into 
consideration  all  these  facts,  and  the  further  fact 
that  Chicago  is  the  greatest  distributing  point  in 
the  world  for  all  these  various  foods,  the  necessity 
for  an  efficient  enforcement  of  the  Illinois  Pure 
Food  Laws  is  apparent. 

CHAPTER  XXVII. 
State  Game  Department. 

Prior  to  Governor  Deneen's  administration  the 
salary  of  the  State  Game  Commissioner  was  paid 
from  the  general  appropriation  fund  for  State 
officers.  During  this  Administration  the  strict 
enforcement  of  the  game  law  has  so  greatly  in- 
creased the  revenue  of  the  department  from  the 
increased  sale  of  hunters'  licenses  and  from  fines 
secured  from  violations  of  the  game  law,  that  the 
department  has  become  entirely  self-supporting, 
no  appropriation  being  made  from  the  general 
fund  from  taxation  until  this  year,  when  the 
legislature  passed  a  law  that  all  funds  of  the 
department  should  be  paid  over  into  the  general 
fund.  The  amount  appropriated  this  year  for 
the  maintenance  of  the  Game  Department  is 
several  thousand  dollars  less  than  the  revenue 
produced  by  the  department. 

Under  the  present  Administration  the  first 
State  Game  Propagating  Farm  in  the  United 
States  was  established  in  1906.  It  comprises 
approximately  a  section  of  land  devoted  to  the 
rearing  of  all  kinds  of  upland  game  birds  and 
water  fowl.  Eighty  thousand  dollars  has  been 
expended  by  the  department  for  game  birds  and 
their  eggs  since  1905.  Among  the  birds  pur- 
chased by  the  department  were  26,000  quail, 
which  were  purchased  from  other  states  and 
distributed  throughout  Illinois,  greatly  adding 
to  our  native  stock  of  quail. 

The  number  of  game  birds  produced  annually 
at  the  State  Game  Farm  depends  greatly  upon 
the  season.  During  a  favorable  hatching  season 
between  eighteen  and  twenty  thousand  upland 
game  birds  and  water  fowl  are  produced,  and 
100,000  to  125,000  eggs  of  the  various  species 
of  game  birds  are  distributed  throughout  the 
State. 

From  the  information  obtainable  from  other 
states,  Illinois  does  more  in  the  way  of  purchase, 

102 


propagation  and  distribution  of  game  birds  than 
all  the  other  states  combined. 

Nearly  400  prosecutions  are  made  annually 
by  the  department,  and  12,000  to  15,000  com- 
plaints investigated. 

The  sale  of  hunters'  licenses"  has  increased  from 
100,000  in  1904  to  approximately  200,000  licenses 
in  1912. 

The  Game  Department  is  at  the  present  time 
securing  large  tracts  of  land  in  various  portions 
of  the  State  on  which  to  establish  game  preserves 
or  refuges  that  will  be  posted,  patroled  and 
stocked  with  wild  game  birds  and  animals.  The 
object  of  this  work  is  to  rear  in  their  wild  state 
the  game  birds  and  animals  that  are  especially 
adapted  to  this  climate.  The  game  and  animals 
will  be  trapped  yearly  from  these  preserves  and 
distributed  to  other  parts  of  the  State  where  a 
scarcity  of  them  exists.  The  department  be- 
lieves, and  the  sportsmen  generally  are  in  accord 
with  the  idea,  that  this  is  one  of  the  most  practical 
means  of  increasing  our  game  in  this  state. 

It  has  been  proven  beyond  a  doubt  that 
pheasants  are  the  only  game  birds  that  can  be 
reared  in  large  numbers  in  captivity.  They  are 
doing  well  throughout  this  State  wherever  they 
have  been  distributed.  The  imported  Hungarian 
partridges  all  over  the  State  are  doing  well,  and 
are  the  only  game  birds  that  ^will  in  any  way 
approach  our  native  bobwhite  quail — from  a 
sportsman's  standpoint. 

Much  time  and  money  has  been  expended  by 
the  department  in  a  few  years  in  feeding  the 
native  game  birds  in  the  winter  time.  Farmers 
throughout  the  State  are  taking  great  interest 
in  the  protection  of  these  birds,  and  are  assisting 
the  department  in  every  way  possible  by  pro- 
tecting them  against  unlawful  hunters  and  in 
feeding  them  during  the  severe  winter  weather. 

CHAPTER  XXVIII. 
Fish  Commission. 

The  protection  and  propagation  of  food  fishes 
in  our  State  is  of  great  importance  to  all  citizens, 
and  under  Governor  Deneen's  administration 
great  advancement  has  been  made  in  the  method 
of  carrying  on  the  work  under  the  supervision  of 
the  Illinois  Fish  Commission. 

Owing  to  the  conversion  of  a  large  area  hereto- 
fore used  as  spawning  grounds  into  levee  districts, 
the  output  of  coarse  fish  has  been  somewhat  re- 
duced during  the  past  season,  but  the  Fish  Com- 
mission is  arranging  for  new  breeding  ponds  for 
the  artificial  propagation  of  the  coarser  varieties 
of  fish  and  in  this  work  has  secured  the  coopera- 

103 


tion  of  the  United  States  Bureau  of  Fisheries,  so 
that  the  outlook  is  bright  for  a  greatly  increased 
supply  in  the  future. 

The  commission  has  recently  secured  control 
of  large  areas  of  water  in  different  parts  of  the 
State,  which  have  been  the  natural  breeding 
grounds  of  a  great  variety  of  Illinois  fishes. 
These  include,  in  the  northern  part  of  the  State, 
waters  in  the  Fox  Lake  region;  in  the  central 
part  of  the  State,  on  the  Illinois  River  and  em- 
bracing a  number  of  the  best  spring  lakes,  such 
as  Lake  Matanzas;  and  efforts  are  being  made  to 
secure  similar  lakes  in  the  southern,  northwestern 
and  eastern  parts  of  the  State  for  the  same  pur- 
pose. 

The  hatcheries  at  Havana  and  Meredosia  are 
engaged  in  the  propagation  of  wall-eyed  pike  and 
buffalo,  and  several  hundred  millions  of  fry  will 
be  introduced  from  these  hatcheries  into  the 
waters  of  the  state  to  offset  the  unusual  drafts 
made  upon  the  fish  cultivation  areas  by  the 
drainage  districts  above  noted. 

An  extensive  and  effective  system  has  been  put 
into  operation  by  the  Fish  Commission  for  the 
extermination  of  the  gar,  the  greatest  enemy 
known  to  the  fry  or  young  of  other  fishes,  and 
the  prospects  are  good  for  a  prosperous  and 
profitable  season  for  the  Illinois  fishing  industry. 

CHAPTER  XXIX. 
Commission  Form  of  Government. 

Our  State  has  shared  in  the  demand  for  laws 
permitting  the  adoption  by  cities  of  the  commis- 
sion form  of  government  and  at  1909  special 
session  of  the  General  Assembly  a  Commission 
Form  of  Government  law  was  enacted.  The  law 
has  been  adopted  by  Springfield,  Jacksonville, 
Rock  Island,  Decatur,  Carbondale,  Pekin  and 
other  cities.  Its  adoption  is  of  too  recent  date 
to  have  given  opportunity  for  a  satisfactory  test 
of  this  municipal  form  of  government,  but  there 
is  every  reason  to  believe  that  the  very  satisfac- 
tory experience  of  cities  elsewhere  will  be  repeat- 
ed here  and  that  more  Illinois  cities  will  adopt  it 
in  the  future.  Our  present  system  of  municipal 
government  has  often  been  pointed  out  as  the 
weak  spot  in  our  political  system  and  the  demand 
for  reform  has  been  urgent.  As  the  Commission 
Form  of  Government  Law  is  an  enabling  act, 
it  will  afford  a  speedy  remedy  to  municipal 
abuses  should  the  experience  of  the  cities  which 
have  already  adopted  it  prove  satisfactory. 


104 


CHAPTER  XXX. 
Chicago  Parks. 

WEST  CHICAGO  PARKS. 

Under  the  law  the  Governor  of  the  State  is 
charged  with  the  appointment  of  boards  of  com- 
missioners to  administer  the  great  West  and  North 
Side  park  systems  of  the  City  of  Chicago.  Early 
in  the  first  year  of  his  administration  Governor 
Deneen  reorganized  the  West  Chicago  Park  Com- 
mission with  a  view  to  an  extensive  rehabilitation 
and  improvement  of  the  park  and  boulevard 
system  under  its  control.  During  the  year  1905, 
shortly  after  its  reorganization  by  the  Governor, 
the  Board  of  Commissioners  of  the  West  Chicago 
Park  System  submitted  to  the  Governor  a  plan 
for  the  acquisition  and  improvement  of  small 
parks  and  pleasure  grounds  and  sought  his  assis- 
tance in  securing  the  passage  of  bills  authorizing 
the  issuance  and  sale  of  $1,000,000  in  bonds  for 
that  purpose.  The  question  of  the  completion, 
improvement  and  maintenance  of  the  public 
parks  under  the  control  of  this  commission  was 
also  taken  up  with  the  Governor  at  the  same  time, 
and  the  submission  to  the  General  Assembly  of  a 
bill  authorizing  the  issuance  of  $2,000,000  in  bonds 
to  carry  out  the  work  was  decided  upon. 

Both  bills  were  passed  by  the  General  Assembly 
and  were  approved  by  Governor  Deneen,  the 
small  parks'  bond  bill  on  May  18,  1905,  and  the 
West  Park  improvement  and  maintenance  bond 
bill  on  May  11,  1905. 

Immediately  thereafter  a  statement  showing  the 
purposes  for  which  these  bond  issues  were  to  be 
used  was  furnished  to  the  public,  and  at  the  elec- 
tion of  November  7,  1905,  their  issuance  was  ap- 
proved by  the  voters. 

For  many  years  prior  to  the  passage  of  the  legis- 
lation authorizing  these  bond  issues  no  improve- 
ment or  extension  of  the  West  Park  system  had 
been  made,  and  the  condition  into  which  the  parks 
had  fallen  was  deplorable.  As  stated  in  the  report 
of  the  commission,  the  boulevards  of  the  system 
were  impassable;  its  sidewalks  broken  and  out  of 
grade ;  trees  dead  and  dying,  shrubbery  destroyed, 
and  buildings  all  over  the  system  tumbling  down. 
Moreover,  the  system  was  financially  bankrupt, 
its  credit  was  gone,  and  when  the  new  West  Park 
Commission  was  appointed  by  Governor  Deneen 
it  faced  unpaid  bills  contracted  by  its  predecessor 
amounting  to  $180,000,  writh  taxes  for  the  ensuing 
year  anticipated  by  warrants  drawn  and  out- 
standing against  the  tax  levy. 

Since  then  a  transformation  has  taken  place  in 
every  branch  of  the  system.  Financially,  the  park 
system  has  been  placed  upon  a  thoroughly  sound 
basis.  At  the  close  of  the  year  1911,  the  report 
of  the  board  shows  that  a  saving  of  nearly  three- 

105 


quarters  of  a  million  dollars  has  been  made  from 
its  general  revenue.  The  parks  and  boulevards 
themselves  have  been  brought  up  to  the  highest 
standard  of  excellence.  In  the  various  parks  con- 
stituting the  West  Park  System,  splendid  pavilions 
greenhouses,  flower  houses,  boat  houses,  refectories 
and  other  structures  have  been  erected.  The  plans 
and  specifications  for  these  were  drawn  by  the 
State  Architect,  Mr.  W.  Carbys  Zimmerman,  and 
their  design  has  proven  in  every  instance  a  model 
of  artistic  architecture.  Some  of  these  structures 
are  of  enormous  dimensions,  the  new  greenhouse 
at  Garfield  Park  being  the  largest  in  the  world. 

A  new  electric  lighting  system  was  installed,  the 
Sanitary  District  Current  being  used,  which  results 
in  an  annual  saving  of  from  $18,000  to  $20,000. 

During  the  administration  of  Governor  Deneen, 
the  West  Chicago  Park  Commissioners  have  been 
authorized  to  issue  the  following  bonds: 

Improvement  and  Maintenance  Bonds,  April  1, 

1906 $2,000,000 

Small  Park  Bonds,  April  1,  1906 1,000,000 

Small  Park  Bonds,  under  vote  of  November  8, 

1910 1,000,000 

Highway  Improvement  Bonds 500,000 

Bonds  for  Acquisition  of  Additional  Lands 1,000,000 

From  the  proceeds  of  the  $1,000,000  small  park 
bond  issue  of  1906,  the  land  for  three  small  parks 
and  play  grounds,  a  total  of  about  fifteen  acres, 
was  acquired  and  improved.  A  field  house  con- 
taining assembly  hall,  library  and  reading  room, 
gymnasiums,  shower  baths,  lunch  room  and  club 
rooms  was  erected,  as  well  as  an  outdoor  swim- 
ming pool  and  gymnasium  in  each  park. 

From  the  proceeds  of  the  additional  issue  of 
$1,000,000  small  park  bonds  under  vote  of 
November  8,  1910,  the  board  has  acquired  sites 
for  four  additional  small  parks  and  pleasure 
grounds,  a  total  area  of  twenty-six  (26)  acres,  at  a 
cost  of  $943,000.  From  the  balance  of  this  fund 
and  the  money  saved  from  the  general  fund 
during  the  year  1911,  these  new  parks  will  be 
improved  in  a  manner  similar  to  the  three  small 
parks  already  completed. 

A  portion  of  the  funds  derived  from  the  sale  of 
$1,000,000  of  bonds  for  the  acquisition  of  addi- 
tional lands  has  been  used  to  purchase  a  tract  of 
land  in  Austin  known  as  Warren's  W'oods,  con- 
taining about  160  acres.  The  balance  will  be  used 
to  improve  this  park,  the  plans  for  which  are  now 
being  prepared. 

The  issue  of  $500,000  highway  improvement 
bonds  enabled  the  Park  Board  to  pave  all  the 
streets  surrounding  the  parks  in  the  system,  most 
of  which  had  not  been  paved  for  the  past  twenty 
years,  as  no  funds  were  available  for  that  purpose 
until  this  bond  issue  was  approved  by  Governor 
Deneen. 

106 


The  entire  western  portion  of  Humboldt  Park, 
an  area  of  about  sixty  acres,  as  well  as  the  southern 
portion  of  Douglas  Park,  comprising  22  acres,  has 
been  improved  and  is  used  as  a  field  for  base  ball, 
foot  ball  and  other  outdoor  sports. 

During  the  past  two  years  the  West  Park  Board 
has  operated  an  asphalt  paving  plant,  laying  in 
the  neighborhood  of  285,000  square  yards  of 
asphaltic  concrete  pavement  at  about  one-half  of 
the  cost  of  laying  sheet  asphalt  pavement  by 
contract. 

It  is  not  too  much  to  say  that  the  West  Side 
parks  have  been  rescued  from  a  state  of  gradual 
decay  and  brought  to  a  well-nigh  perfect  condition 
by  the  Board  of  West  Chicago  Park  Commissioners 
during  the  administration  of  Governor  Deneen. 

The  boulevard  system  under  the  control  of  this 
board  has  also  witnessed  a  thorough  rehabilitation. 
Space  will  not  permit  a  description  of  the  improve- 
ments effected.  The  following  summary,  however, 
will  give  an  idea  of  the  magnitude  of  the  work 
accomplished  during  the  past  two  and  a  half 
years : 

Concrete  curb  and  combined  curb  and  gutter  con- 
structed, 28  miles. 

Asphalt  pavements  constructed,  12  miles. 

Macadam  pavement  and  park  driveways  constructed, 
23  miles. 

New  concrete  walks  laid,  24  Yi  miles. 

Walks  reset,  11  miles. 

Park  walks  rebuilt,  39  Yi  miles. 

Water  service  pipes  laid,  18J/2  miles. 

Sewers  laid,  8  miles. 

Tile  drains  laid,  5J^  miles. 

Electric  light  conduit  laid,  30  miles. 

Electric  light  cable  installed,  23 }/i  miles. 

Total  number  of  trees  planted,  13,816. 

Total  number  of  dead  trees  removed,  3,109. 

Total  number  of  shrubs  planted,  524,272. 

Black  soil  used,  251,755  cubic  yards. 

Excavating  and  grading,  174,189  cubic  yards. 

Lawns  sodded,  372,082  square  yards. 

Lawns  plowed  and  seeded,  100  acres. 

Concrete,  brick,  granite  pavement,  1  mile. 

A.sphaltic  concrete  pavement,  1 1  miles. 

PARKS. 

Garfield  Park: 

Conservatory $255,000 

Addition  to  stables 14,336 

Boat  landing  and  pavilion 41,526 

Field  house  at  golf  links 12,000 

Douglas  Park: 

Boat  landing  and  pavilion 56,095 

Garden  hall  and  Marshall  boulevard  entrance. . .  .     30,000 

Humboldt  Park: 
Boat  landing  and  pavilion 43,887 

Land  is  being  purchased  for  a  swimming  pool 
adjacent  to  this  park. 

Small  Park  No.  1: 
Field  house  and  swimming  pool 79,875 

Small  Park  No.  2: 
Field  house  and  swimming  pool 82,643 

Small  Park  No.  3. 
Field  house  and  swimming  pool 75,160 

107 


Holstein  Park: 

Field  house $65,000 

Union  Park: 

Additions  to  Administration  building 15,000 

Franklin  Boulevard: 

250  feet  wide  and  one  and  one-half  miles  long, 
connecting  Garfield  and  Humboldt  parks  has 

been  improved  at  a  cost  of 180,000 

Oakley  avenue  from  Washington  boulevard  to  North 

avenue  and  Hirsch  street  from  Oakley  to  Humboldt  Park 

have  been  taken  over  by  the  board  as  boulevards.    Total 

length,  two  and  one-half  miles. 

New  concrete  lamp  posts  have  been  designed, 
and  a  complete  new  lighting  system  has  been 
established  on  Sheridan  Road,  Lake  Shore 
Drive,  Outer  Drive,  Lincoln  Park  West,  North 
Avenue,  North  State  Parkway  and  North  Dear- 
born Parkway.  This  system  of  lighting  has 
been  approved  by  people  from  all  parts  of  the 
world. 

All  of  the  boulevards  and  park  driveways  have 
been  repaved  with  the  result  that  the  Lincoln 
Park  system  has  one  of  the  best  paved  boule- 
vard systems  to  be  found  anywhere  in  the 
country. 

The  park  extension  work  has  advanced  rap- 
idly, with  the  result  that,  at  the  close  of  the 
year  1911,  150  acres  of  land  has  been  reclaimed. 
This  has  been  covered  with  black  soil,  seeded, 
and  the  general  plan  of  landscape  work  carried 
out.  A  yacht  harbor  of  53  acres  will  be  in  this 
addition,  giving  facilities  for  mooring  yachts. 

In  order  to  get  the  enormours  amount  of  black 
soil  required  to  cover  an  addition  of  this  size  it 
was  found  necessary  to  purchase  a  farm  from 
which  this  black  soil  could  be  obtained,  which 
was  done,  with  the  result  that  over  200,000  yards 
of  black  soil  has  been  delivered  for  approximately 
50  cents  per  cubic  yard.  This  previously  had 
been  purchased  from  outside  contractors  at 
$1  per  cubic  yard. 

A  ten  acre  nursery  has  been  established  at 
Lemont,  in  which  all  shrubs  for  the  new  park 
extension  have  been  raised.  This  also  has  re- 
sulted in  a  great  saving. 

Systems  of  efficiency  have  been  installed 
throughout  the  park.  A  central  heating  plant 
is  being  constructed  at  a  cost  of  approximately 
$60,000.  This  has  done  away  with  all  isolated 
inefficient  small  plants,  with  a  great  saving  in 
labor  and  fuel,  also  the  taking  down  of  two  un- 
sightly smoke  stacks  which  were  very  objection- 
able in  the  park. 

Diversey  bathing  beach $17,248.00 

New  lion  house 125,000.00 

Sea  lion  pit 2,500.00 

Park  laundry 13,170.00 

South  refectory  building 79,313.00 

Garage 5,000.00 

Nursery  at  Lemont 10,000.00 

108 


Black  soil  plant  at  Lemont,  111 $120,000.00 

Motor  boat  docks 6,714.00 

Lighting  Sheridan  Road 40,266.00 

Lighting  Lake  Shore  Drive 38,990.00 

Lighting  Oak  Street  outer  drive 9,114.00 

Paving  Sheridan  Road 54,073.00 

Paving  Diversey  Parkway 51,510.00 

CHAPTER  XXXI. 

Governor  Deneen  and  the  Fees  of  State's 
Attorneys. 

During  the  gubernatorial  campaign  four  years 
ago,  certain  charges  were  made  regarding  fees 
collected  by  Governor  Deneen  during  his  terms, 
1896-1904,  as  state's  attorney  of  Cook  County. 
As  it  seems  that  these  charges,  which  have  never 
been  heard  of  since  that  campaign,  are  to  be 
revived  during  the  present  campaign  for  the 
same  political  purposes,  a  brief  review  of  the 
facts  in  the  matter,  which  show  their  falsity,  is 
here  given. 

The  substance  of  these  charges  was  that  during 
the  Deneen  administration  of  the  office  of  state's 
attorney  of  Cook  County,  the  counts  in  certain 
classes  of  indictments  were  unnecessarily  multi- 
plied in  order  that  the  state's  attorney  might 
increase  his  income  from  conviction  fees,  and 
that,  as  a  result,  Governor  Deneen  had  collected 
more  fees  than  he  was  entitled  to  under  a  proper 
administration  of  his  office. 

Both  charges  are  false.  They  depend  for  their 
plausibility  upon  the  lack  of  familiarity  of  the 
general  public  with  the  technical  rules  governing 
legal  pleading  and  procedure,  and  especially  the 
rules  applicable  to  the  drawing  of  indictments. 

To  illustrate  the  technical  exactness  required 
in  the  drawing  of  an  indictment,  one  example  will 
suffice. 

The  law  against  book  making  reads  in  part  as 
follows : 

''That  any  person  who  occupies  any  room,  shed,  tene- 
ment, tent,  booth  or  building,  or  any  part  thereof  .... 
with  any  book,  instrument  or  device  for  the  purpose  of 
recording  or  registering  bets  or  wagers,  or  of  selling  pools, 
or  any  person  who  records  or  registers  bets  or  wagers  or 
sells  pools  upon  the  result  of  any  trial  or  contest  of  skill, 
speed  or  power  of  endurance  of  man  or  beast,  etc.,  shall  be 
punishable,  etc." 

Under  such  a  statute,  the  criminal  law  de- 
mands in  the  drawing  of  an  indictment,  the 
strictest  technical  accuracy  in  charging  the  offense, 
both  as  to  the  place  of  its  commission  whether 
in  a  room,  tenement,  etc.,  or  a  part  thereof;  as  to 
the  means  of  its  commission,  whether  with  a 
book,  instrument  or  device;  as  to  whether  the 
offense  was  accomplished  through  a  bet,  pool 
or  wager,  and  as  to  whether  such  bet,  pool  or 
wager  was  on  the  result  of  a  trial  or  contest  of 

109 


skill,  speed  or  power  of  endurance  of  man  or 
beast. 

The  result  of  these  strict  requirements  of  the 
criminal  law  in  regard  to  a  technically  accurate 
description  of  the  place  in  which  the  offense  is 
charged  to  have  been  committed,  has  led  to  a 
contest  in  nearly  every  case  as  to  whether,  de- 
spite the  various  descriptions  set  up  in  the 
different  counts  of  the  indictment,  any  one  of 
them  fits  the  place  actually  occupied  by  the  de- 
fendant, and  also  is  included  among  the  places 
mentioned  in  the  statute. 

And  such  defenses  are  legal  under  the  terms  of 
the  statute.  It  would  be  a  perfect  defense,  for 
instance,  to  an  indictment  charging  the  defend- 
ant with  occupying  a  room  or  tenement  with  a 
book  for  the  purposes  of  recording  or  registering 
bets  or  wagers,  that  the  defendant  occupied  only 
a  part  of  such  room  or  tenement.  In  the  same 
way,  if  the  charge  was  that  he  occupied  a  room, 
tenement,  or  part  thereof  with  a  book,  it  would 
be  a  perfect  defense  that  the  defendant  occupied 
such  room,  tenement  or  part  thereof  not  with  a 
book,  but  with  an  instrument  or  device. 

Moreover,  the  law  prohibits  the  inclusion  of 
more  than  one  charge  in  the  same  count  of  an 
indictment  and  requires  a  different  count  for 
every  variation  in  the  description  of  the  offense 
as  to  place,  means  or  instrument. 

Therefor,  in  order  to  meet  the  various  defenses 
as  to  the  place  of  the  offense,  permissible  under 
the  statute  in  this  class  of  cases,  it  has  been  found 
necessary  to  state  the  place  in  as  many  forms  as 
are  set  out  in  the  statute,  necessitating  a  separate 
count  for  "room,"  "tenement,"  etc.  The  same 
necessity  exists  also  in  relation  to  the  terms  of  the 
statute  describing  the  means  used  in  the  commission 
of  the  offense,  whether  book,  instrument  or  de- 
vice. Each  must  be  set  up  in  a  separate' count. 

Again  the  crime  is  not  complete  without  the 
recording  or  registering  of  bets,  or  wagers,  or 
selling  pools,  and,  in  order  to  obviate  any  mis- 
take as  to  whether  it  was  a  bet  or  pool,  there 
must  be  a  count  alleging  each  one  of  these  in  each 
one  of  the  places  mentioned  in  the  indictment. 

Lastly,  the  indictment  must  state  what  the  bet 
or  pool  was  on,  whether  a  contest  of  skill,  speed  or 
power  of  endurance. 

From  what  has  been  said,  one  may  readily  see 
that  in  order  accurately  and  technically  to  des- 
cribe a  complete  offense  in  this  class  of  cases,  and 
to  prevent  a  miscarriage  of  justice  through  the 
omission  of  some  necessary  element,  it  becomes 
necessary  for  the  prosecutor  to  allege  the  offense 
in  every  way  it  could  have  been  committed  or  the 
different  necessary  elements  of  it  have  been 
combined. 

110 


It  is  for  the  above  reason  that  to  prevent  sur- 
prises or  mistakes  of  fact  and  to  meet  the  various 
technical  defenses  which  may  arise,  the  careful 
pleader  always  has  and  always  must  resort  to- 
various  counts  in  stating  such  offenses. 

Such  is  the  practice  in  drawing  indictments,  a 
practice  which  has  been  repeatedly  upheld  by  the 
Supreme  Court  of  this  State.  As  long  ago  as 
1866,  in  the  case  of  Borschenius  vs.  People,  41 
111.,  the  Supreme  Court  held  that 

"Although  several  counts  are  sometimes  introduced  into 
an  indictment  for  the  purpose  of  describing  the  same  offense, 
yet  in  theory,  each  count  presents  a  different  offense. 
.  These  are  so  many  distinct  convictions  and  the 
state's  attorney  is  entitled  to  his  conviction  fee  under 
each  count." 

The  law  is  clear,  therefore,  both  as  to  the 
necessity  for  several  counts  in  the  same  indict- 
ment describing  the  same  offense  and  as  to  the 
compensation  of  state's  attorneys  thereunder. 

A  brief  review  of  the  law  governing  the  com- 
pensation of  state's  attorneys  in  this  State  is  here 
given,  however.  It  effectually  disposes  of  the 
charge  that  Governor  Deneen,  as  state's  attorney 
of  Cook  County,  received  any  compensation  to 
which  he  was  not  by  law  entitled. 

The  law  governing  the  compensation  of  state's 
attorney  in  Illinois  was  enacted  in  1872.  It 
provided  for  the  payment  of  fees  to  such  officers 
on  condition  that  they  be  collected  out  of  fines 
imposed  and  judgments  collected  by  them. 
Under  the  law,  on  March  1st  of  each  year,  the 
state's  attorneys  of  the  several  counties  are  re- 
quired to  make  reports  to  the  county  judges  of 
their  respective  counties  of  all  fees  earned  and 
collected  during  the  preceding  year.  Upon  the 
filing  of  such  reports,  a  proceeding  is  begun  in  the 
county  court  to  determine  the  amount  due  to 
the  state's  attorney.  Five  days  before  the  hear- 
ing on  this  proceeding,  the  state's  attorney  is 
required  to  notify  the  county  superintendent  of 
public  instruction  that  the  report  has  been  filed 
in  the  office  of  the  county  clerk.  The  county 
superintendent  thereupon  becomes  a  party  .to 
the  proceeding.  After  a  full  hearing  a  judgment 
of  court  is  entered,  authorizing  the  state's  attorney 
to  retain  the  fees  due  him  and  to  turn  over  to  the 
county  superintendent  the  balance  remaining. 

In  this  manner  judgments  have  been  entered 
in  the  county  court  of  Cook  County  for  all  fees 
collected  by  Governor  Deneen  when  state's 
attorney  of  that  court,  during  the  eight  years  of 
his  administration,  just  as  like  judgments  have 
been  entered  in  favor  of  his  predecessors  ever 
since  the  law  went  into  effect.  Each  year, 
during  the  same  period,  similar  judgments  have 
been  entered  in  each  of  the  remaining  101  counties 

111 


of  the  State,  making  an  aggregate  of  3,762  judg- 
ments rendered  in  favor  of  state's  attorneys 
under  the  law  of  1872,  in  this  State. 

Under  this  law  Governor  Deneen  filed  his  re- 
ports as  required,  with  the  county  court  of  Cook 
County.  As  appears  from  the  foregoing,  the  work 
of  that  court  was  one  of  simple  addition  and 
.verification  of  those  reports.  During  his  term  of 
office,  the  county  court  of  Cook  County  entered 
judgment  for  all  fees  collected  by  Governor 
Deneen. 

This  whole  subject  has  been  repeatedly  dis- 
cussed and  the  charges  answered.  It  has  been 
disposed  of  by  public  investigation,  by  innumerable 
judgments  of  the  county  courts  in  this  State,  and 
by  the  decisions  of  the  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois. 
It  has  also  been  passed  upon  by  the  people.  When 
Governor  Deneen  was  Republican  candidate  for 
the  second  time  for  state's  attorney  of  Cook 
County,  he  received  a  plurality  over  his  opponent 
10,000  greater  than  President  McKinley  received 
over  Bryan.  Four  years  later,  upon  his  election 
as  Governor,  he  received  a  larger  vote  than 
President  Roosevelt  and  the  largest  vote  ever 
cast  for  any  candidate  for  public  office  in  this 
State. 

The  political  animus  which  inspires  these 
charges  is  furthermore  shown  by  the  circumstances 
under  which  they  first  appeared.  When  Governor 
Deneen  first  announced  his  intention  to  become 
a  candidate  for  the  governorship  in  1904  and  had 
made  arrangements  to  begin  an  extensive  cam- 
paign throughout  the  State,  certain  of  his  political 
enemies  raised  this  question,  with  the  hope  of 
injuring  his  candidacy,  and  caused  an  investiga- 
tion of  the  records  of  his  office  just  at  the  time 
he  had  expected  to  enter  upon  his  campaign. 
As  a  consequence,  the  Governor  was  obliged  to 
cancel  his  engagements  and  spend  about  six 
weeks'  time  in  attendance  upon  this  trumped  up 
investigation.  For  the  purposes  of  the  investi- 
gation, the  judge  of  the  county  court  of  Cook 
County  authorized  an  assistant  judge  with  a 
representative  of  the  state's  attorney's  office  to 
inspect  and  verify  each  count  of  each  indictment 
during  Governor  Deneen's  entire  term  of  office 
for  his  two  administrations.  These  investigations 
showed  that  the  Governor  had  failed  to  credit 
himself  as  state's  attorney  of  Cook  County  with 
$10,000  in  fees  actually  earned  by  him. 

After  the  campaign,  the  matter  was,  of  course, 
dropped.  It  was  never  heard  of  again  until  the 
campaign  of  1908,  when  it  was  again  brought 
forward  to  serve  its  political  purpose. 

Governor  Deneen  was  state's  attorney  of 
Cook  County  for  eight  years,  and  the  fees  due 
him  accumulated  to  a  large  amount,  aggregating 

112 


for  the  eight  years  $243,000,  or  about  $30,000 
per  year.  These  are  large  emoluments,  it  is 
true,  but  they  were  large  because  of  the  enormous 
amount  of  business  transacted  by  the  Criminal 
Court  of  Cook  county,  which  at  that  time,  by 
reason  of  its  extensive  jurisdiction  and  the  great 
population  of  the  county,  was  the  largest  Criminal 
Court  in  the  world.  Moreover,  Governor  Deneen 
was  not  the  only  state's  attorney  of  Cook  County 
or  elsewhere  who  received  large  fees  under  the 
old  fee  system.  The  former  state's  attorneys  of 
Cook  County,  Hon.  Charles  Reid,  Hon.  Luther 
Laflin  Mills,  Hon.  Julius  S.  Grinnell,  Hon.  Joel 
M.  Longenecker  and  Hon.  Jacob  J.  Kern,  have  all 
received  their  compensation  under  the  same  law. 
The  same  is  true,  also,  of  the  state's  attorneys 
in  other  counties  of  the  State.  The  court  records 
show,  for  instance,  that  the  state's  attorney  of 
St.  Clair  County  received  the  following  sums  and 
earned  the  following  amounts  during  the  years 
1902  to  1907: 

Year.                                Earnings.  Collections. 

1902 $13,528.35  $11,111.55 

1903 13,948.46  13,556.60 

1904 15,265.35  14,391.17 

1905 21,066.04  19,531.20 

1906 22,756.05  19,767.50 

1907 20,415.65  13,443.50 

The  state's  attorneys'  offices  in  the  other  one 
hundred  counties  were  administered  under  the 
same  system  and  received  in  proportion  to  popu- 
lation and  business,  the  same  compensation. 

Had  the  charges  in  regard  to  fees  been  honest 
and  well  founded,  the  proper  time  to  make  them 
would  have  been  during  Governor  Deneen's  ad- 
ministration of  the  office  of  state's  attorney;  not 
after  it  was  closed  and  when  he  had  become  a 
candidate  for  Governor.  Nor,  does  it  seem 
possible  to  believe  that  with  a  knowledge  of  the 
facts  above  given,  the  public  will  think  it  just 
to  a  candidate  for  a  public  office  to  hold  out  to 
him  certain  rewards  and  emoluments  for  the 
performance  of  its  duties,  elect  him  to  the  office 
to  perform  these  duties  and  after  he  has  per- 
formed them  raise  a  question  over  the  law  which 
provided  for  his  compensation. 

As  has  been  shown,  however,  the  whole  matter 
has  been  passed  on  and  settled  by  the  binding- 
judgments  of  the  courts  of  this  State.  No  ques- 
tion has  ever  been  raised  or  insinuation  made  that 
Governor  Deneen  ever  took  a  dollar  beyond  the 
fees  or  salary  provided  for  by  law,  either  as 
state's  attorney  or  in  any  other  public  capacity; 
nor  in  regard  to  any  other  financial  dealing  in  his 
public  or  private  life.  On  the  contrary,  his  ad- 
ministrations have  been  regarded  as  scrupulously 
honest  an;  I  beyond  the  taint  of  suspicion.  The 


men  who  are  seeking  to  circulate  these  mis- 
leading stories  and  to  keep  alive  for  dishonest 
purposes  the  misrepresentations  upon  which 
they  are  based,  are  those  who  have  been  most 
under  suspicion  of  wrongdoing  in  political  and 
business  life. 


BIOGRAPHY. 

Charles  Samuel  Deneen  was  born  May  4,  1863, 
at  Edwardsville,  Madison  County,  Illinois.  He 
was  brought  up  at  Lebanon,  St.  Clair  County, 
Illinois.  He  comes  from  one  of  the  oldest  fam- 
ilies in  the  State. 

His  great  grandfather,  Risdon  Moore,  a  native 
of  Delaware,  came  to  St.  Clair  County,  Illinois, 
from  Georgia  in  1812.  He  was  a-  soldier  in  the 
Revolutionary  War.  He  was  Speaker  of  the 
Illinois  House  of  Representatives  in  the  Terri- 
torial Legislature  in  1814  and  was  a  member 
of  the  first,  third  and  fourth  Legislatures  of 
this  State. 

In  the  Legislature  of  1823  he  was  one  of  the 
most  active  men  in  opposing  the  calling  of  a 
constitutional  convention  for  "  the  purpose  of 
changing  the  constitution  and  making  Illinois 
a  slave  State.  He  was  one  of  the  two  men  who 

114 


signet!  a  minority  report  which  opposed  the 
calling  of  this  convention  and  demanded  the 
total  abolition  of  slavery  at  that  early  date.  Be- 
cause of  this,  on  his  return  from  the  Legislature, 
he  was  burned  in  effigy  at  Troy,  Madison  county, 
but  in  the  following  election  was  again  chosen 
after  a  bitter  contest  as  a  Free  State  member 
of  the  Legislature. 

Mr.  Deneen's  grandfather,  Rev.  William  L. 
Deneen,  was  born  at  Bedford,  Bedford  County, 
Pennsylvania,  October  30,  1798.  He  came  to 
Illinois  in  1828  and  tor  19  years  thereafter  was 
a  Methodist  minister  in  southern  Illinois.  On 
account  of  a  severe  illness  he  wras  obliged  in  1847 
to  abandon  public  speaking  and  engaged  in  the 
business  of  surveying  land,  which  he  pursued  at 
the  time  of  his  death  in  1879.  He  was  county 
surveyor  of  St.  Clair  County  1849-1851  and  again 
1853  to  1855. 

Mr.  Deneen's  father,  Samuel  H.  Deneen,  was 
born  near  Belleville,  St.  Clair  County,  Illinois, 
December  20,  1835.  He  was  brought  up  at 
Lebanon,  where  he  graduated  from  McKendree 
College,  and  where  he  was  afterwards  professor 
of  Latin  and  Ancient  and  Mediaeval  History  for 
thirty  years.  He  was  adjutant  of  the  117th 
Illinois  Volunteers  during  the  Civil  War  and  was 
United  States  Consul  at  Belleville,  Ontario, 
under  President  Harrison. 

Mr.  Deneen's  mother,  Mary  Frances  Ashley, 
was  born  at  Lebanon.  She  is  the  daughter  of 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Hiram  K.  Ashley  of  that  place. 
Mrs.  Deneen,  Sr.,  was  educated  at  the  Illinois 
Woman's  College  at  Jacksonville,  Illinois,  and 
the  Cincinnati  Wesleyan  Female  College  at  Cin- 
cinnati, Ohio. 

Mr.  Deneen  married  Miss  Bina  Day  Maloney, 
of  Mt.  Carroll,  Carroll  County,  Illinois,  May  10, 
1891.  Mrs.  Deneen  is  the  daughter  of  James 
S.  Maloney  and  Frances  V.  Bashaw,  of  Mt. 
Carroll.  Mrs.  Deneen  was  educated  at  the 
Frances  A.  Schimer  Academy  at  Mt.  Carroll. 
Mr.  and  Mrs.  Deneen  have  four  children — one 
son,  Charles  Ashley,  and  three  daughters,  Doro- 
thy, Frances  and  Bina. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Deneen  are  members  of  the 
First  Methodist  Episcopal  Church  of  Springfield. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  was  educated  in 
the  public  schools  at  Lebanon  and  at  McKendree 
College,  Lebanon,  Illinois,  from  which  he  gradu- 
ated in  the  classical  course  in  1882  and  law  course 
in  1885.  During  his  study  of  law  he  also  taught 
for  three  terms  in  the  country  schools — one  near 
Newton,  Jasper  County,  this  State,  and  two  near 
Godfrey,  Madison  County,  this  State.  Mr. 
Deneen  is  now  one  of  the  trustees  of  the  McKen- 


dree  College  and  represents  the  fourth  generation 
of  the  Deneen  family  to  act  as  trustee  of  that 
institution. 

Mr.  Deneen  came  to  Chicago  in  1885  to  com- 
plete his  law  studies.  He  attended  the  Union 
College  of  Law,  now  Northwestern  Law  School, 
for  ten  weeks,  and,  unable  to  complete  his  course 
on  account  of  lack  of  funds,  went  to  St.  Paul, 
Minnesota,  where  he  clerked  in  a  law  office  for 
nine  months. 

Returning  to  Chicago  in  September,  1886, 
he  secured  a  position  in  the  evening  schools  and 
for  four  years  taught  in  the  city  school  at  Polk 
and  Halsted  streets.  * 

Mr.  Deneen  was  elected  a  member  of  the  Illinois 
Legislature  in  1892.  In  1895  he  was  elected 
attorney  for  the  Sanitary  District  Board,  resign- 
ing from  the  office  on  being  nominated  for  state's 
attorney  of  Cook  County  in  1896.  He  was 
elected  state's  attorney  of  Cook  County  in- 
1896  and  again  in  1900. 

During  his  term  of  office  as  state's  attorney  he 
was  called  upon  to  prosecute  many  important 
cases,  some  of  which  attracted  National  attention. 
Among  the  important  cases  prosecuted  during  his 
term  of  office  were  the  following: 

Adolph  Luetgert.  Emil  Rollinger,  August  Becker, 
Christ  Merry  and  Michael  Synon,  wife  murderers. 

Jheodore  Schintz,  lawer  and  real  estate  broker. 

George  A.  Weimer,  supervisor  of  Lemont. 

William  S.  Young,  public  guardian. 

M.  P.  Kossakowski,  American  Express  Company,  agent, 
embezzler. 

Anton  Boenort,  steamship  agent  and  broker. 

Charles  J.  Ahart,  and  other  ticket  brokers  for  forging 
railroad  tickets. 

The  election  judges,  Ferris  and  Hanrahan  of  the  17th 
Ward,  and  Alderman  John  J.  Brennan  of  the  18th  \Vard, 
for  violating  the  election  laws. 

The  cases  against  the  Board  of  Cook  County  Civil 
Service  Commissioners  for  violating  the  civil  service  law, 
resulting  in  their  removal  and  conviction. 

And  the  following  bankers : 

George  W.  Spalding,  president  of  the  Globe  Savings 
Bank  and  treasurer  of  the  State  University. 

Edward  S.  Dreyer,  treasurer  of  the  West  Chicago  Park 
Commissioners. 

Robert  Berger,  of  the  banking  firm  of  E.  S.  Dreyer  & 
Co. 

William  A.  Paulsen,  president  Central  Trust  &  Savings 
Bank. 

George  L.  Magill,  proprietor  of  the  Avenue  Savings 
Bank,  and  Adolph  Kuhn,  private  banker. 

(The  amount  involved  in  these  several  misappropria- 
tions and  failures  was  upward  of  three  million  dollars.) 

And  the  following  cases  of  conspiracy: 

Alexander  Sullivan,  and  others,  to  obstruct  public  jus- 
tice in  keeping  an  indicted  jury  briber  away  from  the 
jurisdiction  of  the  court. 

The  Gallagher-O'Donnell  &  Brady  case  to  fix  juries. 

116 


The  Dr.  Vnger-Marie  Deffenbach  case  to  defraud  the 
Independent  Order  of  Forest  ers. 

The  Dr.  Regent-Delia  Mahoney  case  to  defraud  the 
Knights  and  Ladies  of  Security. 

The  case  of  Barney  Graff,  and  others,  to  defraud  the 
Rochester  Fire  Insurance  Company. 

The  Weber  &  Kanter  case,  known  as  the  loan  shark 
case,  for  conspiracy  to  defeat  the  city  civil  service  law. 

The  "Coal  Cases,"  for  conspiracy  to  raise  the  price 
of  coal  and  to  restrict  competition  among  dealers. 

The  Masonic  Temple  tax-fixing  cases. 

The  case  of  Policemen  Tedford  and  Davis  and  Law- 
yer Dudenhaver,  to  obstruct  public  justice  by  keeping 
witnesses  away  from  the  jurisdiction  of  the  court.  Also: 

The  cases  against  Policemen  Sheehan  and  Mosher 
for  robbery  and  Policeman  Patrick  Mahoney  and  others 
for  burglary.  And 

The  cases  resulting  in  the  conviction  of  what  were 
generally  known  as  "The  Maxwell  Street  Gang,"  "The 
Weir  Gang,"  the  "Shevlin  Gang,"  the  "Market  Street 
Gang"  and  the  Schrage  bond  robbery  case. 

Bank  officials,  church  officials,  business  men,  corpora- 
tion agents,  lawyers,  physicians,  public  officials  and 
professional  law  breakers  have  all  been  prosecuted  with- 
out discrimination  or  regard  to  station,  position  or  personal 
influence.  Eleven  attorneys  were  convicted  in  one  year. 
Straw  bailers,  professional  jury  bribers,  fradulent  institu- 
tions for  depriving  the  ignorant  and  unwary  of  their  small 
earnings,  organized  bands  to  plunder  insurance  companies, 
bucket  shops,  pool  rooms,  gangs  of  robbers  and  burglars 
have  been  successfully  prosecuted  and  broken  up. 

On  assuming  the  duties  of  state's  attorney, 
December  6,  1896,  he  made  the  following  state- 
ment, which  was  published  at  the  time  in  the  local 
press : 

"I  mean  that  the  state's  attorney's  office  shall  be 
conducted  according  to  the  law.  The  indicted  man 
against  whom  there  is  sufficient  evidence  to  warrant 
a  belief  in  his  guilt  under  the  law,  will  be  tried  no  matter 
what  his  social  position,  religion,  politics  or  color.  If 
under  suspicious  circumstances  the  jury  disagrees  he  will 
be  tried  again  as  quickly  as  possible.  The  office  will  not 
be  used  as  a  cloak  to  enable  dishonest  grand  jurors  to 
blackmail  citizens  or  criminals.  The  criminal  with 
influence  and  friends  will  be  prosecuted  with  greater 
vigor  than  the  one  who  is  penniless  and  friendless.  The 
nolle  protscqui  will  not  be  used  for  building  up  political 
influence  or  for  favoring  friends  at  the  expense  of  justice, 
and  will  be  entered  in  open  court  and  with  a  full  statement 
before  everybody  of  the  reason  therefor.  The  worthless 
professional  bondsman  and  the  straw-bailer  will  be 
promptly  prosecuted.  This  is  the  way  in  which  I  hope 
to  conduct  this  office,  which  should  represent  fairness, 
justice,  honesty  and  mercy  in  all  its  transactions." 

The  records  of  his  two  administrations  show 
that  the  policy  above  outlined  was  faithfully 
carried  out. 

Gov.  Deneen  was  elected  Governor  in  1904  and 
again  in  1908.  He  was  re-nominated  at  the  pri- 
maries April  9,  1912. 

The  important  facts  connected  with  his  adminis- 
tration of  the  Governor's  office  appear  in  this 
pamphlet. 

117 


JOHN  G.  OGLESBY 

Republican  Nominee  for  Lieutenant 

Governor. 

Honorable  John  G.  Oglesby,  Republican  candi- 
date for  Lieutenant  Governor,  is  a  farmer.  He 
manages  the  "Oglehurst"  Estate  of  his  mother, 
the  widow  of  the  late  Governor  Richard  J. 
Oglesby,  near  Elkhart,  successfully  supervising 
this  beautiful  estate  of  four  thousand  acres. 

In  addition  to  looking  after  thtse  extensive 
landholdings,  which  in  itself  is  a  task  of  no  small 
magnitude,  he  devotes  a  part  of  his  attention  to 
the  raising  and  improvement  of  livestock.  Short 
horn  cattle  are  his  specialty  and  his  devotion  to 
this  industry  has  been  rewarded  with  a  success 
that  has  never  been  duplicated.  In  December, 
1909,  he  and  his  half-brother,  Hiram  Keays, 
with  a  carload  of  yearling  short  horns,  bred,  fed 
and  finished  on  their  farms,  were  awarded  the 
Grand  Championship  of  all  classes  at  the  Inter- 
national Livestock  Show  in  Chicago.  This  is  the 
only  time  this  distinction  ever  has  been  acquired 
by  Short  Horn  cattle.  The  carload  of  blue- 
blooded  youngsters  captured  a  total  of  six  prizes 
and  were  sold  at  the  enviable  price  of  fifteen 
cents  a  pound  on  the  hoof.  Including  prize 

118 


money,  the  twenty  head  in  the  lot  netted  Colonel 
Oglesby  and  his  brother  in  excess  of  five  thousand 
dollars. 

With  a  love  of  war  and  politics  inherited  from 
his  illustrious  father,  Colonel  Oglesby,  though 
still  a  young  man,  has  found  time  to  serve  his 
Country,  and  serve  it  well,  both  in  the  field  and 
forum.  Born  in  Decatur,  Illinois,  March  19, 
1878,  he  spent  the  usual  season  in  the  public 
schools  and  then  entered  St.  Mark's  Preparatory 
School  at  Southboro,  Massachusetts.  In  1896 
he  entered  Harvard  University,  but  left  the 
University  in  his  sophomore  year,  at  the  prospect 
of  war,  to  enlist  in  the  Spanish-American  conflict. 

He  returned  from  Harvard  and  raised  a  troop 
of  cavalry  composed  of  farmer  boys  and  was  made 
Captain  of  Troop  K,  First  Illinois  Cavalry.  He 
served  with  the  regiment  until  peace  was  declared 
and  the  army  mustered  out  of  service,  a  portion 
of  the  time  acting  as  Major  of  the  Third  Squadron. 

His  military  training  had  begun  five  years 
before,  at  the  age  of  fifteen,  when  he  enlisted  as 
a  private  in  the  Gatling  Gun  Section  of  the  Illi- 
nois National  Guard.  After  the  Spanish-American 
War  he  continued  to  serve  in  the  militia,  with 
ranks  of  Lieutenant,  Lieutenant  Colonel  and 
Colonel.  In  1905  he  was  placed  on  the  retired 
list,  at  his  own  request,  with  the  rank  of  Colonel. 

At  the  end  of  the  Spanish-American  War, 
Colonel  Oglesby  entered  the  employ  of  the 
Republic  Iron  and  Steel  Company  at  East 
Chicago.  Beginning  in  the  shipping  department, 
he  had  been  promoted  to  the  position  of  iron 
inspector  for  the  plant  when,  upon  the  nomination 
of  Richard  Yates  for  Governor,  that  gentleman 
asked  him  to  act  as  his  Secretary  during  the 
campaign.  He  accepted  the  position  and  upon 
the  election  of  Governor  Yates  was  requested  to 
continue.  He  filled  the  position  of  Private  Secre- 
tary to  the  Governor  until  1904,  when  he  was 
elected  to  the  House  of  Representatives  from  the 
district  composed  of  Logan,  DeWitt  and  Macon 
Counties. 

His  constituents  re-elected  him  in  1906  and  in 
the  latter  term  he  was  made  Chairman  of  the 
Primary  Elections  Committee,  one  of  the  most- 
important  committees  of  the  House.  When  the 
Supreme  Court  decided  that  the  law  passed  at 
the  preceding  session  was  unconstitutional,  Colo- 
nel Oglesby  at  once  went  to  work  to  draft  a  law 
that  would  meet  the  objections  of  the  Court,  and 
this  bill,  known  as  "The  Oglesby  Primary  Bill," 
was  passed  and  became  the  la,w. 

In  1908  Colonel  Oglesby  was  elected  Lieutenant 
Governor  and  it  is  generally  said  that  he  has 
made  one  of  the  most  able  presiding  officers 
the  Senate  ever  had.  The  leaders  of  all  parties 

110 


give  to  him  the  highest  praise  for  his  executive 
and  parliamentary  ability  and  his  fairness  in 
the  Chair.  Of  notable  importance  in  another 
direction  is  the  fact  that  the  pay-roll  of  the 
Senate  has  been  materially  reduced  during  his 
term  as  Presiding  Officer.  Besides,  he  has  re- 
quired the  attendance  of  all  pay-roll  attaches  at 
every  session — a  proceeding  undreamed  of  before 
—and  for  the  first  time  in  the  history  of  that 
body  established  the  rule  of  "docking"  employes 
in  event  of  their  absence  without  legitimate 
reason.  In  all  of  his  four  years  of  service  he  has 
been  absent  from  his  post  of  duty  only  two  days. 
Lieutenant  Governor  Oglesby  submitted  his 
candidacy  for  renomination  for  a  second  term 
to  the  Republicans  of  the  State  in  the  primary 
election  of  April  ninth,  this  year.  The  party 
voters  did  him  the  honor  to  approve  of  his  re- 
nomination  by  a  total  vote  of  275,626,  a  plurality 
of  more  than  201,000  over  his  nearest  competitor. 
Ninety-nine  of  the  one  hundred  and  two  counties 
of  Illinois  were  carried  by  him,  his  plurality  being 
larger  than  that  of  any  other  candidate  in  the 
primaries,  either  National  or  State.  In  a  field  of 
three  candidates,  he  had  received  over  seventy-two 
per  cent  of  the  total  vote  cast  for  Lieutenant 
Governor. 

CORNELIUS  J.  DOYLE 

Republican  Nominee  for  Secretary 
of  State. 

Cornelius  J.  Doyle,  the  present  Secretary  of 
State  and  Republican  candidate  for  Secretary  of 
State,  was  born  at  Carlinville,  Macoupin  County, 
Illinois,  December  6,  1871. 

His  father,  Captain  Thomas  Doyle,  served  in 
the  United  States  Regular  and  Volunteer  Troops 
from  1856  to  1866. 

At  the  age  of  fourteen  the  present  Secretary  of 
State  was  compelled  to  leave  high  school  and 
make  his  own  way  in  the  world.  Working  by 
day  and  studying  by  night  he  was  admitted  to 
the  bar  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  Illinois  and 
afterwards  by  the  Supreme  Court  of  the  United 
States. 

For  four  years  he  was  city  attorney  of  his  home 
city,  Greenfield,  and  subsequently,  was  nominated 
and  elected  without  opposition  as  mayor.  At 
the  end  of  his  first  term  he  was  again  renominated 
and  re-elected  as  mayor,  being  the  youngest 
mayor  and  the  only  one  ever  elected  to  succeed 
himself  in  that  city. 

As  Parole  Agent  of  the  Southern  Illinois  Peni- 
tentiary and  as  Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Arbi- 
tration, he  displayed  sufficient  executive  ability 
to  command  the  attention  of  officials  in  this  and 
other  states, 

120 


Mr.  Edwin  R.  Wright,  President  of  the  Illinois 
State  Federation  of  Labor  says: 

"I  have  always  found  C.  J.  Doyle,  former 
Secretary  of  the  Board  of  Arbitration  of  Illinois, 
friendly  and  helpful  toward  our  movement  in  the 
several  public  offices  which  he  has  filled,  em- 
ployer and  employe  have  always  received  from 
him  a  square  deal." 


Mr.  Doyle  resigned  as  Secretary  of  the  Board 
of  Arbitration  to  become  General  Attorney  of  the 
Insurance  Department  of  Illinois.  While  acting 
as  General  Attorney  the  law  creating  the  new 
department  of  State  Fire  Marshal  was  passed. 
He  resigned  as  General  Attorney  of  the  Insurance 
Department  to  become  Illinois'  first  State  Fire 
Marshal.  The  organization  of  the  new  depart- 
ment required  more  than  ordinary  executive 
ability.  The  Department  of  the  Illinois  State 
Fire  Marshal  is  today  a  model  in  this  line  of 
public  service. 

Mr.  Charles  E.  Sheldon  of  Rockford,  Illinois, 
Vice-President  of  the  American  Insurance  Com- 
pany and  Manager  of  the  Western  Department 
says: 

"I  have  followed  with  increasing  satisfaction 
the  public  career  of  C.  J.  Doyle  and  fully  believe 
his  record  as  a  public  official  warrants  my  assur- 

121 


ance  that  he  is  destined  to  perform  even  greater 
service  for  the  State  of  Illinois.  As  its  first  State 
Fire  Marshal  he  brought  to  the  office  the  gift  of 
organization  which  was  so  necessary  in  estab- 
lishing this  new  department;  an  intelligent  and 
conscientious  appreciation  of  its  requirements  and 
a  fearlessness  in  the  discharge  of  its  duties  which 
have  set  a  high  mark  of  efficiency  for  his  suc- 
cessors to  follow." 

Mr.  Doyle  is  Secretary  of  the  State  Republican 
Committee  and  was  temporary  and  permanent 
Chairman  of  the  Republican  State  Convention  at 
Springfield  in  1912.  Upon  the  death  of  the 
"  Honorable  James  A.  Rose,  Mr.  Doyle  was  selected 
unanimously  by  the  State  Central  Committee  to 
fill  the  vacancy  upon  the  Republican  ticket  caused 
by  Mr.  Rose's  death  and  was  subsequently 
appointed  by  Governor  Deneen  to  fill  out  the 
unexpired  term. 

The  history  of  Mr.  Doyle's  life  has  been  one  of 
constant  endeavor  abounding  in  the  hard  prac- 
tical knocks  which  all  encounter  in  continuous 
advancement  by  individual  effort.  He  has 
brought  to  every  position  of  political  trust  splen- 
did executive  ability  and  clear-sighted  adminis- 
trative force. 

To  a  large  degree,  the  efficiency  of  the  Secretary 
of  State's  office  during  the  sixteen  years  of  his 
distinguished  predecessor,  Hon.  James  A.  Rose, 
was  due  to  the  legal  training  of  the  late  Secretary. 
This  department  deals  with  questions  requiring  a 
knowledge  of  law.  Mr.  Doyle  is  the  only  lawyer 
whose  name  will  be  presented  to  the  people  in 
November  for  Secretary  of  State.  He  will  have 
had  seven  months  of  practical  experience  in  that 
office  and  the  record  he  has  made  is  evidence  of 
his  executive  ability  and  application  of  his  legal 
training,  and  the  high  efficiency  of  the  Depart- 
ment of  Secretary  of  State  has  not  in  the  slight- 
est been  interrupted  since  the  death  of  the  late 
Secretary  of  State  Rose.  <* 

The  Constitution  of  Illinois  imposed  few  duties 
on  the  Secretary  of  State:  Under  the  first  con- 
stitution, (1818)  this  official  was  appointed  by  the 
Governor  and  required  to  "Keep  a  fair  register  of 
the  official  acts  of  the  Governor  and  to  perform 
such  other  duties  as  may  be  assigned  him  by  law." 

The  second  constitution  (1848)  made  the  office 
elective  with  no  new  duties  imposed  upon  the 
officer. 

The  third  constitution  (1870)  now  in  force, 
adds  but  little  to  the  Secretary's  duties  but  retains 
the  provision  of  the  earlier  constitutions  that  he 
shall  perform  such  other  duties  as  may  be  assigned 
him  by  law.  Under  this  provision  the  Legislature 
has,  from  time  to  time,  added  new  duties  to  the 

122 


office  and  invested  it  with  such  additional  respon- 
sibilities that  this  Department  now  transacts  a 
large  part  of  the  business  of  the  State  under  the 
immediate  supervision  of  the  Secretary  of  State. 
From  a  simple  clerkship,  filled  by  appointment,  it 
has  grown  to  a  great  business  office,  one  of  the 
most  important  agencies  for  doing  the  work  of 
the  State.  The  office  is  not  a  political  sinecure 
but  a  position  demanding  hard  work  and  every- 
day attention  of  the  Secretary  and  of  his  appointees. 

One  of  the  more  important  duties  of  the  Secre- 
tary of  State  is  the  general  supervision  of  the 
foreign  and  domestic  corporations  of  the  State; 
the  licensing  of  such  corporations  and  collection 
of  fees,  which  for  the  year  ending  July  1,  1912, 
amounted  to  $462,718.00.  Another  important 
function  of  the  office  is  the  administration  of  the 
election  laws  both  as  to  the  general  and  primary 
elections,  the  furnishing  of  blanks  and  forms  to 
election  officers,  the  compilation  of  returns, 
making  a  permanent  record  of  the  results,  and 
upon  request  instructing  election  officials  as  to 
their  duties.  Another  duty  recently  imposed  on 
the  Secretary  is  the  administration  of  the  Auto- 
mobile Law.  The  fees  earned  by  this  subordi- 
nate department  for  the  year  ending  July  1,  1912, 
and  paid  into  the  State  Treasury  amounted  to 
1431,956.00.  The  net  amount  of  fees  collected 
by  the  Secretary  of  State  and  paid  into  the  State 
Treasury  for  the  year  ending  July  1,  1912,  was 
$965,800.09. 

The  printing  and  binding  of  the  laws,  resolu- 
tions and  journals  of  the  General  Assembly,  the 
reports  of  State  Officials,  boards  and  commissions, 
with  all  of  which  the  Secretary  is  charged,  has 
grown  to  such  proportions  as  to  constitute  a 
business  of  itself  the  intelligent  supervision  of 
which  is  of  primary  importance  to  the  State. 

During  the  recesses  of  the  Legislature  the 
Secretary  must  take  charge  of  all  books,  docu- 
ments and  other  property  of  the  General  Assem- 
bly. He  is  made  the  custodian  of  the  Capitol 
building  and  of  all  State  property  in  the  Capital 
City  now  amounting  to  many  mUlions  of  dollars. 

The  purchasing  and  issuing  of  supplies  to  all 
departments  of  the  State,  amounting  to  many 
thousand  dollars  annually,  calls  for  close  atten- 
tion and  the  use  of  good  business  methods  to 
prevent  waste  and  to  secure  an  economical 
performance  of  the  work. 

The  chartering  of  cities  and  villages  and  the 
prevention  of  the  duplication  of  names  of  munici- 
palities, the  administration  of  the  act  regulating 
itinerant  vendors,  the  furnishing  of  books  and 
blanks  to  free  employment  agencies,  mine  inspec- 
tors and  other  subordinate  departments  created 
in  recent  years,  and  many  similar  duties  enter 

123 


into  the  daily  work  of  the  Secretary  of  State. 
Approximately  8000  commissions  are  issued 
annually  to  'Notaries  Public  of  the  State.  The 
fees  for  this  service  alone  for  the  last  year  amounts 
to  $17,260.00 

The  Secretary  is  also  ex  officio  member  of  the 
State  Canvassing  Board,  a  Commissioner  of 
State  Contracts,  State  Librarian  and  member  of 
other  State  Boards  the  duties  of  which  require 
his  personal  attention. 

This  work  of  the  Secretary,  so  briefly  re- 
ferred to,  is  divided  among  six  different  depart- 
ments: Corporations,  Index,  Anti-Trust,  Supply, 
Shipping  and  Automobile,  either  of  which  does 
more  work  and  is  charged  with  greater  responsi- 
bility than  attached  to  the  entire  office  of  the 
Secretary  of  State  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of 
the  present  constitution.  To  describe  in  detail 
the  work  of  any  one  of  these  departments  would 
require  more  space  than  is  given  to  this  article. 

This  office  is  the  revenue-producing  depart- 
ment of  the  State  Government.  The  fees  earned 
and  paid  into  the  Treasury  last  year  were  but 
a  trifle  short  of  a  million  dollars — a  sum  three 
times  as  great  as  the  total  revenue  raised  by 
taxation  at  the  time  of  the  adoption  of  our  second 
constitution  and  nearly  half  as  much  as  was 
collected  by  taxation  for  State  purposes  but 
twenty  years  ago. 


JAMES  S.  McCULLOUGH 
Republican  Nominee  for  State  Auditor. 

One  of  the  State  offices  upon  which  the  growth 
of  official  business  and  important  acts  of  the 
General  Assembly  have  imposed  in  very  recent 
years  added  burdens  of  duties  and  responsibili- 
ties is  that  of  State  Auditor  of  Public  Accounts, 
for  re-election  to  which  Mr.  James  S.  McCullough 
is  a  candidate. 

These  new  burdens  have  been  assumed  by  the 
office  without  friction  and  the  new  duties  have 
been  performed  from  the  very  start  with  an 
efficiency  that  has  been  a  demonstration  of  a 
fine  organization. 

The  new  laws  have  given  the  Auditor  direct 
charge  over  large  numbers  of  public  expenditures 
not  included  prior  to  that  time  within  observation. 

They  give  him  also  very  delicate,  important 
and  essential  powers  over  the  State  banks. 

The  affairs  of  this  office  have  been  administered 
with  eminent  satisfaction  to  those  who  come 
into  contact  with  it  and  with  scrupulous  honesty 
and  a  first  interest  in  the  public  service  and  the 
tax  payer. 

124 


During  the  first  biennial  period  of  Mr.  McCul- 
lough's  administration  the  number  of  warrants 
issued  for  the  expenditure  of  public  money  was 
21,000.  During  the  last  biennial  period  the 
number  reached  90,000;  the  increase  being  due 
to  three  causes;  first,  the  natural  growth  of  State 
business,  second,  the  issue  direct  from  his  office 
of  a  warrant  for  each  expenditure  of  the 
eighteen  State  charitable  institutions,  instead,  as 
formerly,  of  one  warrant  quarterly  to  each  in- 


stitution for  a  lump  sum  from  which  the  institu- 
tion itself  paid  its  individual  accounts;  third,  the 
new  law  requiring  all  fee  offices  to  turn  into  the 
treasury  all  fees  received  and  the  State  Auditor 
to  issue  warrants  direct  for  all  expenditures  made 
by  these  offices.  Under  the  old  system  a  number 
of  State  departments,  which  are  sustained  by 
fees  exclusively,  received  and  paid  out  their 
resources  without  the  check  of  the  State 
Auditor. 

This  department  in  recent  years  has  achieved 
its  greatest  success  in  the  supervision  and  exam- 
ination of  the  State  banks  and  the  building  and 
loan  associations. 

During  this  time,  the  growth  of  State  banks 
and  building  and  loan  associations,  has  been 

125 


prodigious.  Due  to  the  protection  by  the  State, 
afforded  by  a  model  State  banking  act,  honestly 
and  intelligently  enforced  by  the  State  Auditor, 
the  public  has  come  to  have  such  absolute  con- 
fidence in  its  State  banks  that  they  have  increased 
from  179  in  1902  to  584  in  1912. 

Through  the  public's  confidence  in  these  banks, 
based  without  doubt  upon  a  recognition  of  the 
efficiency  of  the  State's  supervision  and  examina- 
tion of  them,  savings  depositors  have  increased 
from  352,305  in  1902  to  915,750  in  1912;  in 
other  words,  today  one  in  six  inhabitants  of 
Illinois  has  a  saving  deposit  in  a  State  bank. 

The  average  amount  of  savings  deposit  in 
1902  was  $270;  in  1912  it  was  $308  and  the  total 
savings  deposits  in  these  banks  have  grown  from 
$95,155,260  to  $282,734,680  and  the  total  interest 
paid  them  in  1911-1912  was  $8,281,581.  The 
total  deposits  of  all  kinds  in  the  State  banks  in 
1902  were  $242,889,006  and  in  1912,  $690,547,173. 
The  capital,  surplus  and  undivided  profits  in 
1902  were  $37,660,777  and  in  1912,  $122,731,656. 

There  is  possibly  no  demonstration  so  con- 
vincing of  the  efficiency  and  capacity  of  the  State 
Auditor's  supervision  and  examination  of  the 
State  banks  as  these  figures. 

But  taken  in  connection  with  the  small  number 
of  bank  failures  and  the  enactment  of  remedial 
laws,  urged  by  him,  the  record  is  without  an 
equal.  During  these  ten  years  there  have  been 
only  three  failures  of  State  banks.  Of  these,  one 
paid  its  depositors  in  full  and  the  other  two  fell 
not  far  short  of  it.  Several  other  banks  have 
been  forced  to  close  their  doors  but  the  depositors 
have  lost  nothing. 

Upon  his  recommendation,  the  General  As- 
sembly has  given  to  .the  State  Auditor  the  power, 
which  he  did  not  have  before,  of  taking  possession 
of  a  bank  which  he  finds  is  unworthy  of  public 
patronage,  closing  its  doors  and  making  applica- 
tion for  a  receiver  to  wind  up  its  affairs.  . 

This  alone  is  one  of  the  most  progressive  and 
advanced  steps  in  the  science  of  public  super- 
vision of  banking  concerns. 

Building  and  loan  associations  have  also  en- 
joyed prosperity  during  these  ten  years.  There 
has  been  no  failure  among  them,  their  resources 
have  increased  from  $43,684,289  to  $68,975,451 
and  the  investments  repaid  to  members  have 
been  $117,744,062,  carrying  an  interest  or  profit- 
payment  of  $26,740,112,  a  grand  total  of  $144,- 
474,174.  The  number  of  shares  which  have 
been  matured  in  the  decade  was  542,253,  and 
the  shares  in  force  on  December  1,  1911  were 
1,941,507. 

The  prosperity  of  banks  and  building  and  loan 
associations  depends  absolutely  upon  the  public 

126 


confidence.  Public  confidence  is  the  outgrowth 
of  the  faith  of  the  public  in  the  efficiency  and 
honesty  of  the  examination  and  supervision  by 
the  state  authorities  charged  with  this  duty. 

Mr.  McCullough  has  always  maintained  an 
adequate  force  of  examiners  and  inspectors 
not  one  of  whom  during  this  period  has  ever 
been  questioned  as  to  his  competency,  efficiency 
and  honesty  nor  has  any  of  their  acts  ever  been 
impugned. 

Upon  the  success  of  his  administration  of  these 
three  departments  alone,  Mr.  McCullough  might 
well  base  his  bid  for  public  support.  That  his 
administration  has  been  a  success  is  apparent 
in  the  results  which  speak  for  themselves  mor^ 
eloquently  than  words. 

But  while  these  three  are  the  most  important, 
they  are  by  no  means  all. 

The  office  of  Auditor  comprises  many  depart- 
ments, all  of  them  requiring  the  keeping  of 
accurate,  intricate  records  and  accounts  and 
calling  for  expert  attention. 

In  addition  to  supervising  and  examining 
banks  and  building  and  loan  associations,  the 
Auditor  likewise  performs  the  same  service  for 
trust  and  title  guarantee  companies  and  pawn 
broker  societies. 

The  Auditor  is  custodian  of  securities  aggrega- 
ting over  ten  millions  of  dollars  which  have  been 
deposited  by  municipalities,  trust  companies 
and  banks,  as  required  by  law  in  the  performance 
of  certain  legal  duties.  He  must  pass  upon  the 
form  and  the  sufficiency  of  these  securities.  It 
is  one  of  his  duties  to  levy  the  taxes  each  year, 
and  from  them  to  pay  the  interest  and  principal 
upon  millions  of  bonds  issued  by  cities,  towns, 
school  districts  and  counties  for  public  improve- 
ments. This  one  department  requires  the  closest 
and  most  exacting  attention  to  details  that  no 
mistake  shall  be  made.  Yet  in  his  term  as 
Auditor,  there  has  been  no  complaint  of  a  single 
mistake  in  calculation. 

ANDREW  RUSSEL 
Republican  Nominee  for  State  Treasurer. 

Andrew  Russel  was  born  in  Jacksonville, 
Illinois,  June  17th,  1856  and  received  his  educa- 
tion in  the  public  schools  of  Jacksonville  and  at 
Illinois  College.  His  father  was  William  Russel, 
a  native  of  Scotland,  and  his  mother  Emily 
Gallaher  Russel  was  born  in  Sangamon  County, 
Illinois.  Upon  leaving  college  in  1874,  he  was 
employed  by  the  Jacksonville  National  Bank, 
and  has  been  in  the  banking  business  ever  since; 
is  now  vice-president  of  the  Ayers  National 

127 


Bank,  Jacksonville.  He  was  city  treasurer  of 
Jacksonville  for  five  terms  and  was  Chairman 
of  the  State  Board  of  Pardons  from  1901  to  1906 
and  State  Treasurer  from  1908  to  1910,  and  is 
again  a  candidate  for  this  high  office,  having 
received  the  nomination  at  the  state-wide  direct 
primary,  April  9th,  1912.  He  is  a  Presbyterian 
and  a  member  of  several  fraternal  orders,  and 
his  model  in  life  has  always  been  "Do  unto 
others  as  you  would  have  others  do  unto  you." 


He  is  a  real  progressive,  but  believes  that  true 
reforms  should  and  will  be  worked  out  in  the 
party  to  which  he  belongs. 

WILLIAM  H.  STEAD 
Republican  Nominee  for  Attorney  General. 

William  H.  Stead  was  born  in  La  Salle  County, 
Illinois,  June  12,  1858.  His  boyhood  was  spent 
upon  a  farm. 

He  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in  1883  and  prac- 
ticed law  at  Ottawa  until  1904.  He  was  success- 
ful from  the  start.  For  years  he  had  a  large  and 
important  practice  in  La  Salle  and  adjoining 
counties  and  was  one  of  the  leading  lawyers  in 

128 


northern  Illinois.  He  served  as  city  attorney 
and  corporation  counsel  of  Ottawa  and  as  state's 
attorney  of  La  Salle  County.  He  was  president 
of  the  State's  Attorneys'  Association  in  1899. 

In  1904  he  broke  the  slate  at  the  Republican 
State  convention  and  was  nominated  for  Attorney 
General  and  elected  the  same  year.  He  vas 
renominated  in  1908,  under  the  primary  law, 
without  opposition,  'and  re-elected  by  a  plurality 
of  172,000.  He  is  completing  his  second  term. 


William  H.  Stead  has  made  good.  He  is 
everywhere  recognized  as  one  of  the  ablest 
Attorney  Generals  this  State  ever  had.  He  has 
made  no  bids  for  cheap  notoriety.  His  adminis- 
tration has  been  clean,  efficient,  businesslike  and 
fearless.  He  enjoys  the  confidence  and  respect 
of  the  courts,  the  members  of  the  bar  and  the 
people  generally. — Morris  Herald. 

HISTORY  OF  ATTORNEY  GENERAL'S  OFFICE. 

In  England,  where  the  office  originated,  the 
attorney  general  was  the  chief  law  officer  of  the 
crown  and  its  only  legal  representative  in  the 
courts. 

In  this  country,  sovereignty  is  vested,  not  in 
the  chief  executive,  but  in  the  people;  hence,  in 

129 


this  State,  the  Attorney  General  is  the  legal  rep- 
resentative of  the  people,  acting  in  their  sov- 
ereign governmental  capacity. 

Both  the  constitutions  of  1818  and  of  1848 
recognized  the  office  of  Attorney  General;  the 
incumbent  under  the  constitution  of  1818  was 
appointed  by  the  Legislature.  From  1848  to 
1867  no  Attorney  General  was  appointed.  Robert 
G.  Ingersoll  was  appointed  by  the  Governor  in 
1867  and  served  two  years. 

Washington  Bushnell,  with  whom  the  present 
Attorney  General,  William  H.  Stead,  studied  law, 
was  the  first  incumbent  of  the  office  elected  by  the 
people — he  being  elected  at  the  November  election 
in  1868. 

So  important  had  the  office  become  that  the 
framers  of  the  constitution  of  -1870  made  it  a 
constitutional  elective  office,  forming  a  con- 
stituent part  of  the  executive  department. 

James  K.  Edsall,  of  Lee,  was  the  first  Attorney 
General  elected  under  the  constitution  of  1870. 
He  served  two  terms  and  was  succeeded  by 
James  McCartney,  of  Wayne.  Mr.  McCartney 
was  succeeded  by  George  Hunt,  of  Edgar. 
Maurice  T.  Moloney,  of  La  Salle,  Edward  C. 
Aikin,  of  Will,  Howland  J.  Hamlin,  of  Shelby, 
and  William  H.  Stead,  of  La  Salle,  have  served 
the  State  in  the  capacity  of  Attorney  General. 

COMMON  LAW  DUTIES. 

The  position  of  the  Attorney  General  of  Illinois 
is  practically  the  same  as  that  of  the  attorney 
general  of  England,  except  that  his  sovereign  is 
the  people. 

The  Legislature  of  Illinois  has  never  deemed  it 
wise  or  expedient  specifically  to  enumerate  all 
of  his  duties,  and  the  courts  have  not  undertaken 
to  define  their  limitations  or  extent.  Our  court 
has  held  that  he  is  vested  with  all  the  powers  of 
the  English  office  and,  in  addition,  those  imposed 
by  statute. 

STATUTORY  DUTIES. 

His  statutory  duties  fall  under  two  heads — the 
advisory  and  the  court.  He  is  at  once  advocate 
and  counsellor. 

In  the  exercise  of  these  powers  and  in  the  dis- 
charge of  these  duties,  the  Attorney  General 
touches  all  the  governmental  .activities  of  the 
State.  Neither  work  is  more  important  than  the 
other.  In  the  discharge  of  either  or  both  of 
these  duties,  a  high  order  of  talent  is  necessary. 

ADVISORY  WORK. 

He  is  the  legal  adviser  of  the  Governor,  all 
State  officers,  State  boards,  commissions  and  in- 
stitutions— seventy-five  in  number — the  General 
Assembly,  and  the  state's  attorneys — one  hundred 
and  two  in  number — who  have  the  right  to  ask 

130 


his  guidance,  through  his  written  opinion,  of 
the  law  under  which  they  are  operating  or  of  the 
procedure  they  have  outlined  for  their  several 
offices  and  departments.  In  one  way  or  another, 
the  legal  powers,  duties,  limitations  and  restric- 
tions of  all  State  and  county  officers  pass  under 
his  scrutiny.  His  opinions,  therefore,  define,  to 
a  great  extent,  the  policy  of  the  government. 

The  record  of  Attorney  General  Stead,  during 
the  past  eight  years,  has  been  remarkable  for 
the  number  of  opinions  rendered  and  for  the 
practical  unanimity  with  which  they  have  been 
sustained  in  all  those  instances  in  which  the  ques- 
tions under  consideration  were  submitted  to  the 
Supreme  Court.  r 

The  more  important  opinions  affecting  the  ad- 
ministration of  the  laws — principally  State,  county 
and  township — are  printed  in  the  biennial  re- 
ports. The  last  biennial  report  of  Attorney 
General  Stead  contained  940  printed  pages. 
Copies  of  these  reports  are  distributed  to  all  parts 
of  the  State  and  opinions  found  therein  are  useful 
to  county  officials,  including  supervisors,  in  the 
practical  administration  of  the  county  govern- 
ment. 

COURT  WORK. 

The  Attorney  General  represents  the  people  of 
the  State,  or  any  officer  thereof,  in  all  courts. 
Important  litigation  is  always  pending.  He 
must  appear  for  and  represent  the  people  in  all 
criminal  cases  in  the  Supreme  Court. 

BIG  CASES  HANDLED. 

Some  of  the  most  important  cases  in  the  State's 
history  have  been  handled  by  Attorney  General 
Stead.  That  they  have  been  handled  with 
energy  and  marked  ability  is  demonstrated  by 
the  results. 

ILLINOIS  CENTRAL  CASE. 
Attorney  General  Stead  prepared  arid  argued 
the  Illinois  Central  case.  He  won  this  suit  in 
the  Supreme  Court  upon  every  important  legal 
point  but  one,  namely,  that  the  State  cannot  go 
back  of  the  year  1905.  The  case  has  been  re- 
manded to  the  circuit  court  of  La  Salle  County. 
An  answer  has  been  filed  by  the  company  and 
the  work  of  stating  the  account  is  now  under 
way.  Under  the  court's  decision,  the  com- 
pany must  fully  and  fairly  account  to  the  State 
for  seven  per  cent  of  all  its  charter  line  receipts 
since  1905,  and  for  all  future  time.  This  de- 
cision is  of  far-reaching  importance.  It  has  al- 
ready increased  the  revenues  of  the  State  from 
the  Illinois  Central  Railroad,  and  will  continue 
to  increase  these  revenues  for  all  time  to  come, 
thereby  reducing  the  burdens  of  the  taxpayer* 

131 


THE  BOND  CASES. 

Attorney  General  Stead  instituted  numerous 
suits  against  ex-State  Auditors  and  Treasurers  to 
recover  moneys .  retained  by  them  for  expenses 
in  handling  registered  bond  funds.  Many  of 
these  suits  have  been  separately  and  vigor- 
ously contested.  The  Supreme  Court  held  that 
the  fees  belong  to  the  State.  In  every  instance, 
where  a  trial  has  been  had,  the  State  has  won. 
As  a  result  of  these  suits,  there  has  been  paid 
into  the  State  treasury  over  $200,000.00.  A 
total  of  nearly  $300,000.00  has  been  collected 
and  put  in  judgment.  Some  of  the  suits  have 
not  yet  been  reached  for  trial. 

SWINDLING  CONCERNS  SUPPRESSED. 

One  of  the  things  Attorney  General  Stead  did 
was  to  cut  short  in  their  infancy  a  new  form  of 
swindling  which  promised  to  become  prolific  be- 
cause of  their  air  of  respectability. 

The  Ccntinental  Finance  Company  was  a 
partnership  affair,  soliciting  business  for  invest- 
ment purposes.  Its  literature  indicated  that  it 
depended  upon  the  lapses  and  forfeitures  of  its 
contract  holders  for  profits. 

Attorney  General  Stead  proceeded  against  the 
concern.  The  court  held  that  this  company  was 
carrying  on  an  illegal  banking,  money  loaning 
and  investment  business. 

STRENGTHENS  INHERITANCE  TAX  LAW. 

The  Legislature  having  passed  an  act  prohibit- 
ing trust  companies,  banks  and  corporations  from 
transferring  the  personal  property  of  the  de- 
cedent without  a  permit  from  the  Attorney  Gen- 
eral, the  National  Safe  Deposit  Company  at- 
tp.cked  the  law  in  the  courts.  Mr.  Stead  de- 
fended the  law  and  the  courts  upheld  the  act. 

ABOLISHES  HABEAS  CORPUS  MILL. 

The  habeas  corpus  mill  was  broken  up  by 
Attorney  General  Stead  when  he  made  a  de- 
termined effort  to  stop  the  liberation  by  the 
lower  courts  of  prisoners  from  Joliet  and  Chester 
upon  mere  technicalities  and  flimsy  excuses,  after 
the  Supreme  Court  had  decided  that  they  had 
been  legally  tried  and  convicted. 

THE  TWO-CENT  RATE  CASE. 

One  of  the  weaker  of  the  railroads  in  this 
State  attacked  the  two-cent  fare  law. 

Attorney  General  Stead  has  defended  the  law 
and  has  argued  the  case  in  the  Federal  courts. 
The  case  is  now,  and  has  been,  for  months, 
pending  in  the  Federal  court  under  advisement 
by  that  court,  the  final  argument  having  been 
made  November,  1911. 

132 


MINERS'  QUALIFICATION  ACT. 

Attorney  General  Stead  defended,  in  the  Su- 
preme Court,  the  constitutionality  of  the  miners' 
qualification  act.  He  contended  for  the  validity 
of  the  enactment,  and  the  court  sustained  his 
contention. 

WOMEN'S  TEN-HOUR  LAW. 

The  Attorney  General's  department  handled  the 
two  cases  involving  the  constitutionality  of  the 
acts  of  the  General  Assembly  prohibiting  women 
from  working  more  than  ten  hours  in  any  one 
day.  Both  cases  were  bitterly  contested,  but 
the  laws  were  upheld. 

SUBMERGED  LANOS. 

In  conjunction  with  the  state's  attorney  of 
Cook  County,  Mr.  Stead  has  instituted  numerous 
suits  to  recover  made  lands  along  the  shores  of 
Lake  Michigan.  The  work  of  preparation  in 
these  suits  has  been  enormous.  The  cases  are 
now  ready  for  trial  and  will  be  disposed  of  at 
an  early  date. 

OTHER  BIG  SUITS. 

The  Kaskaskia  Commons  case  was  notable  for 
its  historical  interest.  As  a  result  of  this  litiga- 
tion, a  large  amount  of  property  has  been  re- 
covered for  the  Kaskaskia  schools. 

The  Act  of  the  last  General  Assembly  compell- 
ing all  State  boards  and  officers  to  turn  their 
fees  into  the  State  treasury  was  attacked  by  the 
Chicago  Board  of  Trade  because  it  affected  the 
inspection  of  grain.  The  court  upheld  the  Act, 
which  was  defended  by  Attorney  General  Stead, 
and  recommended  by  him  to  the  Legislature. 

Among  the  many  other  important  cases 
handled  by  Attorney  General  Stead  are  the 
Illinois-Iowa  Boundary  case,  which  settled  the 
question  cf  the  boundary  between  Illinois  and 
Iowa;  the  Express  cases  and  the  Switching  Rule 
cases,  which  brought  about  the  amendment  of 
•  the  railroad  and  warehouse  act;  the  Kline  mur- 
der case,  which  settled  the  question  of  the  power 
and  authority  of  the  militia  when  called  into 
actual  service;  the  Marshall  Field  inheritance 
tax  case,  which  put  an  end  to  the  evasion  of 
inheritance  tax  by  ante-nuptial  contracts;  the 
Joyce  case,  in  which  the  constitutionality  of  the 
parole  law  was  upheld;  the  Spring  Lake  case, 
which  preserved  to  the  people  a  navigable  lake 
in  Tazewell  County;  the  Seeberger  case,  in  which 
the  Governor's  veto  to  the  corporation  bill  was 
made  effective;  and  numerous  revenue  cases  in- 
volving the  validity  of  recent  statutes. 

133 


COURT  OF  CLAIMS. 

Attorney  General  Stead  has  vigorously  resist- 
ed each  and  every  claim  filed  against  the  State 
where  a  liability  was  not  clear.  As  a  result  of 
this  policy,  over  ninety  per  cent  of  all  the  claims 
filed  against  the  State  during  his  administration 
have  been  defeated  or  dismissed.  During  the 
past  eight  years,  claims  amounting  to  $286,- 
655.66  have  been  filed  against  the  State  and  dis- 
posed of.  Of  theseclaims  $25,294.09  were  allowed 
and  $261,361.56  were  defeated  or  dismissed. 

A  PRODIGIOUS  GROWTH. 

The  Attorney  General's  office  is  one  of  the 
State's  busiest.  The  work,  since  1905,  has  more 
than  quadrupled?  The  preceding  summary  of 
the  advisory  and  court  work  of  Attorney  General 
Stead  gives  a  glimpse  only  of  the  tremendous 
amount  of  physical  and  mental  work  of  the  office 
for  the  last  eight  years. 

Properly  to  show,  in  print,  the  growth  of  a 
department  of  this  character — a  purely  legal 
one — is  extremely  difficult.  The  nature  of  a 
lawyer's  work,  which  consists  of  study,  research, 
investigation  and  reasoning,  is  such  as  prevents 
any  adequate  description  of  its  increase  or  growth. 
A  lawyer  can  realize  the  amount  of  work  necessary 
in  the  preparation  of  one  case,  or  of  one  important 
opinion;  a  layman  can  only  imagine  the  amount 
of  labor  and  time  necessary  to  prepare  over  500 
cases  in  a  period  of  two  years,  or  to  investigate 
the  law  and  formulate  over  2,000  official  legal 
opinions  in  one  year,  many  of  these  opinions 
involving  the  consideration  of  novel  and  unusual 
constitutional  and  statutory  questions. 

GROWTH  ILLUSTRATED. 

While  a  lawyer's  work  is  weighed,  not  counted, 
yet  the  following  table  serves  to  illustrate  the 
increased  volume  of  business  of  the  Attorney 
General's  office: 

1872-1874 — Number  of  official  opinions  filed  by  Attorney 
General  Edsall — 51. 

1911 — Number  of  official  opinions  filed  by  Attorney 
General  Stead— 1700. 

1872-1874 — Attorney  General  Edsall  appeared  for  the 
State  in  court  in  76  cases. 

In  1911  Attorney  General  Stead  appeared  for  the  State 
in  court  in  215  cases. 

In  1911  number  of  unofficial  opinions  written  by 
Attorney  General  Stead,  16,000. 

Attorney  General  Edsall's  first  biennial  report  contained 
eight  printed  pages. 

Attorney  General  Stead's  last  biennial  report  contained 
940  printed  pages. 

Volume  of  work  in  Attorney  General's  department  since 
1905  has  more  than  quadrupled. 

Office  force  in  1905  consisted  of  three  assistants,  one 
clerk,  two  stenographers,  and  a  porter. 

134 


Office  force  in  1911  consists  of  six  assistants,  a  brief 
maker,  a  law  clerk,  an  inheritance  tax  assistant,  five 
stenographers,  a  telephone  operator,  a  porter  and  a 
janitor,  with  temporary  increases  frequent  during  the 
sessions  of  the  supreme  court,  and  the  General  Assembly. 

CAUSES  OF  GROWTH. 

This  rapid  and  prodigious  growth  can  very 
easily  be  accounted  for. 

The  last  few  years  has  witnessed  a  vast  exten- 
sion of  the  activity  of  the  State  government. 
Illinois  has  placed  herself  in  the  forefront  of 
states  in  the  amount  and  quality  of  its  progressive 
legislation  and  administration  for  industrial  and 
social  betterment.  The  last  eight  years  has 
witnessed  the  creation  of  many  administrative 
boards,  commissions,  and  the  extension  of  the 
work  of  old  boards  and  commissions.  The 
efficiency  of  these  administrative  instrumentali- 
ties, through  which  the  laws  for  industrial  and 
social  betterment  are  carried  out,  has  been  in- 
creased by  the  careful  and  thorough  opinions, 
both  written  and  oral,  which  have  been  given 
the  officers  charged  with  the  administrative 
features  of  these  laws.  It  has  been  incumbent 
on  the  Attorney  General  to  blaze  the  way  with 
his  opinions.  It  would  require  columns  to  review 
briefly  these  new  laws  and  the  new  and  unusual 
questions  they  have  presented.  Following  the 
opinions  have  come  the  court  tests  in  which  it 
was  incumbent  upon  him  to  defend  the  new  acts. 
It  is  a  source  of  great  pride  that  almost  without 
exception  his  views  have  been  sustained  by  the 
courts. 

THE  HAMLIN  RULING. 

Another  reason  for  the  increase  resulted  from 
the  ruling  of  Attorney  General  Hamlin  that  the 
Attorney  General  is  the  duly  constituted  legal 
adviser  of  all  State  officers,  departments,  boards, 
commissions  and  institutions. 

At  the  time  of  this  ruling,  practically  every 
officer,  board  and  commission  had  its  own 
attorney.  The  Attorney  General  was  a  mere 
figurehead  and  was  little  considered  in  the  econo- 
my of  government. 

The  Hamlin  ruling  centralized  the  legal  work 
of  the  State  in  the  Attorney  General's  office.  The 
decision  was  just  coming  to  be  felt  in  the  office 
when  Mr.  Stead  entered  and  it  has  culminated 
in  his  administration  in  making  the  department 
dignified  and  effective,  as  well  as  extensive  and 
busy,  but  the  increase  in  employes  and  expense 
nowhere  equals  the  immense  saving  through  the 
dispatching  of  the  special  attorneys  and  their 
elaborate  office  equipment. 

135 


STEAD'S  FEE  RULING. 

The  Hamlin  decision  forced  every  board, 
commission  and  institution,  dependent  upon 
biennial  appropriations  for  support,  (with  the 
exception  of  one  or  two  where  the  statute  made 
provision  for  attorneys)  to  depend  upon  the 
Attorney  General.  There  remained,  however, 
a  number  of  boards  and  commissions  which  main- 
tained themselves  solely  out  of  the  fees  collected, 
from  which  they  continued  to  employ  special 
attorneys.  Mr.  Stead,  in  an  opinion  to  the 
General  Assembly,  declared  that  all  fees  collected 
by  any  agency  of  the  State  government  must  be 
turned  into  the  State  treasury,  and  that  all  the 
fee  departments  and  boards  should  be  supported 
by  specific  appropriations  made  by  the  Legislature. 

This  ruling  also  is  logical,  though  revolutionary. 
The  Legislature  made  the  decision  a  law,  which 
the  court  has  already  upheld,  and  those  agencies 
which  had  been  escaping  the  effect  of  the  Hamlin 
ruling  have  been  forced  to  apply  to  the  Attorney 
General  for  their  legal  advice. 

WILL  SAVE  STATE  MONEY. 

While  this  ruling  will  add  some  to  the  expense 
of  the  Attorney  General's  department,  it  will  be 
far  from  the  aggregate  cost  of  the  special  attorneys 
engaged  by  these  boards  and  commissions  under 
the  old  system.  It  will  save  the  State  money 
in  another  respect.  The  State  will  be  enriched 
by  the.  fees  and  moneys  collected  by  these  various 
boards  and .  commissions  and  no  part  thereof 
may  .be  expended  unless  specifically  authorized 
by  the  legislature. 

Apparently,  the  legislative  appropriations  will 
be  increased.  •  In  reality,  the  funds  in  the  State 
treasury  will  be  increased  in  greater  proportion, 
as  the  Legislature  will  not,  in  every  instance, 
appropriate  the  whole  of  the  fees  and  moneys 
collected  by  these  various  boards  for  their  main- 
tenance and  support. 

INHERITANCE  TAX. 

During  the  past  seven  and  one-half  years, 
through  legal  proceedings  instituted  by  Attorney 
General  Stead,  inheritance  taxes  have  been 
assessed  as  follows: 

In  Cook  County $5,778,727.31 

In   other   counties 729,491.43 


Total $6,508,218.74 

Owing  to  the  liberal  exemptions  of  the  Inheri- 
tance Tax  Law,  no  unjust  burdens  are  imposed, 
and  it  affects  only  those  individuals  who  can 
well  afford  to  bear  it;  hence,  there  is  no  sentiment, 
in  the  legislature  or  in  thf  public,  in  favor  of  its 
repeal. 


Most  of  the  work  of  perfecting  the  collection 
machinery  of  this  law  has  fallen  upon  Attorney 
General  Stead.  The  law  is  not  automatic,  nor  is 
it  self-enforcing.  Its  administration,  especially  in 
counties  outside  of  Cook,  has  been  far  from  perfect 
and  there  yet  remain  many  defects  which  must 
be  removed. 

Mr.  Stead  has  frequently  called  the  attention  of 
the  Legislature  to  the  inadequacy  and  inefficiency 
of  the  law  in  these  counties,  but  so  far  the  supple- 
mentary legislation  desired  has  not  been  granted, 
and  the  Attorney  General  has  been  forced  upon 
his  own  resources  and  ingenuity  to  get  what  has 
been  received. 

Immediately  after  his  induction  into  office,  Mr. 
Stead  began  a  systematic  search  of  the  probate 
records  in  counties  outside  of  Cook.  Many  estates 
subject  to  this  tax  were  discovered  and  proceed- 
ings instituted  to  enforce  collection.  Hundreds  of 
thousands  of  dollars,  as  a  result  of  these  proceed- 
ings, have  been  turned  into  the  State  treasury. 

The  costs  of  the  Attorney  General's  department, 
in  assessing  these  taxes,  including  special  assist- 
ants, in  every  instance,  have  been  paid  out  of  the 
Attorney  General's  appropriations.  In  no  instance, 
have  the  fees  and  expenses  of  special  attorneys 
employed  by  the  Attorney  General  to  conduct 
these  proceedings  been  deducted  from  the  taxes 
assessed.  The  deductions  made  from  the  inheri- 
tance taxes  assessed  have  been  for  the  fees  and 
expenses  of  appraisers,  witnesses  and  court  costs, 
fixed  and  allowed  by  the  various  county  judges, 
under  the  provisions  of  the  Inheritance  Tax 
Law.  For  these  allowances,  the  Attorney  Gen- 
eral was  and  is  in  no  way  responsible. 

The  total  appropriations  expended  by  the 
Attorney  General  for  inheritance  tax  work  (in- 
cluding maintenance  of  the  inheritance  tax  office 
of  Cook  County,  special  attorneys,  and  all  other 
expenses),  have  amounted  to  less  than  2^  per 
cent  of  the  taxes  assessed  through  the  proceedings 
instituted  by  his  department. 

COOK  COUNTY  INHERITANCE  TAX  OFFICE. 

In  Cook  County,  the  machinery  to  collect  this 
tax  is  fully  equipped  and  adequate.  In  1901,  the 
General  Assembly  provided  for  an  Inheritance 
Tax  Attorney  for  Cook  County,  but  made  no 
provision  for  the  expenses  of  his  office.  It  was 
impossible  for  him  to  proceed  at  law  against 
those  estates  which  failed  to  make  voluntary 
returns.  The  consequence  was  that  an  assess- 
ment of  $300,000  or  $350,000  a  year  was  large. 

When  Mr.  Stead  became  Attorney  General  he 
at  once  made  provision  out  of  his  office  funds, 
for  a  stenographer  and  such  office  expenses  as  were 
imperative,  aggregating  $150  per  month. 

137 


Facilities  have,  from  time  to  time,  been  au- 
thorized by  the  Legislature.  Gains  in  collections 
followed.  In  1909,  strong  power  was  given  the 
Attorney  General  by  a  law  which  prohibited  the 
transfer  of  personal  property  of  a  decedent  by 
banks,  trust  companies  or  other  corporations 
without  his  consent.  The  following  tabular 
statement  represents  the  work  of  the  inheritance 
tax  department  of  Cook  County: 

TAXES  ASSESSED. 

1905-1909  (Mr.  Stead's  first  term) $1,768,596.25 

1909-1911 : 2,907,702.85 

January  1,  1912— August  31,  1912 1,102,428.21 

Total $5,778,727.31 

CASES  HANDLED. 

1905-1909 1,561 

During  1911 6,985 

September  1,  1910— August  31,  1912 15,123 

ASSISTED  STATE'S  ATTORNEYS. 

Attorney  General  Stead  has  uniformly  co- 
operated- with  state's  attorneys  throughout  the 
State  in  the  enforcement  of  the  law.  Whenever 
called  upon  for  counsel  and  advice,  he  has 
promptly  responded.  He  has  neither  desired  nor 
attempted,  however,  to  supplant  the  state's 
attorney  in  any  county,  nor  override  his  statutory 
powers. 

UNOFFICIAL  WORK. 

A  great  mass  of  the  correspondence  of  the  office 
arises  from  the  insistent  demands  for  opinions  on 
the  part  of  city,  village,  township  and  other  local 
authorities  and  private  individuals  on  matters  of 
general  public  concern.  The  law  does  not  require 
the  Attorney  General  to  give  opinions  to  such 
authorities  or  to  private  individuals.  The  answers 
to  these  letters  are  purely  a  matter  of  courtesy 
on  the  part  of  the  Attorney  General.  Attorney 
General  Stead  has  never  refrained  from  answering 
all  inquiries  from  this  source  whenever  he  could 
do  so  consistent  with  the  discharge  of  his  official 
duties.  He  has  believed  that  the  citizens  of  the 
State  appreciate  that  they  are  receiving  a  courtesy 
and  that  his  influence  in  directing  the  government 
in  proper  channels  would  •  be  extended  to  local 
governmental  divisions  of  the  State,  as  well  as  to 
State  and  county  governments.  He  believes  that 
he  has  been  instrumental  in  aiding  and  assisting 
the  citizens  of  the  State  in  these  matters,  and  if 
such  has  been  the  result,  he  is  not  particular 
whether  such  assistance  be  regarded  as  official 
or  unofficial. 

EFFICIENCY  PROVED. 

The  success  which  has  attended  the  handling  of 
the  tremendous  volume  of  legal  business  demon- 
strates the  high  order  of  efficiency  which  has  been 

138 


established  by  Mr.  Stead.  It  is  everywhere  con- 
ceded that  his  administration  has  been  efficient, 
honest  and  fearless,  and  that,  through  his  legal 
and  administrative  ability,  the  Attorney  General's 
office  has  been  elevated  to  a  position  of  prestige 
and  importance. 

ABLE  ASSISTANTS. 

The  success  of  the  Attorney  General's  deparment 
largely  depends  upon  the  character,  competency, 
adaptability  and  harmonious  efforts  of  the 
assistants.  The  actual  work  of  investigating  the 
law,  preparing  and  rendering  opinions,  and  the 
general  routine  of  the  office  must,  of  necessity,  be 
performed  by  the  assistants.  The  Attorney 
General,  in  person,  can  do  little  more  than  shape 
the  policy  of  the  office,  direct  its  affairs,  supervise 
its  work,  meet  the  public,  and  devote  himself 
to  cases  and  matters  of  extraordinary  importance. 
He  must  rely  upon  his  assistants  and  is  responsible 
for  what  they  do.  They  must  be  lawyers  ot  ability, 
integrity  and  experience,  and  furthermore,  must 
be  industrious  and  courteous. 

Attorney  General  Stead  has  always  surrounded 
himself  with  lawyers  of  this  character.  In  choos- 
ing his  assistants,  political  considerations  have 
been  wholly  disregarded.  Not  one  of  the  assis- 
tants now  in  his  office  applied  for  a  position.  Not 
one  of  these  assistants  was  appointed  because  of 
-his  political  influence.  Each  one  was  selected  on 
account  of  his  ability  as  a  lawyer  and  fitness  for 
the  work. 

EXPERIENCE  VALUABLE. 

Attorney  General  Stead  has  devoted  his  entire 
time  and  energies  to  the  work  of  the  office.  The 
State  has  been  his  only  client.  His  experience 
is  now  a  valuable  asset.  He  is  a  candidate  upon 
his  record.  He  is  content  to  be  judged  by  this 
record  of  efficiency,  honesty  and  public  service. 

LAWRENCE  Y.  SHERMAN 

Republican  Nominee  for  United  States 
Senator. 

Lawrence  Y.  Sherman  was  nominated  by  the 
direct  primary  vote  as  a  Republican  candidate 
for  United  States  Senator  in  this  State  with 
four  candidates  in  the  field.  Mr.  Sherman 
received  nearly  45%  of  the  total  vote  cast  on 
Senator.  He  has  served  as  President  of  the 
State  Board  of  Administration  since  August, 
1C09.  This  board  controls  eighteen  of  the  public 
charities  of  this  State.  The  service  is  non-political. 
Its  employes  are  under  civil  service,  the  pay  roll  is 
regulated  by  law,  the  purchase  of  supplies  and 
merchandise,  building  contracts  and  the  re- 
pairs and  improvements  other  than  the  small 

139 


ones  are  made  on  public  bids  and  awards  after 
due  advertisement.  The  board  is  composed  of 
two  Democrats  and  three  Republicans.  Its 
duties  are  discharged  in  a  businesslike  manner. 
The  money  is  economically  and  efficiently  ex- 
pended as  required  by  statute.  The  service  is 
systematized  and  improved.  A  saving  has  been 
effected  as  compared  with  the  old  method  in 
vogue  for  many  years  before  the  consolidation 
of  the  several  boards  of  trustees  in  a  single  board 
of  control.  Mr.  Sherman  is  the  President  of  the 
Board  of  Administration  and  the  executive 
officer  and  is  so  designated  by  the  Governor  in 
the  appointment  as  the  statute  requires. 


He  was  elected  to  the  Illinois  House  of  Repre- 
sentatives in  November,  1896,  and  served  four 
consecutive  terms  from  the  present  Thirty-second 
district.  He  was  a  resident  at  that  time,  and  had 
been  for  many  years,  of  Macomb,  111.  He  was 
Speaker  of  the  House  two  terms,  four  years.  He 
was  elected  Lieutenant  Governor  in  November, 
1904,  and  served  the  full  term.  He  became,  by 
virtue  of  his  election,  ex  officio  President  of  the 
State  Senate.  He  actually  presided  at  the 
several  sessions  during  his  entire  term  and  took 
such  part  in  legislation  during  those  sessions  as 

140 


the  presiding  officer  properly  could.  He  was 
seldom  absent  from  the  Chair  while  in  the  Senate, 
Mr.  Sherman  is  a  native  of  Ohio.  His  birth- 
place is  Brown  Township,  Miami  County  of  that 
state.  His  parents  came  to  Illinois  before  he 
was  one  year  of  age  and  he  has  lived  continuously 
in  this  State  since.  He  spent  the  first  twenty 
years  of  his  life  on  a  farm,  teaching  school  during 
the  winter,  a  portion  of  that  time.  He  attended 
McKendree  college  at  Lebanon,  St.  Clair  County, 
during  1879  to  1882.  During  that  time  he  taught 
school  north  of  Lebanon  in  the  Emerald  Mound 
District.  He  worked  on  the  farm  during  the 
summers  of  the  years  between  1879  and  1882 
taking  up  teaching  again  during  the  fall.  He 
read  law  during  his  three  years  teaching,  carrying 
his  studies  as  a  member  of  the  law  class  in  the 
college.  At  the  end  of  the  three  year  period  he 
was  admitted  to  the  bar  and  immediately  went 
to  Macomb,  Illinois  where  he  remained  twenty- 
three  years  practicing  law  and  incidentally 
taking  some  part  in  county,  district  and  State 
politics.  He  is  a  Republican  and  has  been  from 
his  first  vote.  He  was  elected  city  attorney  of 
Macomb  in  1885,  was  appointed  a  member  of 
the  Board  of  Education  and  served  as  County 
Judge  of  McDonough  County  from  1886  to 
1890.  He  remained  in  private  life  from  1890  to 
1896,  when  he  was  nominated  to  the  Legislature 
as  heretofore  stated. 


WILLIAM  E.  MASON 

Republican  Nominee  for  Co  ngressm  a  Fl- 
at-Large. 

William  E.  Mason,  of  Chicago,  111.,  candidate 
for  Congressman  -  at  -  Large,  served  in  both 
branches  of  the  Legislature  in  Illinois  and  both 
branches  of  Congress;  was  United  States  Senator 
from  March  4th,  1897,  to  March  4th,  1902. 

PURE  FOOD. 

Mr.  Mason  introduced  the  first  resolution  six- 
teen years  ago.  Took  evidence  showing  adul- 
teration of  foods,  and  Dr.  Wiley  says  that  Mason 
is  the  pioneer  in  this  pure  food  legislation,  and 
says  in  regard  to  the  Mason  Flour  Bill,  which  is 
a  law,  that  it  has  practically  "cleaned  up  the 
adulteration  of  the  flour  at  the  mills." 

POSTAL  SAVINGS  BANK. 

Twenty-five  years  Mr.  Mason  has  been  writ- 
ing and  speaking  for  the  postal  savings  bank, 
and  as  chairman  of  the  Postoffice  Committee, 
made  the  first  report  ever  made  in  the  Senate 
in  favor  of  that  proposition.  He  regards  the 

141 


passage  of  that  bill  as  the  most  progressive 
legislation  for  years,  and  the  fact  that  President 
Taft  saved  this  bill  is  proof  of  its  progressive 
principles. 

ELECTION  OF  SENATORS  BY  THE  PEOPLE. 

Election  of  Senators  by  the  people  has  been 
supported  by  Mr.  Mason  for  more  than  twenty 
years  in  the  House  and  in  the  Senate,  and  he 
regards  its  final  submission  to  the  people  as 
another  most  progressive  movement  brought 
about  under  the  administration  of  Mr.  Taft. 


FREE  RURAL  DELIVERY. 

He  was  a  member  of  the  United  States  Post- 
office  Committee  and  a  pioneer  worker  for  the 
free  rural  delivery.  During  his  term  he  fought 
for  better  pay  and  better  conditions  for  the 
carrier,  and  for  all  government  employes. 

PROTECTION. 

He  has  always  been  a  consistent  Protection- 
ist and  believes  in  carrying  out  the  recommend- 
ation of  President  Taft  in  establishing  a  scien- 
tific non-partisan  Tariff  Board  to  determine  the 
actual  difference  in  the  cost  of  production,  that 

142 


justice  may  be  done  to  both  the  manufacturer 
and  consumer.  He  believes  that  the  great  issue 
in  this  campaign  is  whether  we  will  go  back  to 
the  poverty  and  soup  houses,  which  we  had  when 
our  factories  were  closed  from  1892  to  1896;  when 
the  laboring  man  was  out  of  employment,  and 
the  farmer  was.selling  his  wheat,  corn  and  oats  for 
about  one-half  of  what  they  are  sold  for  under 
protective  times. 

1892,  all  labor  employed.  Election  of  Demo- 
cratic President  and  Congress.  50%  of  labor 
unemployed.  Starvation.  Treasury  deficiency. 
In  1896,  election  of  William  McKinley  and  now 
for  sixteen  years  we  have  had  the  greatest  pros- 
perity the  country  has  ever  known. 

Mr.  Mason  believes  that  the  really  great  moral 
issue  is  whether  the  nation  will,  by  disturbing 
the  protective  tariff,  send  the  American  me- 
chanic back  to  the  soup  houses.  In  other  words, 
it  is  not  a  question  of  the  cost  of  high  living,  but 
a  question  of  whether  we  will  live  or  starve. 

His  bill  placed  dentists  in  the  United  States 
Army  and  he  fought  to  give  the  dentist  and  the 
doctor  higher  recognition  in  matters  of  military 
title  and  emolument,  and  he  favors  conservation, 
particularly  of  men,  women  and  children,  and 
has  prepared  a  bill  for  the  establishment  of  a 
National  board  of  health,  under  the  direction  of  a 
new  department,  with  an  addition  to  the  cabinet, 
to  be  called  the  Secretary  of  the  National  Health. 

BURNETT  M.  CHIPERFIELD 

Republican  Nominee  for  Congressman- 
at-Large. 

Mr.  Chiperfield  was  born  at  Dover,  Bureau 
County,  Illinois.  His  father  was  a  Methodist 
Clergyman,  -and  under  the  rules  of  that  church 
back  in  the  days  when  Mr.  Chiperfield  was  a 
boy  the  time  limit  of  ministerial  residence  at  any 
point  was  three  years.  His  early  life  was  spent 
in  Sandwich,  Sterling,  Marseilles,  Seneca,  Rock 
Falls,  Kankakee,  Chillicothe  and  Chicago,  at 
which  last  named  place  he  lived  a  number  of 
years.  His  education  was  obtained  in  the  com- 
mon and  high  schools  of  the  State  and  at  Ham- 
line  University,  a  Methodist  educational  in- 
stitution in  Minnesota.  During  the  time  he  was 
in  ochool,  he  took  up  the  study  of  law,  and  after 
leaving  school  continued  its  study  while  engaged 
in  other  employment. 

After  leaving  .school  he  was  engaged  in  survey- 
ing for  some  time  in  the  northwest.  After  that 
he  had  charge  of  the  school  at  Green  Prairie, 
Minn.,  and  subsequently  was  assistant  principal 
at  Cuba,  Fulton  County,  Illinois,  for  one  year. 

143 


At  21  he  was  admitted  to  the  practice  of  law 
and  has  since  continuously  engaged  in  that  pro- 
fession in  Canton.  In  1894  he  was  elected  city 
attorney.  In  1896  he  was  elected  state's 
attorney  of  Fulton  County,  Illinois,  the  first 
time  this  office  was  ever  filled  by  a  Republican. 
During  his  terms  as  city  attorney  and  state's 
attorney,  an  acquittal  was  almost  unknown  in 
any  case  prosecuted  by  him. 


In  1897,  he  organized  the  State's  Attorneys' 
Association  of  Illinois,  and  for  three  years  was 
elected  as  its  president.  He  is  an  active  member 
of  the  Bar  Association  of  Illinois,  and  has  been 
a  member  of  some  of  its  mo.it  important  com- 
mittees. 

Mr.  Chiperfield  is  a  member  of  the  law  firm 
of  Chiperfield  &  Chiperfield,  composed  of  himself 
and  Judge  C.  E.  Chiperfield.  During  his  prac- 
tice this  firm  has  successfully  handled  many  of 
the  most  important  matters  arising  in  this  part 
of  the  State. 

He  is  a  member  of  the  Knights  of  Pythias, 
Odd  Fellows,  Woodmen,  and  the  Elks.  In  1895 
he  was  married  to  Clara  L.  Ross,  of  Canton,  and 
their  family  consists  of  three  children,  two  sons 
and  a  daughter. 

144 


Mr.  Chiperfield  has  for  some  years  been  much 
interested  in  public  questions  and  has  been  a 
close  student  of  social  and  economic  conditions. 

Mr.  Chiperfield  was  appointed  a  member  of  the 
Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Western  Illinois  State 
Normal  School,  and  there  performed  a  valuable 
service  in  the  building  and  establishment  of  this 
school.  In  1902,  he  was  elected  a  member  of  the 
Legislature  from  the  Forty-third  senatorial  dis- 
trict of  Illinois,  and  upon  his  election,  resigned  as 
a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees  of  the  Normal 
School. 

In  1904,  Mr.  Chiperfield  was  a  candidate  for 
Attorney  General,  before  the  famous  deadlock 
convention.  He  made  a  strong  canvass  of  the 
State  of  Illinois,  and  was  a  close  competitor  of 
Mr.  Stead,  who  was  the  nominee.  In  this  race 
he  made  many  friends,  and  upon  his  defeat  for 
this  position,  took  the  stump  and  spoke  all  over 
the  State  of  Illinois  for  the  success  of  the  Repub- 
lican ticket. 

Mr.  Chiperfield  was  again  elected  to  the  Forty- 
fifth,  Forty-sixth  and  Forty-seventh  sessions  of 
the  General  Assembly.  Ever  since  his  election  to 
that  body,  he  has  been  recognized  as  one  of  its 
strongest  men. 

Mr.  Chiperfield  has  been  the  friend  of  all  labor 
legislation,  and  among  his  most  treasured  posses- 
sions, are  a  large  number  of  official  commenda- 
tions in  the  warmest  terms,  from  various  labor 
bodies  of  the  State  of  Illinois.  He  has  often 
appeared  as  attorney  for  various  of  these  labor 
organizations. 

For  the  past  several  sessions  of  the  Legislature, 
Mr.  Chiperfield  has  been  the  floor  leader  for  the 
Republican  side  of  the  House.  Here  he  proved 
himself  to  be  a  man  of  strength.  He  was  respected 
by  his  political  opponents,  and  any  proposed 
measure  confided  to  his  hands  by  his  associates 
was  certain  to  be  carefully  handled. 

It  is  safe  to  say  that  no  man  on  either  side  of 
the  House,  has  a  more  universal  knowledge  of 
public  matters  than  Mr.  Chiperfield. 

Each  time  that  he  has  been  elected  to  the 
Legislature,  it  has  been  by  increased  majorities, 
and  when  he  announced  that  he  expected  to 
retire  from  this  body,  the  Republican  Committee 
passed  resolutions  asking  him  to  reconsider. 
With  Mr.  Chiperfield,  a  promise  that  he  would 
not  again  be  a  candidate  was  respected,  and  he 
refused  to  allow  his  name  to  be  used.  His  record 
in  the  Legislature  is  one  of  consistent  support  of 
good  measures,  and  many  of  the  most  important 
laws  which  have  been  placed  on  the  statute  books 
in  the  past  ten  years,  have  either  been  written  or 
advocated  by  him.  During  his  campaigns,  his 
opponents  have  searched  to  find  a  single  vicious 

145 


vote  cast  for  any  piece  of  legislation  by  him,  but 
in  vain.  As  Mr.  Chiperfield  leaves  his  legislative 
duties,  he  bears  with  him  the  good  will  of  nearly 
every  man,  woman  and  child,  of  his  district. 

His  last  session  was  marked  by  many  impor- 
tant acts,  chief  among  which  was  his  work  in 
connection  with  the  Submerged  &  Shore  Lands 
Legislative  Investigating  Committee.  Mr.  Chip- 
erfield was  of  the  opinion  that  a  vest  amount  of 
public  land  was  in  the  possession  of  private 
individuals  and  corporations  along  the  public 
waters  of  this  State.  He  introduced  a  resolution 
calling  for  an  investigation  to  ascertain  if  this 
was  the  fact.  He  was  appointed  chairman  and 
given  a  capable  committee  to  support  him  and 
the  work  commenced.  It  continued  for  months, 
and  the  committee  made  a  thorough  investigation, 
and  collected  a  vast  amount  of  data  on  the  subject. 

At  the  conclusion  of  the  work,  Mr.  Chiper- 
field reported  to  the  General  Assembly  the  find- 
ings of  his  committee.  The  report  showed 
clearly  that  many  millions  of  dollars  worth  of 
property  had  been  wrongfully  taken.  The  con- 
clusions of  the  committee  were  published  in  three 
volumes  containing  about  one  thousand  pages. 
It  was  the  largest  report  ever  presented  to,  the 
General  Assembly,  and  it  was  accompanied  by 
hundreds  of  maps  and  exhibits.  The  report  has 
been  sought  by  the  libraries  of  the  world,  not 
only  in  this  country,  but  abroad.  For  his  work 
in  this  behalf  Mr.  Chiperfield  has  received  much 
commendation.  When  Mr.  Chiperfield  decided 
to  become  a  candidate  for  Congressman  at  Large, 
for  this  State,  he  was  opposed  by  a  field  of  splendid 
men,  any  one  of  whom  was  well  qualified  to  fill 
this  position.  They  were  most  worthy  com- 
petitors, but  Mr.  Chiperfield  carried  79  counties 
of  this  State,  and  had  nearly  100,000  plurality 
over  his  next  nearest  competitor.  By  reason 
of  his  large  experience  in  the  Illinois  Legislature, 
he  is  well  qualified  to  represent  this  State  in 
Congress,  and  his  friends  do  not  hesitate  to 
predict  that  he  will  have  a  useful  career  in  that 
body,  if  elected — one  that  will  reflect  not  a  little 
credit  on  this  State. 

Mr.  Chiperfield  has  been  for  many  years  a 
public  speaker  much  in  demand.  He  has  given 
freely  of  his  time  in  that  respect,  and  has  never 
accepted  any  remuneration  for  his  services. 
Throughout  the  State  of  Illinois,  he  has  spoken 
and  lectured  on  the  stump,  for  chautauqua 
gatherings,  schools  and  colleges,  and  churches. 
The  demand  for  his  reappearance  whenever  he 
has  spoken  proves  the  regard  in  which  he  is  held 
as  a  public  speaker.  No  man  within  the  State 
has  a  greater  demand  for  such  service  than  Mr. 
Chiperfield. 

146 


ALBERT  P.  GROUT 
Republican  Nominee  for  University  Trustee. 

Albert  P.  Grout  was  born  and  reared  on  a 
typical  Vermont  farm,  where  he  served  a  com- 
plete apprenticeship  in  everything  pertaining 
to  farming  in  that  state.  His  early  education 
was  obtained  in  the  district  schools  and  later  at 
the  People's  Academy  of  Morrisville,  Vermont. 
In  September,  1869,  he  entered  Dartmouth 
College  and  graduated  with  his  class  in  1873. 

Shortly  after  graduation,  he  came  to  Illinois, 
and  during  his  first  winter  in  the  State  taught  a 
country  school  near  Orleans,  in  Morgan  County. 
For  the  following  two  years  he  was  principal  of 
the  Winchester  schools.  At  the  expiration  of  the 
two  years  he  went  to  Nebraska  and  was  superin- 
tendent of  the  schools  of  Nebraska  City  for  one 
year. 

Mr.  Grout's  early  experience  on  a  Vermont 
farm  had  not  enamored  him  with  the  life  of  a 
farmer,  and  he  early  determined  to  seek  some 
other  business  or  vocation.  Accordingly,  during 
his  spare  hours  while  teaching  and  during  vaca- 
tions, he  devoted  himself  to  the  study  of 
law  and  was  admitted  to  practice  in  Nebraska 
in  the  spring  of  1877.  He  practiced  his  profes- 

147 


sion  at  Syracuse,  Nebraska,  for  about  five  years. 
During  the  time  he  had  charge  of  the  interests 
of  many  non-resident  land  owners,  of  which 
there  were  many  in  those  early  days  in  Nebraska. 

In  the  fall  of  1882,  Mr.  Grout  was  elected  as  a 
Republican  to  the  legislature  from  the  Demo- 
cratic county  of  Otoe,  being  the  only  Republican 
elected  from  the  county  at  that  election.  During 
the  session  of  the  legislature  he  was  chairman  of 
the  House  Committee  on  Railroads,  and  of  a 
joint  investigating  committee  of  the  House 
and  Senate. 

In  1883  Mr.  Grout  returned  to  Winchester, 
where  he  has  since  resided.  For  a  tune  he  was 
engaged  in  the  title  abstract  business,  but  the 
care  of  a  number  of  farms  and  other  business 
soon  required  his  entire  time.  For  a  number  of 
years  his  attention  has  been  largely  devoted  to 
farming  and  stock  raising.  He  has  taken  an 
active  interest  in  the  agricultural  affairs  of  the 
state,  and  in  promoting  the  interests  of  the  Illinois 
College  of  Agriculture.  He  has  been  a  director 
of  the  Illinois  Farmers'  Institute  Board  almost 
from  its  first  organization,  and  at  the  present 
time  is  president. 

For  a  number  of  years  Mr.  Grout  was  president 
of  the  Illinois  Live  Stock  Breeders'  Association, 
and  is  now  president  of  the  Illinois  Alfalfa 
Grower's  Association. 

Mr.  Grout  served  on  the  Republican  State 
Central  Committee  for  one  term,  and  was  also 
for  a  time  Chairman  of  the  Scott  County  Central 
Committee.  Four  years  ago  he  was  elected  as  a 
Trustee  of  the  University  of  Illinois  to  fill  an  un- 
expired  term.  The  last  Republican  State  Con- 
vention renominated  him  for  the  same  position. 

MRS.  CARRIE  THOMAS  ALEXANDER- 

BAHRENBURG 
Republican  Nominee  for  University  Trustee. 

Carrie  Thomas  Alexander-Bahrenburg  was  born 
and  reared  in  Belleville,  St.  Clair  County,  Illinois. 

Her  father  was  the  late  Col.  John  Thomas  who 
was  one  of  the  most  promient  and  influential 
citizens  of  Illinois.  Coming  to  St.  Clair  County 
in  1818  he  settled  near  Shiloh.  He  served  with 
Lincoln  in  the  Black  Hawk  War  and  was  a  mem- 
ber of  the  last  Legislature  held  at  Vandalia  and 
the  first  at  Springfield.  Politically,  in  early  and 
middle  life  he  was  a*  Whig.  Later  he  became 
one  of  the  founders  of  the  Republican  party, 
with  which  he  remained  affiliated  until  his  death 
at  the  ripe  old  age  of  94. 

Mrs.  Bahrenburg  attended  the  public  schools 
of  Belleville,  where  she  was  graduated  with 
honors.  She  later  graduated  with  highest  honors 
of  her  class  at  Montlcello  Seminary  at  Godfrey, 


Illinois.  She  later  supplemented  her  school 
accomplishments  by  travel  abroad,  spending  two 
years  in  study  and  travel  in  Europe,  from  where 
she  returned  with  her  already  liberal  mind 
broadened  by  contact  by  mental  association 
with  our  brothers  and  sisters  across  the  sea. 


She  was  married  to  the  late  Henry  Alexander, 
and  after  his  death  assumed  control  and  manage- 
ment of  the  Belleville  Street  Car  Line,  which 
she  managed  successfully  for  several  years,  the 
only  instance  on  record  where  a  woman  actually 
operated  a  street  railway. 

She  served  as  department  president  of  the 
Woman's  Relief  Corps  in  1898-99.  She  organized 
and  was  matron  for  four  years  of  the  Belleville 
chapter  of  the  Order  of  the  Eastern  Star.  She 
was  elected  a  member  of  the  Board  of  Trustees 
of  the  State  University  in  1890  and  again  in  1906. 
So  mindful  has  she  been  of  the  people's  interests 
in  this  position  that  she  is  frequently  referred 
to  as  the  "watch  dog  of  the  University." 

She  believes  in  an  economic  and  efficient  admin- 
istration of  the  public  funds  and  during  her 
official  incumbency  has  made  many  friends  by 
her  courage  in  opposing  the  improper  expendi- 
ture of  tax  moneys  garnered  from  the  hard 
earnings  of  the  toilers  and  producers. 

149 


It  is  needless  to  say  that  Mrs.  Bahrenburg  has 
ever  since  young  womanhood  taken  an  active 
interest  in  politics,  so  far  as  conditions  allowed 
a  woman  to  be  so  interested.  She  is  an  ardent 
believer  in  the  principles  of  the  Republican  party, 
and  has  always  freely  expressed  her  opinion  and 
views  on  matters  of  public  interest.  Her  posi- 
tion on  questions  of  importance  is  known  to  be 
sound,  and  the  result  of  honest  conviction. 

Her  reputation  as  an  active  and  earnest 
advocate  of  the  G.  A.  R.,  the  Women's  Relief 
Corps  and  a  large  number  of  organizations  of 
particular  interest  to  women  is  more  than  state- 
wide, and  she  is  not  only  an  enthusiastic  worker, 
but  an  able  and  pleasing  speaker,  as  well.  She 
is  and  has  been  for  many  years  a  director  of 
the  Illinois  Children's  Home  and  Aid  Society. 

The  subject  of  this  sketch  has  ever  manifested 
a  deep  interest  in  educational  affairs  and  has  been 
associated  in  everything  which  would  tend  to 
elevate  and  improve  the  condition  of  the  youth 
of  the  land,  as  well  as  the  people  in  general,  of 
every  phase  and  condition  in  life.  She  is  in 
every  particular  an  able  woman  and  is  warmly 
and  enthusiastically  in  favor  of  the  education 
of  the  masses,  believing  and  realizing  that  there- 
in lies  the  future  hope  and  perpetuation  of 
American  free  institutions.  She  has  ever  been 
awake  to  the  demands  of  the  times,  giving  aid  to 
every  measure  which  tended  to  the  public  good. 

Mrs.  Bahrenburg  was  married  to  Dr.  "VYm. 
Bahrenburg,  a  widely  known  practicing  physician 
of  Belleville,  on  July  3,  1909,  in  which  city  she 
and  her  worthy  husband  reside.  Notwithstand- 
ing her  varied  activities  she  shines  in  the  home  as 
an  excellent  household  manager,  a  charming  and 
popular  matron  and  an  ideal  wife.  She  is  a 
living  refutation  of  the  statement  that  the  woman 
interested  in  political  matters  must  necessarily 
neglect  her  home.  The  Bahrenburg  home  life 
is  ideal. 

Mrs.  Bahrenburg  is  in  every  way  fitted  for 
the  duties  of  University  Trustee,  possessing  a 
knowledge  of  public  schools  of  every  grade, 
thoroughly  acquainted  with  all  branches  of 
education,  having  a  wide  experience  in  public 
affairs,  tending  to  the  promotion  of  the  general 
good  of  the  Commonwealth,  and  capable  in  every 
respect.  She  is  popular,  not  only  within  her 
own  party,  but  within  the  ranks  of  the  Demo- 
cratic party  as  well,  where  there  are  many  voters 
who  at  the  coming  November  election  will  cast 
their  votes  for  this  worthy  and  able  wToman  for 
the  position  she  seeks.  She  will  be  elected  because 
she  deserves  to  be. 

150 


P.  A.  PETERSON 
Candidate  for  University  Trustee 


P.  A.  Peterson  passed  his  childhood  days  and 
his  early  manhood  on  a  farm  a  few  miles  south- 
east of  Rockford,  111.  A  veritable  human  dyna- 
mo of  energy,  the  small  farm  did  not  long  con- 
fine him  after  reaching  man's  estate.  The  few 
acres  were  disposed  of,  the  family  moved  to 
Rockford  and  with  the  securing  of  employment 
in  the  only  furniture  factory  in  the  city  by  the 
son,  the  latter's  rise  into  national  prominence  as 
a  manufacturer  and  the  development  of  the  furn- 
iture industry  of  Rockford  began  simultaneously. 

Within  a  few  years  he  was  at  the  head  of  a 
growing  plant.  As  the  years  went  by  he  launched 
others  and  he  has  continued  building  until  today 
he  is  the  actual  or  nominal  head  of  nearly  two 
score  concerns  allied  with  the  furniture  trade, 
and  through  his  industry,  far-sightedness  and 
business  and  executive  ability,  Rockford  today 
stands  no  lower  than  second  city  of  the  country 
in  the  furniture  line. 

His  acumen  in  the  manufacturing  world  has 
been  attested  by  his  being  chosen  president  of 
the  State  Association  of  Manufacturers  and 

151 


Shippers  of  Illinois  at  a  recent  meeting  and  as 
a  financier  his  ability  is  recognized  by  the  lead- 
ing bankers  of  the  country. 

Of  late  years  Mr.  Peterson  has  found  time  to 
devote  considerable  attention  to  the  mercantile 
end  of  his,  home  city,  having  erected  several 
mammoth  business  blocks  and  identified  himself 
with  a  number  of  local  institutions  of  both  a 
mercantile  and  public  as  well  as  philanthropic 
and  charitable  nature. 

Mr.  and  Mrs.  Peterson  are  members  of  Trinity 
Lutheran  church,  active  in  public  work  and  alive 
to  the  interests  of  the  present  generation. 
Though  often  urged  to  accept  public  office, 
Mr.  Peterson  has  steadily  refused  the  honors 
of  that  nature  proffered  him  by  his  admiring 
home  constituency. 

REPUBLICAN  STATE  COMMITTEE 
Room  511,  Hotel  La  Salle,  Chicago,  111. 


152 


/T*HIS  book  is  worth  sav- 
-•-  ing.  It  is  an  authentic 
compendium  of  the  facts 
about  your  State.  Read  it 
in  connection  with  this 
campaign;  then  put  it  in 
your  library  for  future  ref- 
erence. Let  your  children 
studv  it. 


UNIVERSITY  OF  ILLINOIS-URBANA 

353.9IL641R  C001 

THE  RECORD  IN  ILLINOIS  CHGO 


30112025301521 


